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Susceptibility and Response of Pines to Sirex noctilio

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Book cover The Sirex Woodwasp and its Fungal Symbiont:

Abstract

Sirex noctilio uses an unusual, two-component approach to kill pine trees and provide a source of nutrition for its developing larvae. A substantial amount of research was undertaken in the 1960s and 1970s to examine the mechanisms by which these two components – a mucus produced in the woodwasp acid – (venom) gland, and a pathogenic fungus, Amylostereum areolatum, both of which are introduced into trees during oviposition – contribute to the death of trees. This chapter reviews the effects that the woodwasp mucus was shown to have when introduced to trees in the absence of the fungus, including resinosis, premature senescence and abscission of needles, and collapse of parenchymal cells with consequent loss of photosynthate translocation, as well as changes in respiration, and reduced growth rates. The effects seen in trees that were artificially inoculated with A. areolatum, including increased ethylene production and the induction of polyphenol biosynthesis, are also reviewed. Also discussed are the roles played by tree health and environmental stresses in determining overall susceptibility of host trees to attack by S. noctilio. These past observations are placed within the context of our current understanding of plant defense responses to attack by insects and pathogens, and a number of promising areas for future research are highlighted.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge support from the Georgia Traditional Industries Program for Forest Resources and Products (TIP-FRP) and the USDA/CSREES McIntire-Stennis Program (GEOZ-0154-MS).

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  1. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, USA

    John M. Bordeaux & Jeffrey F. D. Dean

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Correspondence to Jeffrey F. D. Dean .

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  1. Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Cnr Lynnwood and University Roads, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa

    Bernard Slippers

  2. , Great Lakes Forest Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Fores, Queen St East 1219, SAULT STE MARIE, P6A 2E5, Ontario, Canada

    Peter de Groot

  3. , Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology, University of Pretoria, Cnr Lynnwood and University Roads, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa

    Michael John Wingfield

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Bordeaux, J.M., Dean, J.F.D. (2012). Susceptibility and Response of Pines to Sirex noctilio . In: Slippers, B., de Groot, P., Wingfield, M. (eds) The Sirex Woodwasp and its Fungal Symbiont:. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1960-6_3

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