Abstract
Water scarcity is the most important natural constraint to Jordan’s economic growth and development. Jordan has very limited water resources which are classified among the lowest per capita worldwide. Two thirds of our water resources are currently used for agriculture; therefore, wastewater reuse is one of the priorities listed on the Jordanian water strategy for the year 2020 as an alternative water resource to meet agricultural water demand. However, with the realization of sustainable development, the wastewater reuse, which contains valuable nutrients, is becoming a key issue and a suitable water resource for irrigation purposes. Wastewater and sludge are considered the most realistic environmental sink for toxic organic and inorganic chemical pollutants produced from domestic and industrial sources. In addition to trace metals, it is worth mentioning that the impact of chemical pollution caused by the conventional “priority” organic pollutants, which displays persistence in the environment, especially those acutely toxic, mutagenic and/or carcinogenic such as pesticides, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), industrial intermediates, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), phenols, chlorinated phenols, dioxins and furans, etc. Most of these types of persistent organic pollutants have been found in the Jordanian environment either in reclaimed water or in sewage sludge, as they are the main environmental sinks for most of these pollutants. It is believed that chemical pollutants could reach the food chain easily, and affects soil and crop properties, if wastewater is used for irrigation and sludge as fertilizer or soil conditioner. The present paper is a review of the future prospects for the sustainable use of wastewater and sludge in Jordan, mainly considering their content from the persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abo-El-Seoud, M., El-Motaium, R.A., Batarseh, M. and Kreuzig, R., 2003. Impact of Gamma Radiation on the Degradability of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Egyptian Sewage Sludge. Fresen. Environ. Bull. 13(1), 52–55.
Al-Nasir, F. and Batarseh, M., 2008. Agricultural Reuse of Reclaimed Water and Uptake of Organic Compounds: Pilot Study at Mutah University Wastewater Treatment Plant, Jordan. Chemosphere 72 (8), p. 1203–1214.
Batarseh M. I., 2006b. Fate of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates in Wastewater Treatment Plants, Jordan. Fresen. Environ. Bull. 15(5), 431–436.
Batarseh, M., Kreuzig, R., Al-Nasir, F. and Bahadir, M., 2003b. Residue Analysis of Organic Pollutants in Sediments from the Amman/Zarqa Area in Jordan. Part II: Organchlorine Compounds. Fresen. Environ. Bull. 12(9), 979–983.
Batarseh, M., Kreuzig, R. and Bahadir, M., 2003a. Residue Analysis of Organic Pollutants in Sediments from the Amman/Zarqa Area in Jordan. Part I: Development of analytical method and distribution Pattern of PAHs. Fresen. Environ. Bull. 12(9), 972–978.
Berrow, M. L. and Webber, J., 1972. Trace Elements in Sewage Sludge. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 23, 93–100.
Bodzek, D., Luksbetlej, K. and Janoszka, B., 1998. Occurrence of PAH in Various Elements of Environment in Zabrze (Upper Silesia, Poland). Water Air Soil Poll. 103, 91–100.
Dowdy, R. H., Solan, J. J., Dolan, M. S. and Linden, D. R., 1997. Long-term Effects of Biosolids Applications on Heavy Metal Bioavailability in Agricultural Soils. J. Environ. Qual. 26, 966–974.
European Commission (EC), 2000. Guidelines for Sewage Sludge in European Commission for Agricultural Use.
Hamscher, G., Sczesny, S., Höper, H. and Nau, H., 2002. Determination of Persistent Teteracycline Residues in Soil Fertilized with Liquid Manure by HPLC with Electrospray Ionization Tandam Mass Spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 74, 1509–1518.
Hoffman, G., 1980. In: Verwendung von mul-nd Mullklarsch lammkomposten in der Land-wirtschaft. Informationstagung, Gottlieb-Duttweiler-Institute, Ruschlikon/Zurich, 12–28.
Hussein, H., Alali, A., Jiries, A. and Aharonian, Gh., 2000. Chemical Evaluation of Wastes produced from a Jordanian University, a Case Study. Waste Manage. Res. 18, 94–98.
Jiries, A., 2001. Chemical Evaluation of Treated Sewage Effluents in Karak Provinces and Its Suitability for Irrigation Purpose. Pakistan J. Biol. Sci. 4, 1400–1402.
Jiries, A., Hussain, H. and Lintelmann, J., 2000. Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Wastewater, Sediments, Sludge and Plants in Karak Province, Jordan. Water Air Soil Poll. 121, 217–228.
JISM 2006. Water-Sludge-Uses of Reated Sludge and Sludge Disposal No. JS 1145/2006, Jordanian Institute for Standards and Meteorology, Amman, Jordan.
Lundin, M., 1999. Assessment of the Environmental Sustainability of Urban Water Systems. Department of Technical Environmental Planning. Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg, Sweden.
Mohamed, M. 2006. Quality of Treated Wastewater from AL-Lajoun WWTP. M.Sc. thesis, Chemistry Department-Mutah University, Jordan.
Morrison, G. O., Fatoki, S., Linder, S. and Lundehn, C., 2004. Determination of Heavy Metal Concentration of Sewage Sludge from Eastern Cape Province South Africa by ICP-MS and LA-ICP-MS. Water Air Soil Poll. 152, 111–127.
Mufeed I. Batarseh, 2011. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) and heavy metals in dry and wet sludge from As-Samra wastewater treatment plant, Jordan. Soil & Sediment Contamination Vol 20 no 5, in press.
MWI, 2004. The annual report of Ministry of Water and Irrigation, Amman-Jordan.
MWI, 2005. The annual report of Ministry of Water and Irrigation, Amman-Jordan.
MWI, 2007. The annual report of Ministry of Water and Irrigation, Amman-Jordan.
Ng, K.C., Poi, G., Pauh, C.M., Castro V. De. and Rogers, P.L., 1997. Monitoring of Phenols in Wastewater by HPLC. Environ. Monit. Ass. 44, 433–436.
Parkpian, P., Leong, S. T., Laortankul, P. and Juntarmitree, J., 2002. An Environmentally Sound Method for Disposal of both Ash and Sludge Waste by Mixing with Soil: A Case Study of Bangkok Plain. Environ. Monit. Assess. 74, 27–43.
Thiele-Bruhn, S., 2003. Pharmaceutical Antibiotic Compounds in Soil: A Review. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 166, 145–167.
Tor, A., Cengeloglu, Y., Aydin, M.E., Ersoz, M., Wichmann, H. and Bahadir, M., 2003. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in Wastewater Samples from the sewage Sludge System of Konya-Turkey. Fresen. Environ. Bull. 12(7), 732–735.
USEPA, 1995. Process design Manual. Land Application of Sewage Sludge and Domestic Septage. US Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development. EPA-625/R- 95/001. Cincinnati, Ohio, September 1995.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Batarseh, M. (2011). Sustainable Use of Wastewater and Sludge in Jordan; Residues of Persistent Organic Pollutants, a Review. In: Hlavinek, P., Winkler, I., Marsalek, J., Mahrikova, I. (eds) Advanced Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment: A Road to Safer Society and Environment. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0280-6_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0280-6_20
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-0279-0
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-0280-6
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)