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Lipopolysaccharides and Plant Innate Immunity

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Endotoxins: Structure, Function and Recognition

Part of the book series: Subcellular Biochemistry ((SCBI,volume 53))

Abstract

Plants posses an innate immune system that has many parallels with those found in mammals and insects. A range of molecules of microbial origin called Microbe Associated Molecular Patterns (MAMPs) act to trigger basal defense responses in plants. These elicitors include lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from diverse Gram-negative bacteria. Both core oligosaccharide and the lipid A moieties of LPS as well as synthetic O-antigen oligosaccharides have activity in inducing defense responses in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Very little is known of the mechanism of LPS perception by plants, although plant receptors for other MAMPs such as flagellin have been described. Recent work has implicated the Arabidopsis syntaxin PEN1 as a potential actor in LPS induction of plant defenses, which may suggest a role for vesicle trafficking in the signalling process.

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Abbreviations

Avr:

avirulence

CT:

p-coumaroyl tyramine

EF-Tu:

elongation factor Tu

Flg:

flagellin

FT:

feruloyl tyramine

HR:

hypersensitive response

ISR:

induced systemic resistance

LOS:

lipo-oligosaccharides

LPS:

lipopolysaccharides

LRR:

leucine rich repeat

MAMPs:

microbe associated molecular patterns

NBS:

nucleotide-binding site

NSF:

N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor

PGN:

peptidoglycan

PR:

pathogenesis-related

PRRs:

pattern recognition receptors

Pst :

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato

RLKs:

receptor-like kinases

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

SA:

salicylic acid

SAR:

systemic acquired resistance

SNAPs:

soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) adaptor proteins adaptor proteins

SNAREs:

soluble NSF adaptor protein (SNAP) receptors

TIR:

Toll/IL-1R

TLRs:

Toll-like receptors

TTSS:

type III secretion system

VAMP:

vesicle-associated membrane protein

Xcc :

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris

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Acknowledgements

G.E. and M.-A.N acknowledge funding by The Danish Council for Independent Research, Technology and Production Sciences (FTP). J.M.D. acknowledges funding by the Science Foundation of Ireland through Principal Investigator Awards 03/IN3/B373 and 07/IN.1/B955.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark

    G. Erbs & M.-A. Newman

  2. Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Santangelo, Via Cintia 4, Napoli, I-80126, Italy

    A. Molinaro

  3. Department of Microbiology, BIOMERIT Research Centre, BioSciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

    J.M. Dow

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  1. G. Erbs
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  2. A. Molinaro
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Correspondence to M.-A. Newman .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Biochemistry, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China, People's Republic

    Xiaoyuan Wang

  2. European Southern Observatory (ESO), Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, Garching, 85748, Germany

    Peter J. Quinn

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Erbs, G., Molinaro, A., Dow, J., Newman, MA. (2010). Lipopolysaccharides and Plant Innate Immunity. In: Wang, X., Quinn, P. (eds) Endotoxins: Structure, Function and Recognition. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 53. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9078-2_17

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