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Larches (Larix sp.)

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Book cover Forest Tree Breeding in Europe

Part of the book series: Managing Forest Ecosystems ((MAFE,volume 25))

Abstract

European larch (Larix decidua) is a native species from the Alps and from several mountainous ranges in Central Europe. Its early introduction outside its native range, especially in lowlands western and northern Europe has been problematic for ecological (phenology) and sanitary (canker) reasons due to the lack of knowledge of its genetic variability. As a substitute, Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) and then hybrids between European and Japanese larches have been preferred in these regions together with Siberian larches in northern Scandinavia. Results from intensive provenances testing (as early as in the 1940s) have been the corner stone on which breeding programmes have developed both at the intra- (mostly in Central and Eastern Europe) and inter-specific (mostly in North-Western Europe) levels. Inter-specific hybridization is probably the most emblematic and promising breeding strategy for larch, taking benefit of both species trait complementarity, hybrid vigour (heterosis) and hybrid homeostasis. While seed orchards are now the main source for dissemination of genetic progress for European larch, mass-production of hybrid larch remains problematic either through sexual (hybridization seed orchard) or asexual (vegetative propagation by cutting) ways and still impedes large deployment of hybrids in Europe. While progress is expected from current research on this topic (coupling of somatic embryogenesis with bulk vegetative propagation by cutting, 2nd generation hybridization orchard), other hot issues include decoding of heterosis, evaluation of genetic variability for the most original larch wood properties (heartwood formation and durability), adaptation to climate, etc. Joined efforts at European level are expected for genetic resource conservation, breeding and deployment, and tackling of several scientific and technical bottlenecks.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    double-overlapping saw cuts done at the base of the trunk with the objective of cutting the phloem vessels (Wheeler et al. 1985)

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Acknowledgments

We are very grateful to all our colleagues from national and regional forestry research institutes across Europe, who provided us with relevant information for this chapter, namely: W. Chalupka (IDPAN, PL), B. de Cuyper (INBO, BE), D. Danusevicius (LFRI, LT), F. Ducci (CRA, IT), J. Frydl (VULHM, CZ), V. Grigoryeva (FRI, UA), T. Helmink (Alterra, NL), J. Kehlet (KUL, DK), J. Kowalczyk (IBL, PL), D. Krabel (TU Dresden, DE), D. Jacques (BE), S.J. Lee (FR), S. Los (FRI, UA), G. Mihai (ICAS, RO), A. Pliura (LFRI, LT), V. Schneck (vTI, DE), L-G Stener (SkogForsk, SE), D. Thompson (Coillte, IRL), J.Vašíček (UHUL Institute, CZ), S.M.G. de Vries (Alterra, NL), M. Westergren (SL), H. Wolf (SMUL, DE), L. Yrjänä (Metla, FI).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Forest Tree Breeding and Physiology Unit, INRA, Centre d’Orléans, 2163 Avenue de la Pomme de Pin, CS 40001, 45160, Ardon, Orléans, Cedex 2, France

    Luc E. Pâques & Marie-Anne Lelu-Walter

  2. Národné lesnícke centrum (National Forest Centre), 96092, Zvolen, Slovakia

    Elena Foffová

  3. Bundesforschungs- und Ausbildungszentrum für Wald, Naturgefahren und Landschaft/Federal Research Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape Institut für Genetik/Department of Genetics, Abteilung Genomforschung/Unit of Genome Research, A-1140 Wien, Hauptstraße 7, Austria

    Berthold Heinze

  4. Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut (vTI), Institut für Forstgenetik, Sieker Landstr. 2, D-22927, Großhansdorf, Germany

    Mirko Liesebach

  5. EFNO-Ecosystèmes forestiers, IRSTEA, Domaine des Barres, F-45290, Nogent-sur-Vernisson, France

    Gwenael Philippe

Authors
  1. Luc E. Pâques
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  2. Elena Foffová
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  3. Berthold Heinze
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  4. Marie-Anne Lelu-Walter
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  5. Mirko Liesebach
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  6. Gwenael Philippe
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Correspondence to Luc E. Pâques .

