Abstract
In this Chapter, we discuss recent advances in the role of plant hormones in the molecular mechanisms underlying feeding cell formation both by cyst (CN) and root-knot nematodes (RKN). Phytohormones are small signalling molecules that regulate plant growth and development, including the formation of highly specialized root structures like nematode feeding cells. High-throughput transcriptome profiling has facilitated the identification of an increasing number of novel hormone related genes that are differentially expressed during feeding cell development. Together with dedicated functional studies, a picture has emerged which points to plant hormones playing an important role in the reprogramming of gene expression patterns upon nematode infection. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the role of classical plant hormones, including cytokinin, auxin and ethylene, in the establishment of nematode-induced regulatory networks upon infection of plant roots. We also discuss the role of small peptides as a novel class in plant hormone signalling during feeding cell formation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abad P, Gouzy, J, Aury JM, Castagnone-Sereno P, Danchin EG, Deleury E, Perfus-Barbeoch L, Anthouard V, Artiguenave F, Blok VC, Caillaud MC, Coutinho PM, Dasilva C, De Luca F, DeauF, Esquibet M, Flutre T, Goldstone JV, Hamamouch N, Hewezi T, Jaillon O, Jubin C, Leonetti P, Magliano M, Maier TR, Markov GV, McVeigh P, Pesole G, Poulain J, Robinson-Rechavi M, Sallet E, Ségurens B, Steinbach D, Tytgat T, Ugarte E, van Ghelder C, Veronico P, Baum TJ, Blaxter M, Bleve-Zacheo T, Davis EL, Ewbank JJ, Favery B, Grenier E, Henrissat B, Jones JT, Laudet V, Maule AG, Quesneville H, Rosso MN, Schiex T, Smant G, Weissenbach J, Wincker P (2008) Genome sequence of the metazoan plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Nat Biotech 26:909–915
Abel S, Theologis A (1996) Early genes and auxin action. Plant Physiol 111:9–17
Abeles FB, Morgan PW, Saltveit ME Jr (1992) Ethylene in plant biology, 2nd edn. Academic Press, NewYork
Abel S, Nguyen MD, Chow W, Theologis A (1995) ACS4, a primary indole-acitic acid-responsive gene encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Chem 27:19093–19099
Alonso JM, Hirayama T, Roman G, Nourizadeh S, Ecker JR (1999) EIN2, a bifunctional transducer of ethylene and stress responses in Arabidopsis. Science 284:2148–2152
Balasubramaniam M, Rangaswami G (1962) Presence of indole compounds in nematode galls. Nature 194:714–715
Bers NEM van (2008) Characterization of genes coding for small hypervariable peptides in Globodera rostochiensis. PhD thesis. Wageningen, The Netherlands
Bird AF (1975) Symbiotic relationships between nematodes and plants. Symp Soc Exp Bio 29:351–371
Bird AF, Loveys BR (1980) The involvement of cytokinins in a host-parasite relationship between the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and a nematode (Meloidogyne javanica). Parasitology 80:497–505
Bird DMcK (1996) Manipulation of host gene expression by root-knot nematodes. J Parasitol 82:881–888
Bird DMcK (2004) Signaling between nematodes and plants. Curr Opin Plant Biol 7:372–376
Butenko MA, Vie AK, Brembu T, Aalen RB, Bones AM (2009) Plant peptides in signalling: looking for new partners. Trends Plant Sci 14:255–263
Buzasa DM, Gresshoff PM (2007) Short- and long-distance control of root development by LjHAR1 during the juvenile stage of Lotus japonicus. J Plant Physiol 164:52–459
Carles CC, Fletcher JC (2003) Shoot apical meristem maintenance: the art of a dynamic balance. Trends Plant Sci 8:394–401
Chae HS, Faure F, Kieber JJ (2003) The eto1,eto2, and eto3 mutations and cytokinin treatment increase ethylene biosynthesis in Arabidopsis by increasing the stability of ACS proteins. Plant Cell 15:545–559
Chang C, Kwok SF, Bleecker AB, Meyerowitz EM (1993) Arabidopsis ethylene-response gene ETR1: similarity of product to two-component regulators. Science 262:539–545
