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Benthic Foraminifera: Inhabitants of Low-Oxygen Environments

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Part of the book series: Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology ((COLE,volume 21))

Abstract

Benthic foraminifera, single-celled eukaryotes, constitute a significant part of the living community in low-oxygen or even oxygen-depleted marine environments. Although the diversity is typically low and the dominance high, selected species appears to thrive in such “hostile” environments. In this chapter, the spatial distribution of modern benthic foraminifera, inhabiting the low-oxygen environments from the eutrophic, hypoxic continental shelf settings to the deep ocean oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), is discussed and typical assemblage composition outlined. Furthermore, the in-sediment distribution, or foraminiferal microhabitat, is summarized, and focus is given on species encountered in the deeper hypoxic and anoxic sediment units. Finally, current laboratory experiments and survival strategies including nitrate storage and the physiological role of chloroplasts and bacterial husbandry of foraminifera living in low-oxygen environments are discussed. Recent advances in our understanding of the foraminiferal role in the marine N-cycle and future directions in foraminiferal ecology studies are also addressed.

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Acknowledgments

We are very grateful to Nils Risgaard-Petersen for his always inspiring, fruitful, and enthusiastic support in our joint collaboration in the role of benthic foraminifera in the N-cycle. We also acknowledge our colleagues Emmanuelle Geslin, Frans Jorissen, and Tomas Cedhagen for their help with an earlier version of Table 1. Tom Jilbert is thanked for proofreading and general comments regarding the structure of the chapter.

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  1. Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Karoliina A. Koho

  2. Center for Geomicrobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark

    Elisa Piña-Ochoa

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  1. Karoliina A. Koho
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Correspondence to Karoliina A. Koho .

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  1. , Dept. for Earth and Environmental Resear, Ludwig-maximilians-University, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, Munich, 80333, Germany

    Alexander V. Altenbach

  2. , Geology & Geophysics Department, Wood Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole Road 266, Woods Hole, 02543, Massachusetts, USA

    Joan M. Bernhard

  3. Jerusalem, The Hebrew University Of, P.O.Box 1132, Efrat, 90435, Israel

    Joseph Seckbach

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Koho, K.A., Piña-Ochoa, E. (2012). Benthic Foraminifera: Inhabitants of Low-Oxygen Environments. In: Altenbach, A., Bernhard, J., Seckbach, J. (eds) Anoxia. Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology, vol 21. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1896-8_14

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