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  1. , Unité AGPF, INRA, Avenue de la Pomme de Pin 2163, Orléans, 45075, France

    Luc E Pâques

Appendices

Annexe 2.1 Regions of Provenance of European Larch in Some European Countries

figure 0002a

Annexe 2.2. List of European Larch Seed Orchards Across Europe

Country

SO name

Area (ha)

Type

Origin of material

No. of entries

Year of establishment

Thinned? (Y/N)

Generation

Category (Q,T)a

Clonal (C)

Family (F)

AT

Lä P1 (ÖBf Krummnußbaum)

4.2

C

Northern Alps – middle elevation

53

1979

N

1

Q

AT

Lä P2 (ÖBf – Säusenstein)

3.7

C

The Tyrol – Central Alps – high elevation

52

1979

N

1

Q

AT

Lä P3 (ÖBf – Hamet)

3.15

C

Wienerwald – low elevation

42

1950s

N

1

Q

AT

Lä P4 (ÖBf – Säusenstein)

3.9

C

The Tyrol – Limestone Alps – high elevation

61

1980

N

1

Q

AT

Lä P5 (ÖBf – Sarling)

3.2

C

Salzburg (province) – Central Alps – middle elevation

42

1978

N

1

Q

AT

Lä P6 (ÖBf – Weinzierl)

3.0

C

Northern Alps – middle elevation

57

1979

N

1

Q

AT

Lä P7 (ÖBf – Weinzierl)

2.75

C

Wienerwald – low elevation

67

1982

N

1

Q

AT

Lä P8 (Nikolsdorf)

4.3

C

The Tyrol – Central Alps – high elevation

67

Approx. 1980

N

1

Q

AT

Lä P9 (Nikolsdorf)

2.9

C

The Tyrol – Limestone Alps – high elevation

54

1980

N

1

Q

AT

Lä P10 (MM – Mauritzen)

1.33

C

Surroundings of Graz (Stryria)

50

1987

N

1

Q

AT

Lä P11 (Feldkirchen)

2.39

C

Northern parts of Upper Austria and Lower Austria; possibly also some Sudeten clones

77

1991

N

1

Q

AT

Lä P12 (Ossiach WLV)

2.75

C

Central Alps – high elevation

83

1991

N

1

Q

AT

Lä P13 (Franzen)

1.4

C

Northern parts of Upper Austria and Lower Austria

50

Approx. 1991

N

1

Q

AT

Lä P14 (Königshof WLV)

6.91

C

Central Alps – high elevation

Approx. 80

Approx. 1991

N

1

Q

BE

Halleb

0.6

C

Sudetica

15

1959

N

1

Q

CZ

LISICE

5

C

Sudetica

80

1998

N

1

Q

CZ

SARAPAK

3.18

C

Sudetica

65

1998

N

1

Q

CZ

DZBANOV

4.47

C

?