Chapman EJ, Estelle M (2009) Mechanism of auxin-regulated gene expression in plants. Ann Rev Genet 43:265–285
Clark SE (2001) Cell signalling at the shoot meristem. Nat Rev 2:276–284
Clark SE, Jacobsen SE, Levin JZ, Meyerowitz EM (1996) The CLAVATA and SHOOT MERISTEMLESS loci competitively regulate meristem activity in Arabidopsis. Development 122:1567–1575
D’Agostino IB, Kieber JJ (1999) Phosphorelay signal transduction: the emerging family of plant response regulators. Trends Biochem Sci 24:452–456
Davies PJ (1995) The plant hormones: their nature, occurrence and functions. In: Davies PJ (ed) Plant hormones: physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology. Kluwer Academic, The Netherlands, pp. 1–12
Davis EL, Hussey RS, Mitchum MG, Baum TJ (2008) Parasitism proteins in nematode-plant interactions. Curr Opin Plant Biol 11:360–366
De Almeida Engler J, Vleesschauwer VD, Burssens S, Celenza JL Jr, Inzé D, Van Montagu M, Engler G, Gheysen G (1999) Molecular markers and cell cycle inhibitors show the importance of cell cycle progression in nematode-induced galls and syncytia. Plant Cell 11:793–807
de Meutter J, Tytgat T, Witters E, Gheysen G, van Onckelen H, Gheysen G (2003) Identification of cytokinins produced by the plant parasitic nematodes Heterodera schachtii and Meloidogyne incognita. Mol Plant Pathol 4:271–277
de Meutter J, Tytgat T, Prinsen E, Gheysen G, van Onckelen H, Gheysen G (2005) Production of auxin and related compounds by the plant parasitic nematodes Heterodera schachtii and Meloidogyne incognita. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 70:51–60
Dintilhac A, Bernués J (2002) HMGB1 interacts with many apparently unrelated proteins by recognizing short amino acid sequences. J Biol Chem 277:7021–7028
Dropkin VH (1969) The necrotic reaction of tomatoes and other hosts resistant to Meloidogyne: reversal by temperature. Phytopathology 59:1632–1637
Dropkin VH, Helgeson JP, Upper CD (1969) The hypersensitivity reaction of tomato resistant to Meloidogyne incognita: Reversal by cytokinins. J Nematol 1:55–61
Dun EA, Brewer PB, Beveridge CA (2009) Strigolactones: discovery of the elusive shoot branching hormone. Trends Plant Sci 14:364–372
Fiers M, Golemiec E, Xu J, van der Geest L, Heidstra R, Stiekema W, Liu CM (2005) The 14-amino acid CLV3, CLE19, and CLE40 peptides trigger consumption of the root meristem in Arabidopsis through a CLAVATA2-dependent pathway. Plant Cell 17:2542–2553
Francis D, Sorrel DA (2001) The interface between the cell cycle and plant growth regulators: a mini review. J Plant Growth Regul 33:1–12
Friml J (2010) Subcellular trafficking of PIN auxin efflux carriers in auxin transport. Eur J Cell Biology 89:231–235
Fuller VL, Lilley CJ, Atkinson HJ, Urwin PE (2007) Differential expression in Arabidopsis following infection by plant-parasitic nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and Heterodera schachtii. Mol Plant Pathol 8:595–609
Gao B, Allen R, Maier T, Davis EL, Baum TJ, Hussey RS (2001) Identification of putative parasitsm genes expressed in the esophageal glands of the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 14:1247–1254
Gheysen G, Mitchum MG (2009) Molecular insights in the susceptible plant response to nematode infection. In: Berg RH, Taylor CG (eds) Cell biology of plant nematode parasitism. Plant cell Monographs. Springer, New York, p 45
Glazer I, Orion D, Apelbaum A (1983) Interrelationships between ethylene production, gall formation, and root-knot nematode development in tomato plants infected with Meloidogyne javanica. J Nematol 15:539–544
Glazer I, Apelbaum A, Orion D (1985) Effect of inhibitors and stimulators of ethylene production on gall development in Meloidogyne javanica-infected tomato roots. J Nematol 17:145–149
Goodey JB (1948) The galls caused by Anguillulina balsamophila (Thorne) Goodey on the leaves of Wyethia amplexicaulis Nutt and Balsamorhiza sagittata. J Helminthol 22:109–116
