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Marker-Assisted Breeding in Higher Plants

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Alternative Farming Systems, Biotechnology, Drought Stress and Ecological Fertilisation

Part of the book series: Sustainable Agriculture Reviews ((SARV,volume 6))

Abstract

The deployment of DNA-based marker systems promises to accelerate the improvement of crop productivity worldwide. Numerous DNA fingerprinting assays, and more recently whole genome sequence information, have been utilized extensively for employing intrinsic genetic polymorphisms in the genomes of higher plants in phylogenetic studies, genetic mapping, and comparative genomic analysis. DNA markers set the stage for initiating genomic-based breeding strategies with several advantages over the phenotypic based selection procedures used in conventional breeding programs. In maize, successful applications have been exemplified by marker assisted introgression of novel genomic regions associated with anthesis-silking interval, marker-based diagnosis of plants containing the opaque2 gene associated with quality, and marker-based prediction of hybrid vigor. New rice varieties are developed using DNA markers associated with genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) to provide resistance to both biotic stress, e.g. bacterial blight and blast, and abiotic stresses, and to improve yield and quality. A wheat variety ‘Patwin’ was developed through marker assisted selection for stripe and leaf rust resistance genes Yr17 and Lr37, respectively. The stay-green trait conferring resistance to drought in sorghum has been explored at length. In tomato, cotton, potato, soybean and other crops, many genes conferring resistance against various biotic stresses have been incorporated from wild relatives using DNA markers. Wider adaptation of marker assisted breeding is limited by the narrow genetic base of elite gene pools for many plants. Multiple investigations reveal conservation of QTLs among some crop species, offering opportunities to gain information from one crop to improve others.

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Abbreviations

QTLs:

Quantitative trait loci

QTN:

Quantitative trait nucleotide

RFLP:

Restriction fragment length polymorphism

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

RAPD:

Random amplified polymorphic DNA

SCAR:

Sequence characterized amplified region

STS:

Sequence tagged site

CAPS:

Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence

SSR:

Simple sequence repeat

AFLP:

Amplified fragment length polymorphism

SRAP:

Sequence-related amplified polymorphism

SNPs:

Single nucleotide polymorphisms

NILs:

Near-isogenic lines

RILs:

Recombinant inbred lines

DH:

Doubled haploid

ILs:

Introgression lines

BC:

Backcross population

MAS:

Marker assisted selection

MAB:

Marker-assisted backcrossing

CPS:

Conventional phenotypic selection

BB:

Bacterial blight

CBB:

Common bacterial blight

AB:

Ascochyta blight

MSV:

Maize streak virus

CLCuD:

Cotton leaf curl disease

PSbMV:

Pea seed-borne mosaic virus

TuYV:

Turnip yellows virus

FW:

Fusarium wilt

VW:

Verticulum wilt

SDS:

Sudden-death syndrome

ER:

Extreme resistance

CMS:

Cytoplasmic male sterility

OA:

Osmotic adjustment

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Genomics & Molecular Breeding Lab, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Mehboob-ur-Rahman, Muhammmad Asif, Tayyaba Shaheen, Nabila Tabbasam & Yusuf Zafar

  2. Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602, GA, USA

    Andrew H. Paterson

Authors
  1. Mehboob-ur-Rahman
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  2. Muhammmad Asif
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  3. Tayyaba Shaheen
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  4. Nabila Tabbasam
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  5. Yusuf Zafar
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  6. Andrew H. Paterson
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mehboob-ur-Rahman .

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  1. INRA-CMSE-PME, rue Sully 17, Dijon, 21000, France

    Eric Lichtfouse

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Mehboob-ur-Rahman, Asif, M., Shaheen, T., Tabbasam, N., Zafar, Y., Paterson, A.H. (2011). Marker-Assisted Breeding in Higher Plants. In: Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Alternative Farming Systems, Biotechnology, Drought Stress and Ecological Fertilisation. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0186-1_3

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