88

–

N

1

Q

CZ

KRALOVKA

1.36

C

Sudetica

67

1996

N

1

Q

CZ

SEBIN

2.7

C

Sudetica

76

1991

N

1

Q

CZ

Baně

1.23

C

Sudetica

144

–

N

1

Q

CZ

Horní Lhota

0.86

C

Sudetica

23

–

N

1

Q

CZ

Rabiňka

0.39

C

Sudetica

25

–

N

1

Q

CZ

SILOV

4.23

C

Sudetica

117

1990

N

1

Q

CZ

KONRATICE

1.04

C

Sudetica

49

1994

N

1

Q

CZ

SLEGL

1.15

C

Sudetica

37

1993

N

1

Q

CZ

VRSAVA

2

C

Sudetica

75

1992

N

1

Q

CZ

ULEHLA

1.05

C

Sudetica

29

1996

N

1

Q

CZ

VRCAVA

5.7

C

Sudetica

141

1992

N

1

Q

CZ

KLETNA

7

C

Sudetica

69

1990

N

1

Q

CZ

POD LUKARNOU

2.01

C

Sudetica

105

1993

N

1

Q

CZ

PABOZEK

1.13

C

Sudetica

48

1993

N

1

Q

CZ

NYRANY

2.99

C

Sudetica

90

1990

N

1

Q

CZ

TAMARA

1.63

C

Sudetica

42

1998

N

1

Q

CZ

SMRKOVEC

6

C

Sudetica

189

1990

N

1

Q

CZ

MLADEC

11.04

C

Sudetica

118

1999

N

1

Q

CZ

POROST 71 A O

2.11

C

Sudetica

734

1990

N

1

Q

CZ

ZAVISIN

5

C

Sudetica

94

–

N

1

Q

CZ

POROST 244 C 3,4,5

5.34

C

Sudetica

130

1993

N

1

Q

DE

ELä Sudeten FA Rotenburg

2.1

C

Sudetica

35

1962

N

1

Q

DE

SP Harsefeld; “Harbker Lärche”

1.4

C

Plus trees forestry district Calvörde – region of provenance 83,702

–

–

N

1

Q

DE

Sudetenlärche, SP Wietze

1

C

Sudetica

–

–

N

1

Q

DE

SP Düsterförde

1

C

Region of provenance 837,01 and 837,02 (Templin, Wolgast)

30

1965

N

1

Q

DE

SP Voigtsdorf

2.1

C

Region of provenance 837,01 and 837,02 (Wismar, Güstrow, Parchim, Templin, Salzwedel, Hasselburg)

25

1966

N

1

Q

DE

SP Leussow

1

C

Region of provenance 837,01 and 837,02 (Templin, Mirow)

25

1963

N

1

Q

DE

Brüsenwalde

2.6

C

Region of provenance 837,02 (Templin, Hasselburg)

30

1966

N

1

Q

DE

Cobbelsdorf

3

C

Hasselburg

32

1960

N

1

Q

DE

Ziegelroda

1.9

C

Region of provenance 837,02 and 83,703 (Hasselburg, Gotha, Bautzen, Nordhausen, Heiligenstadt) and Czech Republik

30

1963

N

1

Q

DE

Drehna

2

C

Region of provenance 837,02 (Templin, Hasselburg)

25

1965

N

1

Q

DE

An der Flut

1

C

Region of provenance 837,01 and 837,02 (Salzwedel, Wolgast, Mirow, Neubrandenburg, Templin, Hasselburg)

30

1966

N

1

Q

DE

Dahmsdorf

3.6

C

Region of provenance 837 01 (Salzwedel)

40

1985

N

1

Q

DE

Europäische Lärche Großenhain

2.2

C

Region of provenance 837,02 and 837,04 (Hasselburg, Bautzen, Löbau, Nordhausen, Gotha, Dippoldiswalde)

30

1958

N

1

Q

DE

SPL Nürnberg

3

C

–

–

–

N

1

Q

DE

Varel

1.5

C

Region of provenance 837 01 (Forestry districts Hasbruch and Neuenburg)

–

–

N

1

Q

DE

Mariental

1.5

C

Region of provenance 837,03 (Forestry districts Schöningen and Mariental)

–

–

N

1

Q

DE

Großbottwar

4

C

Alps

–

–

N

1

Q

DE

Lilienthal

2

C

Alps

–

–

N

1

Q

DE

Erdesbach

2.1

C

–

–

–

N

1

Q

DE

SPL Laufen-Lebenau

2.8

C

Region of provenance 837 03

–

–

N

1

Q

DE

Europäische Lärche Eich

1.4

C

Region of provenance 837,04 (Klingenthal, Oelsnitz)

18

1959

N

1

Q

DE

Europäische Lärche Neuendorfer Hang

0.9

C

Sudetica

33

1985

N

1

Q

DE

Europäische Lärche Fischbach

4.8

C

Sudetica

100

1960

N

1

Q

DE

Weidmannsruh-Groß Wismar

2

C

Region of provenance 837,01 (Salzwedel)

30

1984

N

1

T

DE

Anhalt-Wismar

2.6

C

Region of provenance 837,01 (Salzwedel)

