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Early Pleistocene Mammalian Faunas of India and Evidence of Connections with Other Parts of the World

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Part of the book series: Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology ((VERT))

Abstract

In India, Early Pleistocene mammals have been found in Karewa Group of Kashmir Valley and the Pinjor Formation (Upper Siwalik Subgroup) of the Himalayan foothills. An attempt has been made here to integrate published fossil mammal data from the well dated sections in India to provide a Plio-Pleistocene biostratigraphic scheme. Occurrence of common mammals in Early Pleistocene hominin sites in Ethiopia, Algeria, Israel, Georgia, Indonesia, China as well as the Pinjor Formation of India and Pakistan indicates similar paleoenvironmental conditions and some faunal exchange. The beginning of the Pleistocene (1.8 Ma) saw an upsurge in tectonic activity all along the Himalayan foothills and this led to a change in depositional environment, slope and overall landscape. These factors, combined with overall global trend towards cool and dry conditions, were probably responsible for the spread of grasslands and shrinkage of forests, eventually aiding decline of the Siwalik mammalian faunal diversity.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to express our sincere thanks to Profs. John Fleagle, Richard Leakey, Frederick Grine, Lawrence Martin and John Shea for the opportunity to participate and contribute to the workshop on “Out of Africa I: Who, Where and When?” Rajeev Patnaik thanks DST, New Delhi (PURSE;SR/S4/ES-171/2005) for the financial support for ongoing research in the Siwaliks. We would like to express our thanks to Dr. R. Potts, R. Teague and anonymous reviewers for their critical evaluation of the manuscript and constructive comments. One of us (ACN) is also thankful to Dr. B. R. Arora, Director, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehra Dun for providing facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center of Advanced Study in Geology, Punjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India

    Rajeev Patnaik

  2. Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehra Dun, 248 001, India

    Avinash C. Nanda

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  1. Rajeev Patnaik
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  2. Avinash C. Nanda
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Correspondence to Rajeev Patnaik .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Center, Dept. Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794-8081, New York, USA

    John G. Fleagle

  2. , Department of Anthropology and Turkana B, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794-4364, New York, USA

    John J. Shea

  3. , Departments of Anthropolgy and Anatomica, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794-4364, New York, USA

    Frederick E. Grine

  4. , Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in An, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794-4364, New York, USA

    Andrea L. Baden

  5. , Department of Anthropology and Turkana B, Stony Brook University, New York, 11794-4364, New York, USA

    Richard E. Leakey

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Patnaik, R., Nanda, A.C. (2010). Early Pleistocene Mammalian Faunas of India and Evidence of Connections with Other Parts of the World. In: Fleagle, J., Shea, J., Grine, F., Baden, A., Leakey, R. (eds) Out of Africa I. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9036-2_9

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