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Nitric Oxide is a Bioproduct in Prokaryotes

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The Biology of Subcellular Nitric Oxide

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Abstract

It was known since the 1960’s that various denitrifying bacteria generate NO as an intermediate product of their dissimilatory NO3 − metabolism (Mar Biol 1:136–139, 1967; J Bacteriol 106:356–361, 1971; Appl Environ Microbiol 31:504–508, 1976). Today several prokaryote species are known as NO producers; many of them synthesize NO by reduction of NO2 −, while others contain NOS-like enzymes and show oxidative NO generation from L-arginine or Nω-hydroxy-L-arginine (Arch Microbiol 160:253–264, 1993; Trends Microbiol 17:212–218, 2009; Annu Rev Biochem 79:445–470, 2010). Various ecological niches house these NO producer prokaryotes: marine environments (Int J Syst Bacteriol 33:857–865, 1983; Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55:919–924, 2005; Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56:2153–2156, 2006; Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 104:678–682, 2009; Res Microbiol 161:604–612, 2010), poorly ventilated or flooded soils (Mol Biol Rev 61:533–616, 1997), contaminated and eutrophized waters (Shapleigh J The denitrifying prokaryotes. In: Dworkin M, Falkow S, Rosenberg E, Schleifer K-H, Stackebrandt E (eds) The Prokaryotes. Springer, New York, pp. 769–792, 2006; Water Environ Res 79:2499–2509, 2007; Water Res 42:812–826, 2008), fermented meat or milk products (J Bacteriol 179:7812–7815, 1997; Eur Food Res Technol 223:35–38, 2006; Int J Food Microbiol 120:303–310, 2007) and the surface of mucosal barriers (New Horiz 3:352–364, 1995; Inflammation 21:443–450, 1997) are all colonized by NO synthesizing bacteria.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Mitochondria of fungi also contain denitrifying enzymes.

  2. 2.

    The literature uses the “Nos” abbreviation to indicate nitrous oxide reductase. However we have reserved the “NOS” acronym for NO-synthase in this book. To avoid the confusion of these two distinct enzymes, we have applied the “N2OR” abbreviation for nitrous oxide reductase.

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  1. Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain

    Tamás Rőszer

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Rőszer, T. (2012). Nitric Oxide is a Bioproduct in Prokaryotes. In: The Biology of Subcellular Nitric Oxide. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2819-6_2

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