30

1994

N

1

T

DE

Wienerwald

1.8

C

Wienerwald

–

–

N

1

T

DE

Sudeten

1.6

C

Sudetica mountains in Poland and former Czecheslovakia

28

1973

N

1

T

DE

Berkel

2.9

C

Forestry districts of Schlitz, Völkershausen, Driburg, Hameln, Junkernthal, Pyrmont, Hasselburg, Wildeck

23

1955

N

1

T

DE

Denkendorf

2.5

C

Sudetica

  

N

1

T

DE

Elä Sudeten (Wildeck) im FA Gahrenberg

3.5

C

Sudetica

12

1954

N

1

T

DE

ELä Sudeten im FA Gahrenberg

0.3

C

Sudetica

10

1952

N

1

T

DE

ELä Sudeten im FA Rotenburg

4

C

Sudetica

54

1964

N

1

T

DE

ELä Sudeten im FA Rotenburg

1.5

C

Sudetica

54

1964

N

1

T

DE

ELä Sudeten/Wildeck/Jukernthal im FA Gahr

0.7

C

Sudetica and region of provenance 837 03 (forestry districts Wildeck and Junkernthal)

–

–

N

1

T

DE

ELä Junkernthal im FA Gahrenberg

1.2

C

Region of provenance 837,03 (forestry district Junkernthal)

11

1956

N

1

T

DE

ELä Drieburg/Schweckhausen im FA Hofbieber

1

C

Region of provenance 837,03 (Forestry districts Dreiburg, Schweckhausen)

12

1954

N

1

T

DE

ELä unterer Vogelsberg im FA Mörfelden-Wall

1.5

C

Region of provenance 837,03 (unterer Vogelsberg)

14

1954

N

1

T

DK

–

0

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

FR

Le Theil

10

C

Sudetica

157

1980

N

1

Q

FR

Cadouin

10

C

Sudetica

170

1980

N

1

Q

GB

Peninsula FD (Exeter)

7

C

Unknown

20

1980

N

1

Q

GB

Moray FD (Nairn)

1.6

C

Unknown

20

1982

N

1

Q

GB

Llanymddyfri FD (Haverfordwest)

