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Probiotic Bacteria and Enteric Infections pp 113–130Cite as

The Gut Microbiota, Probiotics and Infectious Disease

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Abstract

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract represents a vast microbial ecosystem with a high degree of complexity and inter-individual diversity. The large intestine contains an estimated 1011–1012 bacteria per gram of contents and it is thought that total bacterial cells outnumber human cells by at least an order of magnitude (O’Sullivan 2005; O’Hara and Shanahan 2006). These bacteria comprise between 1,000 and 1,150 different species including 160 species which are common between individuals and may provide core functions that are essential for the health of the host (Qin et al. 2010). In this context the human individual has been proposed as a ‘superorganism’ in which the individual co-exists with their unique microbiota (Wilson and Sober 1989; Zilber-Rosenberg and Rosenberg 2008). The gut microbiota therefore comprise a ‘virtual organ’ that carries out significant metabolic, digestive and immunoregulatory roles that benefit the host (O’Sullivan 2005; O’Hara and Shanahan 2006).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Mercy University Hospital, Grenville Place, Cork, Ireland

    Gerald C. O’Sullivan

  2. Cork Cancer Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

    Gerald C. O’Sullivan

Authors
  1. Cormac G. M. Gahan
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  2. Gerald C. O’Sullivan
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  3. J. Kevin Collins
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Correspondence to Gerald C. O’Sullivan .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania

    J.J. Malago

  2. Division Pathology, Dept of Pathobiology, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, Utrecht, 3508 TD, Netherlands

    J.F.J.G. Koninkx

  3. Biotechnical Faculty, Zootechnical Department, University of Ljubljana, Domžale, 1230, Slovenia

    R. Marinsek-Logar

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Gahan, C.G.M., O’Sullivan, G.C., Collins, J.K. (2011). The Gut Microbiota, Probiotics and Infectious Disease. In: Malago, J., Koninkx, J., Marinsek-Logar, R. (eds) Probiotic Bacteria and Enteric Infections. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0386-5_5

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