Abstract
Digital remote sensing of coral reefs dates to the first Landsat mission of the mid-1970s. Early studies utilized moderate-spatial-resolution satellite broadband multispectral image data and focused on reef geomorphology. Technological advances have since led to development of airborne narrow-band hyperspectral sensors, airborne hydrographic lidar systems, and commercial high-spatial-resolution satellite broadband multispectral imagers. High quality remote sensing data have become widely available, and this has spurred investigations by the reef science and management communities into the technology. Studies utilizing remote sensing data range from predictions of reef fish diversity to multidecadal assessment of reef habitat decline. Fundamental issues remain, both in remote sensing science and in specific coral reef applications. Nevertheless, investigators are increasingly turning to remote sensing for the unique perspective it affords of reef systems.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Ahmad W, Neil DT (1994) An evaluation of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) digital data for discriminating coral reef zonation: Heron Reef (GBR). Int J Remote Sens 15:2583–2597
Andréfouët S, Payri C (2000) Scaling-up carbon and carbonate metabolism of coral reefs using in-situ data and remote sensing. Coral Reefs 19:259–269
Andréfouët S, Berkelmans R, Odriozola L, Done T, Oliver J, Muller-Karger F (2002) Choosing the appropriate spatial resolution for monitoring coral bleaching events using remote sensing. Coral Reefs 21:147–154
Andréfouët S, Kramer P, Torres-Pulliza D, Joyce KE, Hochberg EJ, Garza-Perez R, Mumby PJ, Riegl B, Yamano H, White WH, Zubia M, Brock JC, Phinn SR, Naseer A, Hatcher BG, Muller-Karger FE (2003) Multi-site evaluation of IKONOS data for classification of tropical coral reef environments. Remote Sens Environ 88:128–143
Andréfouët S, Zubia M, Payri C (2004a) Mapping and biomass estimation of the invasive brown algae Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J. Agardh and Sargassum mangarevense (Grunow) Setchell on heterogeneous Tahitian coral reefs using 4-meter resolution IKONOS satellite data. Coral Reefs 23:26–38
Andréfouët S, Payri C, Hochberg EJ, Hu C, Atkinson MJ, Muller-Karger FE (2004b) Use of in situ and airborne reflectance for scaling-up spectral discrimination of coral reef macroalgae from species to communities. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 283:161–177
Andréfouët S, Hochberg EJ, Chevillon C, Muller-Karger FE, Brock JC, Hu C (2005) Multi-scale remote sensing of coral reefs. In: Miller RL, Castillo CED, McKee BA (eds) Remote sensing of coastal aquatic environments: technologies. Techniques and applications. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 299–317
Atkinson MJ, Grigg RW (1984) Model of coral reef ecosystem. II. Gross and net benthic primary production at French Frigate Shoals, Hawaii. Coral Reefs 3:13–22
Bainbridge SJ, Reichelt RE (1988) An assessment of ground truth methods for coral reef remote sensing data. Proc 6th Int Coral Reef Symp 2:439–444
Bierwirth PN, Lee TJ, Burne RV (1993) Shallow sea-floor reflectance and water depth derived by unmixing multispectral imagery. Photogr Eng Remote Sens 59:331–338
Biña RT, Carpenter K, Zacher W, Jara R, Lim JB (1978) Coral reef mapping using Landsat data: follow-up studies. Proc 12th Int Symp Remote Sens Environ 3:2051–2070
Bouchon C (1981) Comparison of two quantitative sampling methods used in coral reef studies: the line transect and the quadrat methods. Proc 4th Int Coral Reef Symp 2:375
Bour W, Loubersac L, Rual P (1986) Thematic mapping of reefs by processing of simulated SPOT satellite data: application to the Trochus niloticus biotope on Tetembia Reef (New Caledonia). Mar Ecol Prog Ser 34:243–249