3.3

C

Unknown

20

1986

N

1

Q

IRL

–

0

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

IT

–

0

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

LT

Mociškis

2.8

C

European artificial stands in Lithuania

44

2005

N

1

Q

NL

–

0

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

PL

Brzeziny TADZIN

12.50

C

Polonica

86

1970–1989

Y

1

Q

PL

Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski OŻARÓW

10.31

C

Polonica

39

1975–1976

Y

1

Q

PL

Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski OŻARÓW

5.53

C

Polonica

43

1989

Y

1

Q

PL

Jamy LISNOWO

3.00

C

Artificial

36

1977

Y

1

Q

PL

Złoty Potok STAWKI

4.30

C

Sudetica

43

1978

Y

1

Q

PL

Głusko MOCZELE

10.10

C

Artificial

60

1978–1989

Y

1

Q

PL

Leżajsk MARYNIN

6.60

C

Artificial

55

1978–1984

Y

1

Q

PL

Krzeszowice DOLINA BĘDKOWSKA

7.11

C

Artificial

51

1979

Y

1

Q

PL

Lidzbark FILICE

8.87

C

Artificial

33

1982–1984

Y

1

Q

PL

Rytel KŁODAWA

7.30

C

Sudetica

41

1982–1984

Y

1

Q

PL

Zdrojowa Góra WILDEK

5.42

C

Sudetica

54

1984

Y

1

Q

PL

Piaski STAWISZYN

6.76

C

Artificial

53

1986–1990

Y

1

Q

PL

Bielsk GRABOWIEC

4.10

C

Artificial

31

1986–1991

Y

1

Q

PL

Starachowice KUTERY

3.66

C

Polonica

43

1988

Y

1

Q

PL

Bierzwnik RADACHOWO

6.21

C

Artificial

30

1989

Y

1

Q

PL

Supraśl REMUCZEWO

3.60

C

Artificial

30

1989–1990

Y

1

Q

PL

Międzyrzec ŻELIZNA

6.56

C

Artificial

62

1989–1990

Y

1

Q

PL

Świdnik STARY GAJ

9.82

C

Artificial

38

1990–1993

Y

1

Q

PL

Olkusz JEZIOROWICE

2.56

C

Artificial

51

1990

Y

1

Q

PL

Turek IMIEŁKÓW

8.70

C

Artificial

45

1993

Y

1

Q

PL

Warcino KĘPICE

6.00

C

Artificial

48

1993

Y

1

Q

PL

Syców ŚLIZÓW

6.70

C

Artificial

51

1994

Y

1

Q

PL

Bielsk GRABOWIEC

3.87

C

Artificial

31

1996

Y

1

Q

PL

Warcino BIESOWICE

6.00

C

Artificial

63

1997

Y

1

Q

PL

Świerklaniec ŻYGLINEK

5.75

C

Sudetica

42

1997

Y

1

Q

PL

Bardo Śl. DĘBOWINA

5.36

C

Sudetica

42

1998

Y

1

Q

PL

Chrzanów BOBREK

5.74

C

Artificial

34

1998

Y

1

Q

PL

Olsztyn ŁĘGAJNY

13.71

C

Artificial

32

1999

Y

1

Q

PL

Barycz WĄSOSZ

6.00

C

Artificial

68

1999

Y

1

Q

PL

Kamienna Góra MARCISZÓW

6.22

C

Artificial

44

1999

Y

1

Q

PL

Kwidzyn OTŁAWA

8.57

C

Artificial

44

1999

Y

1

Q

PL

Złoty Potok LIPNIK

2.13

C

Sudetica

30

1999

Y

1

Q

PL

Staszów SZCZEKA

5.00

C

Polonica

102

2000

Y

1

Q

PL

Nowogard RADOSŁAW

4.62

C

Artificial

32

2000

Y

1

Q

PL

Choczewo DĄBRÓWKA

4.23

C

Artificial

73

2000

Y

1

Q

PL

Rudy Raciborskie NĘDZA

11.14

C

Artificial

59

2001

Y

1

Q

PL

Sulęcin BRZEŹNO

5.52

C

Artificial

35

2003

Y

1

Q

PL

Łopuchówko BRZEŹNO

7.68

C

Artificial

186

2005

Y

1

Q

PL

Wyszków NOWINY

7.17

F

Polonica

20

1964

Y

1

Q

PL

Kaliska BORZECHOWO

5.09

F

Artificial

30

1977

Y

1

Q

PL

Jarocin CIELCZA

5.24

F

Artificial

40

1984

Y

1

Q

PL

Młynary KSIĄŻKI

6.57

F

Artificial

33

1985

Y

1

Q

PL

Zaporowo ROSINY

29.70

F

Artificial

33

1986

Y

1

Q

PL

Złoty Potok LIPNIK

4.00

F

Sudetica

31

1986

Y

1

Q

PL

Jastrowie HAJDA

13.39

F

Artificial

30

1986

Y

1

Q

PL

Łuków ŁAWKI

6.12

F

Artificial

32

1988

Y

1

Q

PL

Miechów SKAŁA

4.28

F

Artificial?

