Abstract
Irrigated agriculture is a vital component of total agriculture that supplies many of the fruits, vegetables, and cereal foods, the grains fed to animals used as human food, and the feed to sustain work animals in many parts of the world. Consequently, agriculture is the largest user of fresh water globally, and irrigation practices sometimes are biologically, economically, and socially unsustainable: wasting water, energy, and money; drying up rivers and lakes; reducing crop yields; harming fish and wildlife; and causing water pollution. There is an urgent need to reduce the amount of water used by producing more food, profits, livelihoods, and ecological benefits at lower social and environmental costs. To ensure sustainable irrigation the conditions under which crops grow should remain stable over a prolonged period. At the same time, soil degradation (salt accumulation), mining of the ground water aquifers, and the negative impact of drainage water on the downstream environment should be minimized. Water management should therefore balance the need of water for agriculture and the need for a sustainable environment. Consequently, irrigation has to be closely linked with water-use efficiency with the aim of boosting productivity and improving food quality, especially in those areas where problems of water shortages or collection and delivery are widespread. Certain improvements are possible through deficit-irrigation strategies, which have been proved to be sustainable, avoiding irrational application of water. Currently, agriculture is undergoing significant changes in innovative irrigation, fertilizer technology, and agronomic expertise. These elements constitute a vital platform for sustainable agricultural success and for preventing environmental impairment. The following book presents several processes and their link with environmental irrigation, balancing environmental protection with improved agricultural production. Thus, sustainable irrigation must be based on applying uniform and precise amounts of water, based on rational agricultural knowledge of the plant’s water needs.
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Acknowledgments
Partly of the research work leading to this publication was sponsored by the following research projects “Hydrological and erosive processes, and biomass assessment and organic carbon sequestering under different land uses in the Mediterranean agrarian watershed El Salado, Lanjaron” (SE Spain) (RTA2007-00008-00-00) and “Strategies for the improvement irrigation management under climatic change. Integration of modelling techniques and deficit irrigation strategies” (RTA2008-00006-CO2-02) both granted by INIA, Spain, and cofinanced by FEDER funds (European Union).
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García-Tejero, I.F., Durán-Zuazo, V.H., Muriel-Fernández, J.L., Rodríguez-Pleguezuelo, C.R. (2011). Water and Sustainable Agriculture. In: Water and Sustainable Agriculture. SpringerBriefs in Agriculture. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2091-6_1
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