Brock JC, Wright CW, Kuffner IB, Hernandez R, Thompson P (2006a) Airborne lidar sensing of massive stony coral colonies on patch reefs in the northern Florida reef tract. Remote Sens Environ 104:31–42
Brock JC, Yates KK, Halley RB, Kuffner IB, Wright CW, Hatcher BG (2006b) Northern Florida reef tract benthic metabolism scaled by remote sensing. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 312:123–139
Buddemeier R, Smith SV (1999) Coral adaptation and acclimatization: a most ingenious paradox. Am Zool 39:1–9
Chabanet P, Ralambondrainy H, Amanieu M, Faure G, Galzin R (1997) Relationships between coral reef substrata and fish. Coral Reefs 16:93–102
Congalton RG, Green K (1999) Assessing the accuracy of remotely sensed data: principles and practices. Lewis, Boca Raton
Conger CL, Hochberg EJ, Fletcher CH, Atkinson MJ (2006) Decorrelating remote sensing color bands from bathymetry in optically shallow waters. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 44: 1655–1660
Connell JH (1997) Disturbance and recovery of coral assemblages. Coral Reefs 16:S101–S113
Gao BC, Montes MJ, Li RR, Dierssen HM, Davis CO (2007) An atmospheric correction algorithm for remote sensing of bright coastal waters using MODIS land and ocean channels in the solar spectral region. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 45:1835–1843
Gordon HR (1997) Atmospheric correction of ocean color imagery in the Earth observing system era. J Geophys Res Atmos 102: 17081–17106
Goreau TJ, Hayes RL (1994) Coral bleaching and ocean “hot spots”. Ambio 23:176–180
Green EP, Mumby PJ, Edwards AJ, Clark CD (1996) A review of remote sensing for the assessment and management of tropical coastal resources. Coastal Manage 24:1–40
Harborne AR, Mumby PJ, Zychaluk K, Hedley JD, Blackwell PG (2006) Modeling the beta diversity of coral reefs. Ecology 87:2871–2881
Hedley JD, Harborne AR, Mumby PJ (2005) Simple and robust removal of sun glint for mapping shallow-water benthos. Int J Remote Sens 26:2107–2112
Hochberg EJ, Atkinson MJ (2000) Spectral discrimination of coral reef benthic communities. Coral Reefs 19:164–171
Hochberg EJ, Atkinson MJ (2003) Capabilities of remote sensors to classify coral, algae and sand as pure and mixed spectra. Remote Sens Environ 85:174–189
Hochberg EJ, Atkinson MJ (2008) Coral reef benthic productivity based on optical absorptance and light-use efficiency. Coral Reefs 27:49–59
Hochberg EJ, Andréfouët S, Tyler MR (2003a) Sea surface correction of high spatial resolution Ikonos images to improve bottom mapping in near-shore environments. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 41:1724–1729
Hochberg EJ, Atkinson MJ, Andréfouët S (2003b) Spectral reflectance of coral reef bottom-types worldwide and implications for coral reef remote sensing. Remote Sens Environ 85:159–173
Hochberg EJ, Atkinson MJ, Apprill A, Andrefouet S (2004) Spectral reflectance of coral. Coral Reefs 23:84–95
Hoegh-Guldberg O, Mumby PJ, Hooten AJ, Steneck RS, Greenfield P, Gomez E, Harvell CD, Sale PF, Edwards AJ, Caldeira K, Knowlton N, Eakin CM, Iglesias-Prieto R, Muthiga N, Bradbury RH, Dubi A, Hatziolos ME (2007) Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science 318:1737–1742
Holden H, LeDrew E (1998) Spectral discrimination of healthy and non-healthy corals based on cluster analysis, principal components analysis, and derivative spectroscopy. Remote Sens Environ 65:217–224
Holden H, LeDrew E (1999) Hyperspectral identification of coral reef features. Int J Remote Sens 20:2545–2563
Hooker SB, McClain CR (2000) The calibration and validation of SeaWiFS data. Prog Oceanogr 45:427–465
Karpouzli E, Malthus TJ, Place CJ (2004) Hyperspectral discrimination of coral reef benthic communities in the western Caribbean. Coral Reefs 23:141–151
