Abstract
This paper reviews results from economically-oriented studies of Middle Paleolithic technologies. Findings on raw material exploitation have shown conclusively that Middle Paleolithic hominins, mainly Neanderthals, were extremely flexible, able to respond to a range of different constraints on the availability of stone and the organization of tasks on landscapes. Overall, studies of raw material economics show a remarkable level of consistency in modal and maximum distances of raw material transport and in the nature of and treatment of transported artifacts. This indicates that results are methodologically and empirically robust, and reveals important commonalities in hominin behavior. Research on raw material economy may also be limited a widespread focus on aggregate, assemblage-level observations. The next phase of methodological development should concentrate on the use of intra-assemblage variation as a means of investigating internally diversified prehistoric populations. A paradoxical feature of variation in artifact design and investment illustrate the importance of considering intra-group variation in behavior.
Keywords
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This is not to imply an evolutionary link between mobility strategies and psychological propensities for wayfinding (e.g., Silverman et al.,2000 ). It is enough to postulate differences in habitual behavior, not inherent abilities.
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Acknowledgements
My thinking on the topic of Paleolithic technology and economics has been influenced in important ways by colleagues, teachers, and students too numerous to mention individually. However, I would like to especially recognize the influence of the late Amilcare Bietti, who arranged my first formal introduction to the Neanderthals and provided hours of stimulating talk about what they were like and how we ought to study them. I would also like to thank Jürgen Richter and Nicholas Conard for their invitation to participate in the very stimulating meeting and book project celebrating the Neanderthal sesquicentennial. The comments of one anonymous reviewer on a previous draft also contributed a great deal to the final form of this paper.
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Kuhn, S.L. (2011). Neanderthal Technoeconomics: An Assessment and Suggestions for Future Developments. In: Conard, N.J., Richter, J. (eds) Neanderthal Lifeways, Subsistence and Technology. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0415-2_10
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