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International Migration and the Future of Populations and Labour in Europe pp 269–291Cite as

Critical Assessment of Labour Force Evolution in Europe

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Part of the book series: The Springer Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis ((PSDE,volume 32))

Abstract

This chapter describes the changes in the European labour force and their determinants that will take place in the first half of the twenty-first century. It presents the challenges related to the supply side of the labour market—first of all, demographic processes of an aging society and their consequences for the European labour market and economy, with special emphasis on tools for extending economic activity of elderly persons (especially in the case of Poland). The chapter also identifies the tools for stimulating economic activity: putting more attention on education (especially lifelong learning), increasing flexibility of the labour market by development and utilization of new atypical forms of employment, addressing actions to make work more attractive as a source of income, and addressing ways to secure equal treatment of individuals by counteracting discrimination in the labour market. As for the demand side of the labour market, the chapter discusses the challenges connected with technological progress, relocation of business activities and jobs, and jobless growth, which will affect the future labour demand in European countries.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Atypical employment can take various forms, the most important of which are part-time jobs, fixed-time contracts, self-employment replacing employment contracts, on-call jobs, homeworking and teleworking. (See, e.g., Chobot 1997; Hajn 2003).

  2. 2.

    For instance, one programme addressing adults is Grundtvig, a component of the SOCRATES II programme. It aims to support lifelong education through innovations introduced to educational offers, raising their quality and making them more available for individuals who want to continue their education and gain new skills at any period of their life to strengthen their labour market position. The major groups of the programme’s beneficiaries are adults with special educational needs, low-skilled or unskilled adults, adults residing in rural and underdeveloped areas, and socially and economically disadvantaged persons, as well as other groups of the public facing impeded access to education.

  3. 3.

    The study referred to discusses two forms of atypical employment, i.e. part-time jobs and own-account work.

  4. 4.

    Eurostat data, http://epp.eurostat.CentralEurope.eu.int/portal/

  5. 5.

    Preretirement benefits were abandoned in 2002.

  6. 6.

    Information about the Programme for Economic Activation of Persons Aged 50 Years Plus was obtained from the website of the Polish Ministry of Economic Affairs and Labour (http://www.mgip.gov.pl/Programy/Program+50/).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Economic Policy, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

    Elżbieta Kryńska

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  1. Elżbieta Kryńska
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Correspondence to Elżbieta Kryńska .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Population Research, Central European Forum for Migration &, ul. Twarda 51/55, Warszawa, 00-818, Poland

    Marek Kupiszewski

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Kryńska, E. (2013). Critical Assessment of Labour Force Evolution in Europe. In: Kupiszewski, M. (eds) International Migration and the Future of Populations and Labour in Europe. The Springer Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis, vol 32. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8948-9_15

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