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Hematophagy and Inhibition of the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Tenase Complexes

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Toxins and Hemostasis

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Abstract

The coagulation cascade involves the regulated sequence of proteolytic activation of a series of zymogens culminating in conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and clot formation. These reactions are mainly performed by enzymatic complexes comprised of a serine protease, a protein cofactor and membranes containing anionic phospholipids. A number of specific coagulation inhibitors from exogenous sources have been identified from salivary glands of blood-sucking arthropods and herein named sialogenins (from the Greek sialo, saliva; gen, origin, source; and ins for proteins) with anticlotting activity.

Anti-clotting sialogenins target components of the extrinsic (e.g. ixolaris, penthalaris, NAPc2) or intrinsic Xase (e.g. nitrophorin 2, nitrophorin 7) complexes resulting in inhibition of the initiation, propagation or consolidation steps of blood coagulation cascade. In addition, these molecules act in a redundant and synergistic manner in order to keep hemostatic tonus as low as possible so as to facilitate blood-feeding. These molecules may also attenuate inflammatory events associated with vascular injury. Finally, anti-clotting sialogenins have potential therapeutic applications and are valuable tools in pharmacology and cell biology.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. We thank NIAID intramural editor Brenda Rae Marshall for assistance.

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  1. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Prédio do CCS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil

    Robson Q. Monteiro

  2. Section of Vector Biology, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852-8132, USA

    John F. Andersen & Ivo M.B. Francischetti

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Correspondence to Robson Q. Monteiro .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4 14, Singapore, 117543, Singapore

    R. Manjunatha Kini

  2. , Department of Haematology, University of Berne, Inselspital, Bern, CH-3010, Switzerland

    Kenneth J Clemetson

  3. , Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Health Sciences Campus/9270, Los Angeles, 90089, USA

    Francis S. Markland

  4. , Medical Technology, University of Delaware, 305G Willard Hall Educ Bld, Newark, 19716, Delaware, USA

    Mary Ann McLane

  5. , Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Nishio Kiyose 2-522-1, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan

    Takashi Morita

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Monteiro, R.Q., Andersen, J.F., Francischetti, I.M. (2010). Hematophagy and Inhibition of the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Tenase Complexes. In: Kini, R., Clemetson, K., Markland, F., McLane, M., Morita, T. (eds) Toxins and Hemostasis. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9295-3_14

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