Kinsey DW (1985) Metabolism, calcification and carbon production I: systems level studies. Fifth Int Coral Reef Congr 4:505–526
Kirk JTO (1994) Light and photosynthesis in aquatic environments. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Kleypas JA (1997) Modeled estimates of global reef habitat and carbonate production since the last glacial maximum. Paleoceanography 12:533–545
Kleypas JA, Buddemeier RW, Archer D, Gattuso J-P, Langdon C, Opdyke BN (1999) Geochemical consequences of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide on coral reefs. Science 284:118–120
Kuchler DA, Biña RT, Claasen DvR (1988) Status of high-technology remote sensing for mapping and monitoring coral reef environments. Proc 6th Int Coral Reef Symp 1:97–101
Kuffner IB, Brock JC, Grober-Dunsmore R, Bonito VE, Hickey TD, Wright CW (2007) Relationships between reef fish communities and remotely sensed rugosity measurements in Biscayne National Park, Florida, USA. Environ Biol Fish 78:71–82
Kutser T, Dekker AG, Skirving W (2003) Modeling spectral discrimination of Great Barrier Reef benthic communities by remote sensing instruments. Limnol Oceanogr 48:497–510
Lee ZP, Carder KL (2002) Effect of spectral band numbers on the retrieval of water column and bottom properties from ocean color data. Appl Opt 41:2191–2201
Lee ZP, Carder KL, Mobley CD, Steward RG, Patch JS (1998) Hyperspectral remote sensing for shallow waters. 1. A semianalytical model. Appl Opt 37:6329–6338
Light PR, Jones GP (1997) Habitat preference in newly settled coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus, Serranidae). Coral Reefs 16:117–126
Loubersac L, Dahl AL, Collotte P, Lemaire O, D’;Ozouville L, Grotte A (1988) Impact assessment of Cyclone Sally on the almost atoll of Aitutaki (Cook Islands) by remote sensing. Proc 6th Int Coral Reef Symp 2:455–462
Luczkovich JJ, Wagner TW, Michalek JL, Stoffle RW (1993) Discrimination of coral reefs, seagrass meadows, and sand bottom types from space: a Dominican Republic case study. Photogram Eng Remote Sens 59:385–389
Lyzenga DR (1978) Passive remote sensing techniques for mapping water depth and bottom features. Appl Opt 17:379–383
Lyzenga DR (1985) Shallow-water bathymetry using combined lidar and passive multispectral scanner data. Int J Remote Sens 6:115–125
Maeder J, Narumalani S, Rundquist DC, Perk RL, Schalles J, Hutchins K, Keck J (2002) Classifying and mapping general coral-reef structure using Ikonos data. Photogr Eng Remote Sens 68:1297–1305
Maritorena S, Morel A, Gentili B (1994) Diffuse reflectance of oceanic shallow waters: influence of water depth and bottom albedo. Limnol Oceanogr 39:1689–1703
Miller I, Müller R (1999) Validity and reproducibility of benthic cover estimates made during broadscale surveys of coral reefs by manta tow. Coral Reefs 18:353–356
Miller MW, Weil E, Szmant AM (2000) Coral recruitment and juvenile mortality as structuring factors for reef benthic communities in Biscayne National Park, USA. Coral Reefs 19:115–123
Mobley CD, Sundman LK, Davis CO, Bowles JH, Downes TV, Leathers RA, Montes MJ, Bissett WP, Kohler DDR, Reid RP, Louchard EM, Gleason A (2005) Interpretation of hyperspectral remote-sensing imagery by spectrum matching and look-up tables. Appl Opt 44:3576–3592
Monteith J (1972) Solar radiation and productivity in tropical ecosystems. J Appl Ecol 9:747–766
Moses CS, Andrefouet S, Kranenburg CJ, Muller-Karger FE (2009) Regional estimates of reef carbonate dynamics and productivity using Landsat 7 ETM+, and potential impacts from ocean acidification. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 380:103–115
Mumby PJ, Edwards AJ (2002) Mapping marine environments with IKONOS imagery: enhanced spatial resolution can deliver greater thematic accuracy. Remote Sens Environ 82:248–257
Mumby PJ, Green EP, Edwards AJ, Clark CD (1999) The cost-effectiveness of remote sensing for tropical coastal resources assessment and management. J Environ Manage 55:157–166