48

1991

Y

1

Q

PL

Dębica BERDECH

3.71

F

Artificial

40

1991

Y

1

Q

PL

Oleśnica STRZELCE

5.04

F

Artificial

30

1992

Y

1

Q

PL

Świdnik STARY GAJ

12.05

F

Artificial

36

1992

Y

1

Q

PL

Koło RZUCHÓW

5.76

F

Artificial

30

1994

Y

1

Q

PL

Konin BRZEŹNO

4.75

F

Artificial

30

1994

Y

1

Q

PL

Syców ŚLIZÓW

4.95

F

Artificial

44

1995

Y

1

Q

PL

Sieradz EDMUNDÓW

5.27

F

Artificial

42

1996

Y

1

Q

PL

Brzeziny ZIELEŃ

14.57

F

Artificial

52

1996

Y

1

Q

PL

Piwniczna JASTRZĘBIK

4.00

F

Artificial

37

1996

Y

1

Q

PL

Gromnik WOLA PODGÓRSKA

4.16

F

Artificial

34

1996

Y

1

Q

PL

Krzystkowice KOTOWICE

5.73

F

Artificial

35

1998

Y

1

Q

PL

Kozienice PRZEJAZD

5.20

F

Polonica

67

2001

Y

1

Q

PL

Stąporków MOŚCISKA

5.06

F

Polonica

97

2001

Y

1

Q

PL

Brzesko JODŁÓWKA

4.28

F

Artificial

42

2003

Y

1

Q

PL

Nowa Sól SOKOŁÓW

5.80

F

Artificial

53

2002

Y

1

Q

PL

Połczyn DĘBNO

6.60

F

Artificial

54

2009

Y

1

Q

Ro

Priseaca

6

C

Carpathians

32

1984

N

1

Q

Ro

Pausa

4.3

C

Carpathians

45

1981

N

1

Q

Ro

Fantanele

11.3

C

Carpathians

41

1968

N

1

Q

Ro

Carbunar

5

C

Carpathians

30

1981

N

1

Q

Ro

Rupea

6.1

C

Carpathians

45

1969

N

1

Q

Ro

Baciu

8.5

C

Carpathians

58

1978

N

1

Q

Ro

Carletea

4.5

C

Carpathians

54

1966

N

1

Q

Ro

Hemeiusi

5.6

C

Carpathians

37

1969

N

1

Q

Ro

Ruda

6.2

C

Carpathians

40

1969

N

1

Q

Ro

Valea lui Stefan

5

C

Carpathians

35

1968

N

1

Q

Ro

Pucioasa

12.8

C

Carpathians

126

1969

N

1

Q

Ro

Garcina

6.8

C

Carpathians

100

1982

N

1

Q

Ro

Beizadele

4.5

C

Carpathians

35

1982

N

1

Q

Ro

Ciresnaia

3.9

C

Carpathians

61

1968

N

1

Q

Ro

Slatioara

10

C

Carpathians

30

1970

N

1

Q

Ro

Cernat

5

C

Carpathians

29

1984

N

1

Q

Ro

Poiana Neamtului

5

C

Carpathians

30

1981

N

1

Q

Ro

Siminicea

5

C

Carpathians

25

1983

N

1

Q

SK

Breziny

2.97

C

Carpathians indigenous Low Tatras

50

1992

N

1

Q

SK

Burich

1.00

C

Carpathians indigenous. High Tatras

33

1975

N

1

Q

SK

Červená

2.00

C

Carpathians Allochthone. East SK

58

1993

N

1

Q

SK

Dolné Mlynárovo

2.50

C

Carpathians indigenous Low Tatras

26

1976

N

1

Q

SK

Gleskovské Tále

2.19

C

Carpathians Allochthone. SouthWest SK

70

1994

N

1

Q

SK

Handlová

2.00

C

Carpathians. Allochthone South SK

25

1975

N

1

Q

SK

Hladomer

2.60

C

Sudetic from CZ

59

1989

N

1

Q

SK

Hlachová

3.08

C

Carpathians. Allochthone

48

1974

N

1

Q

SK

Ivachnová

3.50

C

Carpathians Indigenous Low Tatras

26

–

N

1

Q

SK

Kmeťová

8.48

C

Carpathians Indigenous Low Tatras

143

1979

N

1

Q

SK

Korimovo

1.55

C

Carpathians Indigenous Muránska Planina