Goverse A, Rouppe van der Voort J, Roupe van der Voort C, Kavelaars A, Smant G, Schots A, Bakker J, Helder J (1999) Naturally-induced secretions of the potato cyst nematode co-stimulate the proliferation of both tobacco leaf protoplasts and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 12:872–881
Goverse A, de Almeida Engler J, Verhees J, Krol van der S, Helder J, Gheysen G (2000a) Cell cycle activation by plant-parasitic nematodes. Plant Mol Biol 43:747–761
Goverse A, Overmars H, Engelbertink J, Schots A, Bakker J, Helder J (2000b) Both induction and morphogenesis of cyst nematode feeding cells are mediated by auxin. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 13:1121–1129
Grun S, Lindermayr C, Sell S, Durner J (2006) Nitric oxide and gene regulation in plants. J Exp Bot 57:507–516
Grunewald W, Karimi M, Wieczorek K, Van de Capelle E, Grundler F, Beeckman T, Inze D, Gheysen G (2008) A role for AtWRKY23 in feeding site establishment of plant-parasitic nematodes. Plant Physiol 148:358–368
Grunewald W, Cannoot B, Friml J, Gheysen G (2009a) Parasitic nematodes modulate PIN-mediated auxin transport to facilitate infection. PLOS Pathogens 5:e1000266
Grunewald W, Van Noorden G, Van Listerdael G, Beeckman T, Gheysen G (2009b) Manipulation of auxin transport in plant roots during rhizobium symbiosis and nematode parasitism. Plant Cell 21:2553–2562
Guilfoyle TJ, Ulmasov T, Hagen G (1998) The ARF family of transcription factors and their role in plant hormone-responsive transcription. Cell Mol Life Sci 54:619–627
Hermsmeier D, Mazarei M, Baum TJ (1998) Differential display analysis of the compatible interacttion between soybean and the soybean cyst nematode. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 11:1258–1263
Hermsmeier D, Hart JK, Byzova M, Rodermel SR, Baum TJ (2000) Changes in mRNA abundance within Heterodera schachtii-infected roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 13:309–315
Hirano K, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Matska M (2008) GID1-mediated gibberellin signalling in plants. Trends Plant Sci 13:192–199
Hirayama T, Shimozaki K (2007) Perception and transduction of abscisic acid signals: keys to the function of the versatile plant hormone ABA. Trends Plant Sci 12:343–351
Hirsch S, Kim J, Muñoz A, Heckmann AB, Downie JA, Oldroyd GE (2009) GRAS proteins form a DNA binding complex to induce gene expression during nodulation signaling in Medicago truncatula. Plant Cell 21:545–557
Hobe M, Müller R, Grünewald M, Brand U, Simon R (2003) Loss of CLE40, a protein functionally equivalent to the stem cell restricting signal CLV3, enhances root waving in Arabidopsis. Dev Genes Evol 213:371–381
Huang G, Gao B, Maier T, Allen R, Davis EL, Baum TJ, Hussey RS (2003) A profile of putative parasitism genes expressed in the esophageal gland cells of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 16:376–381
Huang G, Dong R, Allen R, Davis EL, Baum TJ, Hussey RS (2006) A root-knot nematode secretory peptide functions as a ligand for a plant transcription factor. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 19:463–470
Hutangura P, Matthesius U, Jones MGK, Rolfe BG (1999) Auxin induction is a trigger for root gall formation caused by root-knot nematodes in white clover and is associated with the activation of the flavonoid pathway. Aust J Plant Physiol 26:221–231
Ithal N, Recknor J, Nettleton D, Maier T, Baum TJ, Mitchum MG (2007a) Developmental transcript profiling of cyst nematode feeding cells in soybean roots. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 20:10–25
Ithal N, Recknor J, Nettleton D, Hearne L, Maier T, Baum TJ, Mitchum MG (2007b) Parallel genome-wide expression profiling of host and pathogen during soybean cyst nematode infection of soybean. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 20:293–305