Mumby PJ, Chisolm JRM, Clark CD, Hedley JD, Jaubert J (2001) A bird’;s-eye view of the health of coral reefs. Nature 413:36
Mumby PJ, Skirving W, Strong AE, Hardy JT, LeDrew EF, Hochberg EJ, Stumpf RP, David LT (2004) Remote sensing of coral reefs and their physical environment. Mar Pollut Bull 48:219–228
Ortiz DM, Tissot BN (2008) Ontogenetic patterns of habitat use by reef-fish in a Marine Protected Area network: a multi-scaled remote sensing and in situ approach. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 365:217–232
Palandro DA, Andrefouet S, Hu C, Hallock P, Muller-Karger FE, Dustan P, Callahan MK, Kranenburg C, Beaver CR (2008) Quantification of two decades of shallow-water coral reef habitat decline in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary using Landsat data (1984–2002). Remote Sens Environ 112: 3388–3399
Phinney JT, Muller-Karger F, Dustan P, Sobel J (2001) Using remote sensing to reassess the mass mortality of Diadema antillarum 1983–1984. Conserv Biol 15:885–891
Purkis SJ, Myint SW, Riegl BM (2006) Enhanced detection of the coral Acropora cervicornis from satellite imagery using a textural operator. Remote Sens Environ 101:82–94
Purkis SJ, Graham NAJ, Riegl BM (2008) Predictability of reef fish diversity and abundance using remote sensing data in Diego Garcia (Chagos Archipelago). Coral Reefs 27:167–178
Rencher AC (2002) Methods of multivariate analysis, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York
Running SW, Nemani RR, Heinsch FA, Zhao MS, Reeves M, Hashimoto H (2004) A continuous satellite-derived measure of global terrestrial primary production. Bioscience 54:547–560
Smith SV (1978) Coral-reef area and contributions of reefs to processes and resources of the world’;s oceans. Nature 273:225–226
Smith VE, Rogers RH, Reed LE (1975) Automated mapping and inventory of Great Barrier Reef zonation with LANDSAT. IEEE Ocean ‘75 1:775–780
Smith SV, Buddemeier RW (1992) Global change and coral reef ecosystems. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 23:89–118
Spalding MD, Grenfell AM (1997) New estimates of global and regional coral reef areas. Coral Reefs 16:225–230
U.S. Coral Reef Task Force (1999) The National Action Plan to conserve coral reefs. U.S. Department of the Interior and U.S. Department of Commerce
Vercelli C, Gabrie C, Ricard M (1988) Utilisation of SPOT-1 data in coral reef cartography Moorea Island and Takapoto Atoll, French Polynesia. Proc 6th Int Coral Reef Symp 2:463–468
Waddell J, Clarke A (eds) (2008) The state of coral reef ecosystems of the United States and Pacific freely associated states: 2008. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 73. NOAA/NCCOS Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment’s Biogeography Team, Silver Spring
Walker BK, Riegl B, Dodge RE (2008) Mapping coral reef habitats in southeast Florida using a combined technique approach. J Coast Res 24:1138–1150
Wilkinson CR (ed) (2008) Status of coral reefs of the world: 2008. Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network and Reef and Rainforest Research Center, Townsville
Acknowledgments
Curtis D. Mobley provided data and very useful comments. I am especially grateful to Ali L. Hochberg for her assistance in the preparation of this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hochberg, E.J. (2011). Remote Sensing of Coral Reef Processes. In: Dubinsky, Z., Stambler, N. (eds) Coral Reefs: An Ecosystem in Transition. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0114-4_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0114-4_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-0113-7
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-0114-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)