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A Structural Perspective on Respiratory Complex I pp 123–143Cite as

Recruitment of the Antiporter Module – A Key Event in Complex I Evolution

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Abstract

It has long been known that NADH:quinone oxidoreductase or complex I is composed of proteins homologous to other smaller enzymes, electron carriers and transporters. By understanding the recruitment process of each of the smaller functional units, their individual functions and at what stage of complex I building the different functions were needed, we can also better understand the current functional mechanism of this large and intricate molecular machine. This work is focused on the role of the ion translocation proteins, important components of the energy coupling mechanism. We postulate that only one ion transporter protein is actually used for pumping protons in present day complex I, whereas the other two ion transporter proteins form a unit that is used to modulate the output from the proton pumping engine. When recruited to primordial complex I, the modulator unit allowed the proton pumping engine to adapt the stoichiometric output depending on the amount of energy available in different redox couple substrates. This critical step made the emerging complex I a vastly more useful and versatile enzyme, ensuring its evolutionary success. Today, when many members of the complex I family reside in more constant environments and need to use only a limited number of substrates, the most important function of the modulator unit is to function as an antiporter, regulating which type of ion gradient is maintained across the membrane.

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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University, 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden

    Vamsi Krishna Moparthi & Cecilia Hägerhäll

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  1. Vamsi Krishna Moparthi
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  2. Cecilia Hägerhäll
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Correspondence to Cecilia Hägerhäll .

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  1. , Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Medical Research Council, Hills road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom

    Leonid Sazanov

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Moparthi, V.K., Hägerhäll, C. (2012). Recruitment of the Antiporter Module – A Key Event in Complex I Evolution. In: Sazanov, L. (eds) A Structural Perspective on Respiratory Complex I. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4138-6_7

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