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Accretionary Prisms and Convergent Margin Tectonics in the Northwest Pacific Basin pp 97–128Cite as

Seafloor Geology of the Basement Serpentinite Body in the Ohmachi Seamount (Izu-Bonin Arc) as Exhumed Parts of a Subduction Zone Within the Philippine Sea

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Part of the book series: Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences ((MASE,volume 8))

Abstract

The Ohmachi Seamount in the Izu-Bonin frontal arc is one of the very rare localities where rocks from a deep subduction zone are exposed on the modern sea floor. Submersible and dredge results revealed that the basement serpentinite body is accompanied by small amounts of amphibole schist (six float stones less than 20 cm in diameter were collected) with relics of the blueschist to eclogite facies minerals, and is covered by volcanic and sedimentary sequences of Eocene to Miocene ages. In contrast to the occurrences of well-known serpentine mud volcanoes in the Mariana forearc, the Ohmachi Seamount serpentinite body is a coherent mass composed dominantly of ­massive serpentinite in upper horizons and of schistose serpentinite with amphibole schist in lower horizons. Both types of serpentinites consist mainly of antigorite  ±  ­olivine, and suffered greenschist to amphibolite grade metamorphism. Geologic structures are truncated by the base of the Paleogene, and the serpentinite body is interpreted as a basement complex representing a set of the hanging-wall wedge mantle (massive serpentinite) and the subduction channel (schistose serpentinite), which trapped pieces from the foot-wall subducted slab. The complex was exhumed probably along with one of the back-arc spreading in the Philippine Sea plate.

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Acknowledgments

This paper is dedicated to the late Prof. T. Watanabe, who conducted the scientific investigations of the YK01-04 cruise, and guided us to geological and petrological studies on the Ohmachi Seamount. The authors thank Captains O. Yukawa (YK01-04), U. Fujita (KT04-08) and S. Ryono (YK08-05), crews and on-shore staffs of R/V Yokosuka and Tansei-maru, commanding officers Y. Imai and T. Sakurai and the Shinkai 6500 operation team for their operation and administrations, and Ms. M. Aoki and M. Imamura for her assistance of onboard works in R/V Yokosuka. The Shinkai 6500 operation team also helped us to develop clinometer plate. Successful dredges of KT04-28 cruise owe greatly to operation and assistance by Prof. T. Ishii, Drs. S. Haraguchi and S. Machida, and other members of KT04-28 scientific party with fruitful discussions. Dr. A. Nishimura helped us to review results of GH84-1 and GH86-1 cruises. Constructive reviews by Drs. J. Wakabayashi and T. Tsujimori greatly helped to improve the manuscript. H. Ueda was financially supported by MEXT grant-in aid for JSPS Fellows 01403900 and 17740329, and for twenty-first Century COE Program “Neo-Science of Natural History” (Hokkaido University).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Education, Hirosaki University, Bunkyocho-1, Hirosaki, 036-8560, Aomori, Japan

    Hayato Ueda & Takahiro Saito

  2. Department of Natural History Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, N-10, W-8, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan

    Kiyoaki Niida, Takahiro Izumino & Toru Takeshita

  3. Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan

    Tadashi Usuki

  4. Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Hiroshima, Japan

    Ken-ich Hirauchi

  5. Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17A, Greifswald, D-17487, Germany

    Martin Meschede

  6. Miarine Science Division, Nippon Marine Enterprises, Ltd., 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan

    Ryo Miura

  7. The University of Tsukuba, 1-127-2-C-740 Yokodai, Tsukubamirai, 300-2358, Japan (home)

    Yujiro Ogawa

  8. Institute of Geology and Geoinformation, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 7, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567, Japan

    Makoto Yuasa

  9. Department of Marine Mineral Resources, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University, 3-20-1 Orito, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka, 424-8610, Japan

    Izumi Sakamoto & Yuki Miyajima

  10. Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan

    Tae Chiba

  11. Hokkaido Hiyama-kita Senior High School, 360 Niwa, Kitahiyama-ku, Setana Town, 049-4433, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan

    Yoshiyuki Kuramoto

  12. Hidaka Mountains Museum, 297-12 Honcho-Higashi, Hidaka Town, 055-2301, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan

    Toyoto Azuma

  13. Center for Chronological Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan

    Takeshi Imayama

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  1. Hayato Ueda
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Correspondence to Hayato Ueda .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Obari, Century Tsukuba-Miraidaira C-740, Yokodai 1-127-2, Tsukubamirai-shi, 300-2358, Japan

    Yujiro Ogawa

  2. Graduate School of Life &, Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ten-nodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan

    Ryo Anma

  3. Dept. Geology, Miami University, Shideler Hall 114, Oxford, 45056, Ohio, USA

    Yildirim Dilek

Appendix: In Situ Measurement of Geological Surface Orientation by Submersible

Appendix: In Situ Measurement of Geological Surface Orientation by Submersible

Foliation planes by schistosity were measured by a newly developed clinometer plate at three localities during the dive 6K#1064. Bedding plane of semi-­consolidated mudstone was also measured at a locality of the dive 6K#1067 by the same method. Here we describe the outline of the method, and more detailed method, calibration, and evaluation of its reliability will be given in another paper.

The clinometer plate is an acryl disc 24 cm in diameter with a steal vertical bar 12 cm long at the center (Fig. 12). Both the disc and the vertical bar are scaled at 1 cm intervals by painting. The disc is mounted on a steel disc of the same diameter, on which a handle is equipped. At the outcrop, the clinometer plate was laid on, or set parallel to the surface structure of interest, handled by the manipulator of the submersible. And it was photographed by a camera, whose focal length and orientation relative to the submersible were logged. Also logged was orientation of the submersible.

Fig. 12
figure 12_5

Photograph of in-situ measurement using the clinometer plate at a sea-floor outcrop (6K#1064 Loc. 5: 3,277 mbsl)

Full size image

The photographs were analyzed by the following procedures. First, the angle ϕ of the vertical bar to the line of sight (connecting the lens and disc centers) was calculated by a simple graphical analysis shown in Fig. 13. The lengths b and s in Fig. 13a was determined reading the scale of the point where scales of the disc and the vertical bar were overlapped in the picture. And the distance d was estimated based on the approximate proportional relation between d by the real disc radius and the focal length by the disc radius projected on the imaging device (CCD). Also measured was the projected tilt angle τ of the bar in the picture (Fig. 12). The angles ϕ and τ give azimuth and dip of the disc plane (i.e. the surface) relative to the line of sight (Fig. 13b). And this apparent orientation was calibrated along with camera centering, pan and tilt angles of the camera, heading, pitch, and roll angles of the submersible, and the installation angles of the rotation axes of the camera to the submersible. Distortion of the picture was not corrected, however, the on-shore tests gave good agreements with measurements by a magnetic clinometer compass within the errors less than several degrees.

Fig. 13
figure 13_5

Theory for the measurement of surface structures by the clinometer plate. (a) Measure­ment of the bar angle to the line of sight. (b) Stereo net projection (upper hemisphere) for the relation between graphic analysis and the correspondent surface orientation

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Ueda, H. et al. (2011). Seafloor Geology of the Basement Serpentinite Body in the Ohmachi Seamount (Izu-Bonin Arc) as Exhumed Parts of a Subduction Zone Within the Philippine Sea. In: Ogawa, Y., Anma, R., Dilek, Y. (eds) Accretionary Prisms and Convergent Margin Tectonics in the Northwest Pacific Basin. Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences, vol 8. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8885-7_5

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