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Degradation of the Plant Cell Wall by Nematodes

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Book cover Genomics and Molecular Genetics of Plant-Nematode Interactions

Abstract

Evidence from as early as the 1950’s that phytoparasitic nematodes could secrete enzymes to facilitate penetration of the stylet through the host cell wall or to promote nematode migration within plant tissues was confirmed in 1998 with the report of the first genes encoding endogenous endo-1,4-β-glucanases isolated from animals, the phytoparasitic cyst nematodes. Expressed gene analyses and recent genome sequencing efforts have since identified genes encoding cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases, and chitinases in many species of phytoparasitic nematodes. A cellulose-binding module present in some nematode endoglucanases also exists independently of the hydrolytic domain in some species and has promoted the discovery of the first expansins outside of the plant kingdom. Database homologies and phylogenetic analyses suggest the potential for independent ancient horizontal gene transfer events of genes encoding a number of nematode cell wall-modifying proteins from microbes present in the nematode’s ecological niche, including soil bacterial sources for root-feeding nematodes and fungal sources for shoot and fungal-feeding nematodes. Subsequent gene duplication and domain shuffling activity has apparently led to the evolutionary expansion of families of genes encoding cell wall-modifying proteins within nematode genomes. In almost all cases, expression of these cell wall-modifying proteins is restricted to the nematode oesophageal gland cells for secretion from the stylet during the migratory stages of the nematode parasitic cycle.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, 27695, Raleigh, NC, USA

    Eric L. Davis

  2. Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium

    Annelies Haegeman

  3. Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 305–8687, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

    Taisei Kikuchi

Authors
  1. Eric L. Davis
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  2. Annelies Haegeman
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  3. Taisei Kikuchi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eric L. Davis .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Plant Pathology, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, United Kingdom

    John Jones

  2. , Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium

    Godelieve Gheysen

  3. , Environmental Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III. s/n, Toledo, E-45071, Spain

    Carmen Fenoll

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© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

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Davis, E.L., Haegeman, A., Kikuchi, T. (2011). Degradation of the Plant Cell Wall by Nematodes. In: Jones, J., Gheysen, G., Fenoll, C. (eds) Genomics and Molecular Genetics of Plant-Nematode Interactions. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0434-3_12

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