Abstract
Interdependencies between fertility and women’s employment in post-socialist countries are largely unexplored. In fact, in our meta-study presented in Chapter 5 we located only two empirical studies that employed longitudinal perspective to investigate the micro-level relationship between the two variables. These two studies provide evidence contrary to what was found for Western Europe. Even though the institutional, structural, and cultural incompatibilities between childbearing and women’s labour supply in CEE are exceptionally strong, the micro-level relationship between the two variables is not significantly negative. One reason for this state of affairs can be that we simply located too few studies for post-socialist countries and that the other would yield strongly negative effect sizes. Another explanation is that there are some other country-specific factors despite the incompatibilities between work and care that affect women’s fertility and employment decisions and these factors play a particularly important role in the CEE setting.
A shorter version of this chapter was published as a research article: Matysiak, A. (2009). Employment first, then childbearing: Women’s strategy in post-socialist Poland. Population Studies: A Journal of Demography, 63(3), 253–276, published by Taylor and Francis, Ltd http://www.informaworld.com.
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Notes
- 1.
The empirical study presented in this Chapter was also published as a research article in Population Studies (see Matysiak, 2009).
- 2.
See Appendix, Table A.1 for detailed information on the survey.
- 3.
In fact, the coverage rate for children aged 3–6 has been continuously increasing since 1992, but this effect is entirely caused by a decline in the number of children.
- 4.
In 2008, maternity leave was prolonged to 18 weeks upon first birth and 20 weeks upon higher-order birth; in 2009 it was further prolonged to 20 weeks, irrespectively of birth order. It is longer in case of a multiple birth.
- 5.
In 1999, the leave was extended to 20 weeks and in 2001 to 26 weeks.
- 6.
The data come from a representative survey, ‘Reconciliation of family and work’ carried out in 2005 on the LFS sample (see Appendix, Table A.1).
- 7.
The provided percentages are computed by Matysiak (2007a, 2007b) based on three representative surveys conducted in the second quarter 2005: the Polish Labour Force Survey, the ‘Reconciliation of family and work’ (N = 37,849 aged 15–64) and the ‘Reconciling family, work and education’ (N = 5,564 aged 18–64) – see Appendix, Table A.1 for more information on the surveys.
- 8.
The data come from the Eurostat Statistics Database.
- 9.
Author’s calculation based on CSO data.
- 10.
According to the LFS data, in 1992 the percentage of university graduates among persons aged 25–34 amounted to 8.7 for women and 7.1 for men. In 2006 these figures were 33.1 and 22.1, respectively.
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Matysiak, A. (2011). Women’s Employment in Post-Socialist Poland: A Barrier or a Pre-condition to Childbearing?. In: Interdependencies Between Fertility and Women's Labour Supply. European Studies of Population, vol 17. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1284-3_6
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