Jammes F, Lecomte TN, Almeida-Engler J, Bitton F, Martin-Magniette ML, Renou JP, Abad P, Favery B (2005) Genome-wide expression profiling of the host response to root-knot nematode infection in Arabidopsis. Plant J 4:447–458
Jones MGK (1981) Host cell responses to endoparasitic nematode attack: structure and function of giant-cells and syncytia. Ann Appl Biol 97:353–372
Jones JT, Furlanetto C, Bakker E, Banks B, Blok V, Chen Q, Phillips MS, Prior A (2003) Characterization of a chorismate mutase from the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida. Mol Plant Pathol 4:43–50
Jones JT, Furlanetto C, Phillips MS (2007) The role of flavonoids produced in response to cyst nematode infection of Arabidopsis thaliana. Nematology 9:671–677
Karczmarek A, Overmars H, Helder J, Goverse A (2004) Feeding cell development by cyst and root-knot nematodes involves a similar early, local and transient activation of a specific auxin-inducible promoter element. Mol Plant Pathology 5:343–346
Karczmarek A, Fudali S, Lichocka M, Sobzcak M, Kurek W, Janakoski S, Roosien J, Golinowski W, Bakker J, Goverse A, Helder J (2008) Expression of two functionally distinct plant endo-beta-1,4-glucanases is essential for the compatible interaction between potato cyst nematode and its hosts. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 21:791–798
Kinoshita A, Nakamura Y, Sasaki E, Kyozuka J, Fukuda H, Sawa S (2007) Gain-of-Function Phenotypes of Chemically Synthetic CLAVATA3/ESR-Related (CLE) Peptides in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. Plant Cell Physiol 48:1821–1825.
Koltai H, Dhandaydham M, Opperman C, Tomas J, Bird D (2001) Overlapping plant signal transduction pathways induced by a parasitic nematode and a rhizobial endosymbiont. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 14:1168–1177
Krupasagar V, Barker KR (1969) Increased cytokinin concentrations in tobacco infected with the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Phytopathology 56:885
Li Y, Fester T, Taylor C (2009) Transcriptomic analysis of nematode infestation. In: Berg RH, Taylor CG (eds) Cell biology of plant nematode parasitism. Plant cell Monographs.Springer, New York, p 189
Lin Z, Zhong S, Grierson D (2009) Recent advances in ethylene research. J Exp Bot 60:3311–3336
Loake G, Grant M (2007) Salicylic acid in plant defence-the players and protagonists. Curr Opin Plant Biol 10:466–472
Lohar DP, Bird DMcK (2003) Lotus japonicus: A new model to study root-parasitic nematodes. Plant Cell Physiol 44:1176–1184
Lohar DP, Schaff JE, Laskey JG, Kieber JJ, Bilyeu KD, Bird DMcK (2004) Cytokinins play opposite roles in lateral root formation, and nematode and rhizobial symbioses. Plant J 38:203–214
Lu SW, Chen S, Wang J, Yu H, Chronis D, Mitchum MG, Wang X (2009) Structural and functional diversity of CLAVATA3/ESR (CLE)-like genes from the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 22:1128–1142
Mathesius U (2003) Conservation and divergence of signalling pathways between roots and soil microbes—the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis compared to the development of lateral roots, mycorrhizal interactions and nematode-induced galls. Plant Soil 255:105–119
Mazarei M, Puthoff DP, Hart JK, Rodermel SR, Baum TJ (2002) Identification and characterization of a soybean ethylene-responsive element-binding protein gene whose mRNA expression changes during soybean cyst nematode infection. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 15:577–586
Mazarei M, Elling AA, Maier TR, Puthoff DP, Baum TJ (2007) GmEREBP1 is a transcription factor activating defense genes in soybean and Arabidopsis. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 20:107–119
McGurl B, Pearce G, Orozco-Cardenas M, Ryan CA (1992) Structure, expression, and antisense inhibition of the systemin precursor gene. Science 255:1570–1573
