Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

ω-3 PUFAs and Prostate Cancer: Epidemiological Studies

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Dietary Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cancer

Part of the book series: Diet and Cancer ((DICA,volume 1))

Abstract

This chapter reviews all studies published before 31 May 2009 and having searched associations between the intakes or the blood levels of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and prostate cancer risk, including studies on fish or seafood intake. The association between higher α-linolenic acid intakes or blood levels and an increased risk of advanced prostate cancer, which was found in several earlier studies and had raised some concern, was not confirmed in most later studies, especially in cohort studies. However, the heterogeneity of the results calls for further research. Among the numerous studies having looked for the association between fish or long-chain ω-3 PUFA intakes and prostate cancer risk, only a few have found a decreased risk with higher intakes, and the association appears to depend on COX-2 genetic variants. A strong decrease in the risk of metastatic or fatal prostate cancer in higher fish consumers was observed in some cohort studies, suggesting a possible protective effect of long-chain ω-3 PUFAs on the later stages of cancer progression. Further studies based on improved methodology, i.e. in particular, accurate measure of exposure, assessment of cancer stage and grade, and controlling for confounding variables, especially for PSA screening, are strongly awaited.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P. Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin 2005;55:74–108.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Grönberg H. Prostate cancer epidemiology. Lancet 2003;361:859–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Baade PD, Youlden DR, Krnjacki LJ. International epidemiology of prostate cancer: Geographical distribution and secular trends. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009;53:171–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Hsing AW, Chokkalingam AP. Prostate cancer epidemiology. Front Biosci. 2006;11:1388–413.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Lichtenstein P, Holm NV, Verkasalo PK et al. Environmental and heritable factors in the causation of cancer–analyses of cohorts of twins from Sweden, Denmark, and Finland. N Engl J Med 2000;343:78–85.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Chan JM, Gann PH, Giovannucci EL. Role of diet in prostate cancer development and progression. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:8152–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Sonn GA, Aronson W, Litwin MS. Impact of diet on prostate cancer: a review. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2005;8:304–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Ma RW, Chapman K. A systematic review of the effect of diet on prostate cancer prevention and treatment. J Hum Nutr Diet 2009. Jun;22 (3):187–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Platz EA, De Marzo AM, Giovannucci E. Prostate cancer association studies: pitfalls and solutions to cancer misclassification in the PSA era. J Cell Biochem. 2004;91:553–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Hulshof KF, Erp-Baart MA, Anttolainen M et al. Intake of fatty acids in western Europe with emphasis on trans fatty acids: the TRANSFAIR Study. Eur J Clin Nutr 1999;53:143–57.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Astorg P, Arnault N, Czernichow S, Noisette N, Galan P, Hercberg S. Dietary intakes and food sources of n–6 and n–3 PUFA in French adult men and women. Lipids 2004;39:527–35.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Fuhrman BJ, Barba M, Krogh V et al. Erythrocyte membrane phospholipid composition as a biomarker of dietary fat. Ann Nutr Metab 2006;50:95–102.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Sun Q, Ma J, Campos H, Hankinson SE, Hu FB. Comparison between plasma and erythrocyte fatty acid content as biomarkers of fatty acid intake in US women. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86:74–81.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Astorg P, Bertrais S, Laporte F et al. Plasma n–6 and n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as biomarkers of their dietary intakes: a cross-sectional study within a cohort of middle-aged French men and women. Eur J Clin Nutr 2008;62:1155–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Baylin A, Campos H. The use of fatty acid biomarkers to reflect dietary intake. Curr Opin Lipidol 2006;17:22–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Hodson L, Skeaff CM, Fielding BA. Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue and blood in humans and its use as a biomarker of dietary intake. Prog Lipid Res 2008;47:348–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Plourde M, Cunnane SC. Extremely limited synthesis of long chain polyunsaturates in adults: implications for their dietary essentiality and use as supplements. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2007;32:619–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Astorg P. Dietary N-6 and N–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and prostate cancer risk: a review of epidemiological and experimental evidence. Cancer Causes Control 2004;15:367–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Attar-Bashi NM, Frauman AG, Sinclair AJ. Alpha-linolenic acid and the risk of prostate cancer. What is the evidence? J Urol 2004;171:1402–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Brouwer IA, Katan MB, Zock PL. Dietary alpha-linolenic acid is associated with reduced risk of fatal coronary heart disease, but increased prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis. J Nutr 2004;134:919–22.