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Plastid Development in Leaves during Growth and Senescence pp 215–237Cite as

Development-Dependent Changes in the Amount and Structural Organization of Plastid DNA

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Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 36))

Summary

Plastids usually contain numerous copies of their genome. The reason of maintaining high copy numbers of the plastome and their changes resulting from developmental, cellular (e.g., nuclear ploidy levels), and environmental cues remains elusive. The DNA is contained in certain regions of the plastids, the nucleoids. Number and shape of nucleoids change during leaf and chloroplast development. Generally, a substantial increase of nucleoids and therefore plastome copy numbers per organelle and cell occurs very early in leaf development, which later on provides not only enough plastomes for the distribution during plastid division, but may also meet the increasing demand for plastid gene products during chloroplast biogenesis. Later in leaf development the fate of chloroplast DNA seems to be regulated in a species-specific manner. While some species further increase the amount of plastid DNA (at least per cell), others seem to decrease plastome copy numbers per cell and per organelle during chloroplast maturation. The amount of chloroplast DNA decreases during senescence.

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Abbreviations

CND41 –:

41 kDa chloroplast nucleoid DNA binding protein;

DAPI –:

4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole;

NEP –:

Nuclear-encoded plastid RNA-polymerase;

PEND –:

Plastid envelope DNA-binding protein;

PEP –:

Plastid-encoded plastid RNA-polymerase;

ppGpp –:

Guanosine 5′-diphosphate 3′-diphosphate;

qPCR –:

Quantitative real-time PCR;

RubBisCO –:

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase;

SN-type –:

Scattered nucleoid type; TAC – Transcriptionally active chromosome

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Acknowledgments

The work of the authors was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 429). We are thankful to Reinhold G. Herrmann (Munich) and Hieronim Golczyk (Lublin) for providing Fig. 11.1.

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  1. Institut für Biologie/Genetik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Chausseestr. 117, 10115, Berlin, Germany

    Karsten Liere & Thomas Börner

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  1. Karsten Liere
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  2. Thomas Börner
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Correspondence to Thomas Börner .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyotivihar, Sambalpur, 768019, Orissa, India

    Basanti Biswal

  2. Botanisches Institut, Universität Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, Kiel, 24118, Germany

    Karin Krupinska

  3. School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Orissa, 768 019, India

    Udaya C. Biswal

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Liere, K., Börner, T. (2013). Development-Dependent Changes in the Amount and Structural Organization of Plastid DNA. In: Biswal, B., Krupinska, K., Biswal, U. (eds) Plastid Development in Leaves during Growth and Senescence. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 36. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5724-0_11

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