Mitchum MG, Wang X-H, Davis EL (2008) Diverse and conserved roles of CLE peptides. Curr Opin Plant Biol 11:75–81
Oh K, Ivanchenko MG, White TJ, Lomax TL (2006) The diageotropica gene of tomato encodes a cyclophilin: a novel player in auxin signalling. Planta 224:133–144
Ohyama K et al (2008) Identification of a biologically active, small, secreted peptide in Arabidopsis by in silico gene screening, followed by LC-MS-based structure analysis. Plant J 55:152–160
Okamoto S, Ohnishi E, Sato S, Takahashi H, Nakazono M, Tabata S, Kawaguchi M (2009) Nod factor/nitrate-induced CLE genes that drive HAR1-mediated systemic regulation of nodulation. Plant Cell Physiol 50:67–77
Oldroyd GE, Downie JA (2008) Coordinating nodule morphogenesis with rhizobial infection in legumes. Ann Rev Plant Biol 59:519–546
Olsen AN, Skriver K (2003) Ligand mimicry? Plant-parasitic nematode polypeptide with similarity to CLAVATA3. Trends Plant Sci 8:55–57
Opperman CH, Bird DMcK, Williamson VM, Rohksar DS, Burke M, Cohn J, Cromer J, Diener S, Gajan J, Graham S, Houfek TD, Liu Q-L, Mitros T, Schaff JE, Schaffer R, Scholl E, Sosinski BR, Thomas VP, Windham E (2008) Sequence and genetic map of Meloidogyne hapla: A compact nematode genome for plant parasitism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:14802–14807
Puthoff PD, Ehrenfeld ML, Vinyard BT, Tucker ML (2007) Genechip profiling of transcriptional responses to soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines colonization of soybean roots. J Exp Bot 58:3407–3418
Redig P, Shaul O, Inzé D, van Montagu M and, Onckelen H (1996) Levels of endogenous cytokinins, indole-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid during cell cycle of synchronized tobacco BY-2 cells. FEBS Letts 391:175–180
Richardson L, Price NS (1984) Observations on the biology of Meloidogyne incognita and the diageotropica tomato mutant. Rev Nematol 7:97–99
Santner A, Estelle M (2009) Recent advances and emerging trends in plant hormone signalling. Nature 459:1071–1078
Schmülling T (2002) New insights into the functions of cytokinins in plant development. J Plant Growth Reg 21:40–49
Schnabel E, Journet EP, de Carvalho-Niebel F, Duc G, Frugoli J (2005) The Medicago truncatula SUNN gene encodes a CLV1-like leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase that regulates nodule number and root length. Plant Mol Biol 58:809–822
Solano R, Stepanova A, Chao Q, Ecker JR (1998) Nuclear events in ethylene signalling: a transcriptional cascade mediated by ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3 and ETHYLENE-RESPONSE-FACTOR1. Genes Dev 12:3703–3714
Soto MJ, Fernandez-Aparicio M, Castellanos-Morales V, Garcia-Garrido JM, Ocampo JA, Delgado MJ, Vierheilig H (2010) First indications for the involvement of strigolactones on nodule formation in alfala (Medicago sativa). Soil Biol Biochem 42:383–385
Swiecicka M, Filipecki M, Lont D, Van Vliet J, Qin L, Goverse A, Bakker J, Helder J (2009) Dynamics in the tomato root transcriptome on infection with the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis. Mol Plant Pathol 10:487–500
Symons GM, Ross JJ, Jager CE, Reid JB (2008) Brassinosteroid transport. J Exp Bot 59:17–24
Tucker ML, Xue P, Yang R (2010) 1-Aminocyclopropane -1 carboxylic acid (ACC) concentration and ACC synthase expression in soybean roots, root tips, and soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines)-infected roots. J Exp Bot 61:463–472
Ulmasov T, Murfett J, Hagen G, Guilfoyle TJ (1997) Aux/IAA proteins repress expression of reporter genes containing natural and highly active synthetic auxin response elements. Plant Cell 9:1963–1971
Viglierchio DR, Yu PK (1968) Plant parasitic nematodes: a new mechanism for injury of hosts. Science 147:1301–1303
Wang G, Fiers M (2009) CLE peptide signaling during plant development. Protoplasma 240:33–34
Wang KL, Yoshida H, Lurin C, Ecker JR (2004) Regulation of ethylene gas biosynthesis by the Arabidopsis ETO1 protein. Nature 428:945–950
