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Anoxia pp 369–401Cite as

Meiobenthos of the Oxic/Anoxic Interface in the Southwestern Region of the Black Sea: Abundance and Taxonomic Composition

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Part of the book series: Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology ((COLE,volume 21))

Abstract

The Black Sea contains the World’s largest body of anoxic water. Based on new and published data, we describe trends among selected protozoan and metazoan meiofaunal taxa at water depths of 120–240 m in the northwestern part of the Black Sea near the submarine Dnieper Canyon. This transect spans the transition between increasingly hypoxic but non-sulfidic bottom water and the deeper anoxic/sulfidic zone, the boundary between these two domains being located at approximately 150–180 m depth. This transition zone supports a rich rose-Bengal-stained fauna. Among the protozoans, gromiids are common only at 120 and 130 m. All other groups exhibit more or less distinct abundance maxima near the base of the hypoxic zone. Foraminifera peak sharply at ∼160 m while ciliates are most abundant at 120, 160–190, and 240 m, where they are possibly associated with concentrations of bacterial cells. The three most abundant metazoan taxa also exhibit maxima in the hypoxic zone, the nematodes and polychaetes at 160 m, and the harpacticoid copepods at 150 m. Most of the polychaetes belong to two species, Protodrilus sp. and Vigtorniella zaikai, the larvae of which are widely distributed in severely hypoxic water just above the anoxic/sulfidic zone of the Black Sea. Both protozoans and metazoans are usually concentrated in the 0–1 cm layer of the sediment, except at the shallowest (120–130 m) site where deeper layers may yield a substantial proportion of the assemblage. The concentration of nematodes in the 3–5 cm layer at 120 m is particularly notable. Our data suggest that some benthic species can tolerate anoxic/sulfidic conditions in the Black Sea. An important caveat is that anoxia or severe hypoxia may lead to the corpses of nonindigenous organisms being preserved in our samples. However, we argue that the morphological integrity of specimens, the high population densities (associated with high bacterial concentrations in the case of ciliates), the presence of taxa often found in hypoxic settings, and the presence of all life stages (including gravid females) among nematodes and harpacticoids, suggests that at least some of the organisms are indigenous. Further comparative studies of shallow- and deep-water meiobenthic communities in the Black Sea are necessary in order to establish which species are characteristic and indicative of hypoxic/anoxic conditions.

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Acknowledgements

A part of this work was supported from EC 7th FP project HYPOX 226213 and 6th FP project HERMES GOCE-CT-2005-511324. AJG was supported by the Oceans 2025 project funded by the Natural Environment Research Council, UK, and the Collaborative Project HERMIONE (contract number 226354) funded under the European Commission’s Framework seven program. We thank an anonymous reviewer for detailed comments that helped to improve the paper ­considerably. We are grateful to Professor Antje Boetius for providing an opportunity to participate in RV Meteor cruise 72/2 and RV M.S. Merian cruise 15/1, and Katerina Ivanova for sample collection, Felix Janssen for help with the O2 and H2S data, and Evgenia Babich for support in preparing the figures.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas NASU, Sevastopol, Ukraine

    Nelli G. Sergeeva, Sofia A. Mazlumyan, Elena A. Kolesnikova, Tetiana N. Kosheleva & Oksana V. Anikeeva

  2. National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK

    Andrew J. Gooday

  3. Max-Planck-Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany

    Anna Lichtschlag

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  1. Nelli G. Sergeeva
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Correspondence to Nelli G. Sergeeva .

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  1. , Dept. for Earth and Environmental Resear, Ludwig-maximilians-University, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, Munich, 80333, Germany

    Alexander V. Altenbach

  2. , Geology & Geophysics Department, Wood Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole Road 266, Woods Hole, 02543, Massachusetts, USA

    Joan M. Bernhard

  3. Jerusalem, The Hebrew University Of, P.O.Box 1132, Efrat, 90435, Israel

    Joseph Seckbach

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Sergeeva, N.G. et al. (2012). Meiobenthos of the Oxic/Anoxic Interface in the Southwestern Region of the Black Sea: Abundance and Taxonomic Composition. In: Altenbach, A., Bernhard, J., Seckbach, J. (eds) Anoxia. Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology, vol 21. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1896-8_20

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