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Biomateriomics pp 173–211Cite as

Experimental Approaches

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Part of the book series: Springer Series in Materials Science ((SSMATERIALS,volume 165))

Abstract

System characterization through experimental means is the most common (and successful) approach to extract mechanical properties, performance, and behavior from complex biological systems. Experiment—as opposed to simulation, modeling, and theory—has the intrinsic advantage of not requiring any assumptions about material structure. Here, we review common experimental techniques that span scales from nano to macro. Multiple scales are discussed, encompassing single molecule assays (e.g., through optical tweezers) that probe molecular mechanics and reaction pathways, to the many uses of atomic force microscopy (such as protein stretching or bending), to microscale techniques applied to cells (e.g., micropipette aspiration) and tissues (e.g., nanoindentation). A well equipped materiomics “toolbox” is necessary to further our understanding of how the mechanical behavior of a material affects its biological function.

Measure what is measurable, and make measurable what is not so.

Galileo Galilei (1564–1642)

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Notes

  1. 1.

    A branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. An image of the surface is obtained by mechanically moving the probe line by line and recording the probe-surface interaction as a function of position.

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    Steven W. Cranford & Markus J. Buehler

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Cranford, S.W., Buehler, M.J. (2012). Experimental Approaches. In: Biomateriomics. Springer Series in Materials Science, vol 165. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1611-7_5

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