Wang XH, Mitchum MG, Gao B, Li C, Diab H, Baum TJ, Hussey RS, Davis EL (2005) A parasitism gene from a plant-parasitic nematode with function similar to CLAVATA3/ESR (CLE) of Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Plant Pathol 6:187–191
Wang X, Replogle A, Davis EL, Mitchum MG (2007) The tobacco Cel7 gene promoter is auxin-responsive and locally induced in nematode feeding sites of heterologous plants. Mol Plant Pathol 8:423–436
Wasson AP, Ramsay K, Jones MGK, Matthesus U (2009) Differing requirements for flavonoids during the formation of lateral roots, nodules and root knot nematode galls in Medicago truncatula. New Phytologist 183:167–179
Wasternack C (2007) Jasmonates: an update on biosynthesis, signal transduction and action in plant stress response, growth and development. Ann Bot 100:681–697
Weerasinghe RR, Bird DM, Allen NS (2005) Root-knot nematodes and bacterial Nod factors elicit common signal transduction events in Lotus japonicus root hair cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:3147–152
Weijers D, Franke-van Dijk M, Vencken R-J, Quint A, Hooykaas P, Offringa R (2001) An Arabidopsis minute-like phenotype caused by a semi-dominant mutation in a RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S5 gene. Development 128:4289–4299
Werner T, Schmulling T (2009) Cytokinin action in plant development. Curr Opin Plant Biol 12:527–538
Westwood JH, Bouwmeester H (2009) Parasitic plants tap into the main stream. New Phytol 184:284–287
Whitford R, Fernandez A, De Groodt R, Ortega E, Hilson P (2008) Plant CLE peptides from two distinct functional classes synergistically induce division of vascular cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:18625–18630
Wieczorek K, Hoffman J, Bloch A, Szakasits D, Bohlman H, Grundler FMW (2008) Arabidopsis endo-1,4-glucanases are involved in the formation of root syncytia induced by Heterodera schachtii. Plant J 53:336–351
Wubben MJE, Su H, Rodermel SR, Baum TJ (2001) Susceptibility to the sugar beet cyst nematode is modulated by ethylene signal transduction in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 14:1206–1212
Wubben MJE, Rodermel SR, Baum TJ (2004) Mutation of a UDP-glucose-4-epimerase alters nematode susceptibility and ethylene responses in Arabidopsis roots. Plant J 40:712–724
Wuyts N, Lognay G, Swennen R, De Waele D (2006) Nematode infection and reproduction in transgenic and mutant Arabidopsis and tobacco with an altered phenylpropanoid metabolism. J Exp Bot 57:2825–2835
Yamaguchi S (2008) Gibberellin metabolism and its regulation. Ann Rev Plant Biol 59:225–251
Yamagami T, Tsuchisaka A, Yamada K, Haddon WF, Harden A, Theologis A (2003) Biochemical diversity among the 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase isozymes encoded by the Arabidopsis gene family. J Biol Chem 278:49102–49112
Yoo SD, Cho Y, Sheen J (2009) Emerging connections in the ethylene signalling network. Trends Plant Sci 14:270–279
Yoshida H, Nagata M, Saito K, Wang KL, Ecker JR (2005) Arabidopsis ETO1 specifically interacts with and negatively regulates type 2 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthases. BMC Plant Biol 5:14
Zhang K, Letham DS, John PCL (1996) Cytokinin controls the cell cycle at mitosis by stimulating the tyrosine dephosphorylation and activation of p34cdc2-like H1 histone kinase. Planta 200:2–12
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Goverse, A., Bird, D. (2011). The Role of Plant Hormones in Nematode Feeding Cell Formation. In: Jones, J., Gheysen, G., Fenoll, C. (eds) Genomics and Molecular Genetics of Plant-Nematode Interactions. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0434-3_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0434-3_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-0433-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-0434-3
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)