Abstract
Depending on the location, HSP70 has different, often opposite effects on carcinogenesis. Intracellular HSP70 contributes to tumour development by: (1) supporting protein homeostasis in a tumour cell, thus protecting the cell from the adverse conditions of external inflammation; (2) contributing to the proliferation of tumour cells because HSP70 stabilizes cyclin D1; and (3) suppressing oncogene-induced apoptosis and the aging program. As a result, intracellular HSP70 creates the most favourable internal conditions for tumour growth. Membrane-associated and extracellular HSP70, in contrast, mainly aid the immune system to destroy the tumour. Extracellular HSP70 may participate in antigen-presentation of a tumour specific antigen and facilitate the development of anti-tumour adaptive responses. Extracellular HSP70 released from tumour cells, can influence the immune system even in the absence of an antigenic peptide. Natural killer cells can recognize HSP70 located on the tumour cell membrane as a tumour-specific structure. Along with natural killer cells, T memory cells can also recognize and kill HSP70-positive tumour cells.
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Notes
- 1.
A telomere is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromosome, which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes. Over time, due to each cell division, the telomere ends become shorter.
- 2.
ERKs are involved in functions including the regulation of meiosis, mitosis and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells. Many different stimuli, including growth factors, cytokines, virus infection, ligands for G protein-coupled receptors, transforming agents, and carcinogens, activate the ERK pathway.
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Malyshev, I. (2013). HSP70 in Carcinogenesis. In: Immunity, Tumors and Aging: The Role of HSP70. SpringerBriefs in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5943-5_6
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