39

–

N

1

Q

SK

Kôprovica

1.20

C

Carpathians Indigenous Low Tatras

29

1973

N

1

Q

SK

Kraje

1.00

C

Carpathians Allochthone South

40

1992

N

1

Q

SK

Kr. Dub

4.20

C

Carpathians Allochthone SW SK

76

1990–

N

1

Q

SK

Kunoš

3.50

C

Carpathians Indigenous. East Slovakia

37

–

N

1

Q

SK

Kuracia

1.56

C

Carpathians Allochthone SW SK

36

1990–

N

1

Q

SK

Lukavica – Stráňa

4.00

C

Carpathians Allochthone SW SK

77

1987

N

1

Q

SK

Majer

4.80

C

Carpathians allochthone SW SK

49

1989

N

1

Q

SK

Paseky

2.00

C

Carpathians indigenous Muránska planina

39

1984

N

1

Q

SK

Políčko

2.00

C

Sudetic CZ

25

–

N

1

Q

SK

Pusté Pole

2.00

C

Carpathians Allochthone East Slovakia

25

–

N

1

Q

SK

Salaš

5.04

C

Carpathians Allochthone SW SK

25

1972

N

1

Q

SK

Salašíky

3.61

C

Carpathians Allochthone South SK

137

1990

N

1

Q

SK

Sinec

2.61

C

Carpathians Allochthone S

78

1991

N

1

Q

SK

Skalník

7.00

C

Carpathians Allochthone S

183

1989

N

1

Q

SK

Stráža

5.20

C

Sudetic CZ

46

1980

N

1

Q

SK

Široká

2.15

C

Carpathians Indigenous Low Tatras

64

1990

N

1

Q

SK

VavreČka

1.50

C

Carpathians indigenous/allochthone NW- Slovakia

105

–

N

1

Q

SK

VČelín

2.00

C

Carpathians Indigenous. High Tatras

50

1979

N

1

Q

Ukraine

Vinnitsa region

1.0

C

Ukraine Vinnitsa region

480 item

1968

N

1

Q

Ukraine

Khmelnitsky Region

14.0

C

Khmelnitsky region

2920

1985–1987

N

1

Q

Ukraine

Sumy region

1.0

C

Sumy region

–

1974

N

1

Q

Ukraine

Sumy region

4.8

C

Region ex USSR

–

1983

N

1

Q

Ukraine

Sumy region

0.4

C

–

–

1986

N

1

Q

Ukraine

Sumy region

0.9

C

–

–

1986

N

1

Q

  1. – Data not available
  2. a Q qualified, T tested following Council Directive 1999/105/EC of 22 December 1999
  3. bNo longer included in the national register

Annexe 2.3 Hybridization Seed Orchards Across Europe

Country

SO name

Area (ha)

Type

Origin of material (EL/JL/HL)

Number of entries

Year ofestablishment

Thinned? (Y/N)

Generation

Category (Q,T)a

Clonal (C)

Family (F)

Parent of Family (PF)

BE

Halle

3.0

C

Artificial

15EL  ×  27 JL

1959

N

1

Q

BE

Fenffe

1.3

C

HL

91

1984

N

2

Q

CZ

Kyjice-Ore Mountains

–

C

–

49

–

N

1

–

DE

LOLA 1

1.7

C

Unknown/J

1EL  ×  261JL

1985

N

1

T

DE

Neuärgerniss

3.8

C

Graupa/Tharandt. Sauen

1EL  ×  2JL

1989

N

1

T

DE

Heinzebank

1.1

C

Wiener Wald/Kumashiroyama. Okunikko

1EL  ×  2JL

1989

N

1

T

DE

Fischbach

2.4

C

Graupa. 2Wienerwald. Tatra/Dresden

4EL  ×  1JL

1969

N

1

T

DE

Neundorfer Hang

5.4

C

Reinerz/Yatsugatake

1EL  ×  1JL

1985

N

1

T

DK

FP.201

0.9

C/F

–

1EL  ×  6JL

1946–1955

Y

1

T

DK

FP.203

0.9

C/F

–

1JL  ×  1EL

1949

 

