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Pharmacokinetics of Anticancer Materia Medica in Humans

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Book cover Materia Medica for Various Cancers

Part of the book series: Evidence-based Anticancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine ((ACAM,volume 2))

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Abstract

A number of herbal medicines are increasingly used in cancer patients, despite the fact that the clinical evidence that support the use of these herbal medicines to fight cancer is weak or lacking. Pharmacokinetic studies have been integrated into modern drug development, but they are generally not needed for anticancer herbal remedies. For the majority of anticancer herbal medicines, data on their pharmacokinetic properties in humans are lacking or scant. An extensive literature search indicates that there are limited data on the pharmacokinetic properties of anticancer herbal medicines in humans, and these studies are mainly focused on a small number of herbal medicines including curcumin, ginseng, ginkgo, ginger and milk thistle that have shown some promising benefits in cancer patients. For example, the human study has showed that 6-, 8-, 10-gingerol, and 6-shogaol from ginger are rapidly absorbed and eliminated with an elimination half-lives of 75–120 min at a 2 g dose. Following administration of resveratrol to humans, at least six metabolites are recovered from plasma and urine. In cancer patients receiving silibinin formulated with phosphatidylcholine, silibinin glucuronides and sulfates are detected in plasma. Both the dose levels and pharmacokinetic processes of active herbal components in the body govern the target-site concentrations and thus the anticancer effect of herbal medicines. In this regard, a safe and optimal use of anticancer herbal medicines requires a full understanding of their pharmacokinetic profiles. To optimize the use of anticancer herbal remedies, further studies to explore their pharmacokinetic properties in humans are certainly warranted.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA

    Shu-Feng Zhou

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Correspondence to Shu-Feng Zhou .

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  1. Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Clinical Oncology, Room 1305, 13/F, Block R, Gascoigne Road 30, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China, People's Republic

    William C.S. Cho

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Zhou, SF. (2012). Pharmacokinetics of Anticancer Materia Medica in Humans. In: Cho, W. (eds) Materia Medica for Various Cancers. Evidence-based Anticancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1983-5_16

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