Abstract
The term heteromorphism is especially applicable to normal variants observed by chromosome banding techniques. However, normal variations in morphology in certain regions of the human genome were noted even before the advent of chromosome banding. In the first Conference on Standardization in Human Cytogenetics in Denver in 1960 (Denver Conference, Lancet 1:1063–1065, 1960/1966), chromosomes were divided into Groups A-G based on their relative sizes and positions of the centromeres. The X chromosome fell somewhere in the C-group. The Y was distinguishable from the G-group by its lack of satellites and somewhat distinctive morphology. At the London Conference in 1963 (London Conference Cytogenetics, 2:264–268, 1963), prominent secondary constrictions were identified near the centromeres in the no. 1 chromosome pair in the A- group, in a chromosome pair (no. 9) in the C-group and in a pair (no. 16) in the E-group. By the Chicago Conference in 1966 (Chicago Conference, The National Foundation, New York, 1966), it was generally recognized that these regions and the Y varied in length, and that there were morphological variations in the short arms of the D- and G-group chromosomes.
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Wyandt, H.E., Tonk, V.S. (2011). Chromosome Heteromorphism. In: Human Chromosome Variation: Heteromorphism and Polymorphism. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0896-9_2
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