1

T

DK

FP.205

0.4

C/F

–

1JL  ×  1EL

1949

Y

1

T

DK

FP.211

2

C

–

1EL  ×  11JL

1962

Y

1

T

DK

FP.237

2

C

–

1EL  ×  14JL

1978–1979

Y

1

Q

DK

FP.618

0.84

C

–

1JL  ×  4EL

1959–1963

N

1

T

DK

FP.626

1.38

C

–

1JL  ×  4EL

1975

N

1

Q

DK

FP.636

3.44

C

–

1JL  ×  4EL

1994

N

1

Q

FI

–

1.0

C

EL: artificial

1 SL  ×  6EL

1962

N

1

–

FR

Lavercantière

2  ×  5

PF

EL: Alpine/JL: DK

1EL  ×  157JL

1978–1979

N

1

Q

FR

REVE-VERT

 

PF

EL: Alpine/JL: J

1EL  ×  12JL

2005

N

1

T

FR

Carnoët

1

C

HL

54

1995

N

2

–

FR

Les Barres

1

C

HL

28

 

N

2

–

IRL

Ballylusk

0.7

C

Scotland

18EL  ×  18JL

1983

Y

1

Q

LT

Vaisvydava

1.4

C

European  ×  Japanese artificial stands in Lithuania

22EL  ×  5JL

1964

Y

1

Q

LT

Dzirmiskis

7.25

C

European  ×  Japanese artificial stands in Lithuania

20EL  ×  5JL

1974

N

1

Q

LT

Birstonas

6.5

C

European  ×  Japanese artificial stands in Lithuania

19EL  ×  9JL

1974

Y

1

Q

LT

Radviliskis

1.8

C

European  ×  Japanese artificial stands in Lithuania (Degsnė)

15EL  ×  5JL

1975

Y

1

Q

LT

Balbieriskis (27)

2.6

C

European  ×  Japanese artificial stands in Lithuania

15EL  ×  5JL

1976

Y

1

Q

LT

Balbieriskis (29)

3.5

C

European  ×  Japanese artificial stands in Lithuania

20EL  ×  5JL

1976

Y

1

Q

LT

Silenai

2.3

C

European  ×  Japanese artificial stands in Lithuania

15EL  ×  4JL

1988

N

1

Q

LT

Vaisvydava

1.8

C

European  ×  Japanese artificial stands in Lithuania

20EL  ×  5JL

1988

Y

1

Q

LT

Vilnius

2.6

C

European  ×  Japanese artificial stands in Lithuania

16EL  ×  5JL

1969

Y

1

Q

LT

Kazlu Ruda

1.0

C

European  ×  Japanese artificial stands in Lithuania

22EL  ×  7JL

1970

Y

1

Q

NL

Vaals-01

2

C

Unknown. from artificial stands

12EL  ×  28JL

1969

Y

1

T

NL

Esbeek-01

1

C

Unknown. from artificial stands

1EL  ×  5JL

1971

Y

1

Q

Ro

Lunca Bradului

2

C

Carpathians and 1 female clone of JL

11

1968

N

1

Q

Ro

Furnicosi

3

C

Carpathians and 1 female clone of JL

20

1967

N

1

Q

Ro

Balauseri

10

C

Carpathians and 1 female clone of JL

43

1977

N

1

Q

SE

Maglehem (FP-51)

3.5

C

Artificial stands

1JL  ×  8EL

1957

Y

1

S

SE

Hjälmshult

1.1

C

EL: Blizyn/ JL: artificial

1JL  ×  30EL

1962

N

1

S

SE

Klev

1.5

C

Artificial stands

1EL  ×  20JL

1962

N

1

S

SE

Trolleholm

3

C

Artificial stands

1JL  ×  26EL

1992

N

1

T

Ukraine

Kharkov region

1.0

C

Carpathian region

110

1972

N

1

Q

Ukraine

Rivne region

5.4

C

Carpathian region

1105

2001–2004

N

1

Q

  1. a Q qualified, T tested following Council Directive 1999/105/EC of 22 December 1999

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Pâques, L.E., Foffová, E., Heinze, B., Lelu-Walter, MA., Liesebach, M., Philippe, G. (2013). Larches (Larix sp.). In: Pâques, L. (eds) Forest Tree Breeding in Europe. Managing Forest Ecosystems, vol 25. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6146-9_2

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