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Cadmium: From Toxicity to Essentiality pp 99–115Cite as

Imaging and Sensing of Cadmium in Cells

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Part of the book series: Metal Ions in Life Sciences ((MILS,volume 11))

Abstract

Cadmium is one of the highly toxic transition metals for human beings and is known as a human carcinogen. Once humans are exposed to Cd2+ on a chronic basis, Cd2+ primarily accumulates in the liver and kidney where it forms complexes with small peptides and proteins via sulfhydryl groups. Complexed Cd2+ or the ionic Cd2+ is then taken up by target cells and tissues and exerts the toxicity. However, the question of how non-essential Cd2+ crosses the cell membranes remains unanswered. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of Cd2+-induced physiological signaling disruption in cells is still not fully elucidated. Investigations of Cd2+ uptake kinetics, distributions, and concentrations in cells require chemical tools for its detection. Because of the easy use and high spatiotemporal resolution, optical imaging using fluorescence microscopy is a well-suited method for monitoring Cd2+ in biological samples. This chapter summarizes design principles of small molecule fluorescent sensors for Cd2+ detection in aqueous solution and their photophysical and metal-binding properties. Also the applications of probes for fluorescence imaging of Cd2+ in a variety of cell types are demonstrated.

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Abbreviations

ALS:

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

AM:

acetoxymethyl

ATSDR:

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

BAPTA:

bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid

BODIPY:

4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene

C120:

7-amino-4-methyl-coumarin

CHO:

Chinese hamster ovary

Cys:

cysteine

DBI:

5-dimethylamino-2-(2-pyridinyl)-benzoimidazole

DC:

dendritic cell

DPA:

di(2-picolyl)amine

EPA:

Environmental Protection Agency

FAD:

flavin adenine dinucleotide

GSH:

glutathione

HEPES:

4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid

HUVEC:

human umbilical vein endothelial cell

ICT:

intramolecular charge transfer

MOPS:

3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid

MRI:

magnetic resonance imaging

NADH:

reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NIR:

near-infrared

PCT:

photoinduced charge transfer

PET:

photoinduced electron transfer

PI:

propidium iodide

PPT:

photoinduced proton transfer

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

TPEN:

N,N,N’,N’-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine

Tris:

2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-propane-1,3-diol

YC:

Yellow Cameleon

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Acknowledgment

This work was financially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) (No.17750155 to M.T.) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies and Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan

    Masayasu Taki

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  1. Masayasu Taki
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Correspondence to Masayasu Taki .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Inorganic Chemistry, Chemistry, Universität Basel, Spitalstr. 51, Basel, 4056, Basel Stadt, Switzerland

    Astrid Sigel

  2. Inst. Anorganische Chemie, Universität Basel, Spitalstr. 51, Basel, 4056, Switzerland

    Helmut Sigel

  3. Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland

    Roland KO Sigel

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Taki, M. (2013). Imaging and Sensing of Cadmium in Cells. In: Sigel, A., Sigel, H., Sigel, R. (eds) Cadmium: From Toxicity to Essentiality. Metal Ions in Life Sciences, vol 11. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5179-8_5

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