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Colditz GA et al. A prospective study of dietary fat and risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:1571–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Gann PH, Hennekens CH, Sacks FM, Grodstein F, Giovannucci EL, Stampfer MJ. Prospective study of plasma fatty acids and risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994;86:281–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Colli JL, Colli A. Comparisons of prostate cancer mortality rates with dietary practices in the United States. Urol Oncol 2005;23:390–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Bakker N, Van’t Veer P, Zock PL. Adipose fatty acids and cancers of the breast, prostate and colon: an ecological study. EURAMIC Study Group. Int J Cancer 1997;72:587–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Kobayashi M, Sasaki S, Hamada GS, Tsugane S. Serum n–3 fatty acids, fish consumption and cancer mortality in six Japanese populations in Japan and Brazil. Jpn J Cancer Res 1999;90:914–21.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Andersson SO, Wolk A, Bergstrom R et al. Energy, nutrient intake and prostate cancer risk: a population-based case-control study in Sweden. Int J Cancer 1996;68:716–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Meyer F, Bairati I, Fradet Y, Moore L. Dietary energy and nutrients in relation to preclinical prostate cancer. Nutr Cancer 1997;29:120–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Bairati I, Meyer F, Fradet Y, Moore L. Dietary fat and advanced prostate cancer. J Urol 1998;159:1271–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. De Stefani E, Deneo-Pellegrini H, Boffetta P, Ronco A, Mendilaharsu M. Alpha-linolenic acid and risk of prostate cancer: a case-control study in Uruguay. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000;9:335–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Ramon JM, Bou R, Romea S et al. Dietary fat intake and prostate cancer risk: a case-control study in Spain. Cancer Causes Control 2000;11:679–85.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Hedelin M, Chang ET, Wiklund F et al. Association of frequent consumption of fatty fish with prostate cancer risk is modified by COX-2 polymorphism. Int J Cancer 2007;120:398–405.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Hodge AM, English DR, McCredie MR et al. Foods, nutrients and prostate cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2004;15:11–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Bidoli E, Talamini R, Bosetti C et al. Macronutrients, fatty acids, cholesterol and prostate cancer risk. Ann Oncol 2005;16:152–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Fradet V, Cheng I, Casey G, Witte JS. Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Cyclooxygenase-2 Genetic Variation, and Aggressive Prostate Cancer Risk. Clin Cancer Res. 2009;15:2559–66.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, Michaud DS et al. Dietary intake of n–3 and n–6 fatty acids and the risk of prostate cancer. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:204–16.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Platz EA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. Risk factors for prostate cancer incidence and progression in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. Int J Cancer 2007;121:1571–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Schuurman AG, van den Brandt PA, Dorant E, Brants HA, Goldbohm RA. Association of energy and fat intake with prostate carcinoma risk: results from The Netherlands Cohort Study. Cancer 1999;86:1019–27.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Mannistö S, Pietinen P, Virtanen MJ et al. Fatty acids and risk of prostate cancer in a nested case-control study in male smokers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2003;12:1422–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Laaksonen DE, Laukkanen JA, Niskanen L et al. Serum linoleic and total polyunsaturated fatty acids in relation to prostate and other cancers: a population-based cohort study. Int J Cancer 2004;111:444–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Wallström P, Bjartell A, Gullberg B, Olsson H, Wirfält E. A prospective study on dietary fat and incidence of prostate cancer (Malmo, Sweden) . Cancer Causes Control 2007;18:1107–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Koralek DO, Peters U, Andriole G et al. A prospective study of dietary alpha-linolenic acid and the risk of prostate cancer (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2006;17:783–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Park SY, Murphy SP, Wilkens LR, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN. Fat and meat intake and prostate cancer risk: The multiethnic cohort study. Int J Cancer 2007;121:1339–45.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Newcomer LM, King IB, Wicklund KG, Stanford JL. The association of fatty acids with prostate cancer risk. Prostate 2001;47:262–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Godley PA, Campbell MK, Gallagher P, Martinson FE, Mohler JL, Sandler RS. Biomarkers of essential fatty acid consumption and risk of prostatic carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1996;5:889–95.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Freeman VL, Meydani M, Yong S Freeman VLet al. Prostatic levels of fatty acids and the histopathology of localized prostate cancer. J Urol 2000;164:2168–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Freeman VL, Meydani M, Hur K, Flanigan RC. Inverse association between prostatic polyunsaturated fatty acid and risk of locally advanced prostate carcinoma. Cancer 2004;101:2744–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Yang YJ, Lee SH, Hong SJ, Chung BC. Comparison of fatty acid profiles in the serum of patients with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Clin Biochem 1999;32:405–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Mamalakis G, Kafatos A, Kalogeropoulos N, Andrikopoulos N, Daskalopulos G, Kranidis A. Prostate cancer vs hyperplasia: relationships with prostatic and adipose tissue fatty acid composition. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2002;66:467–77.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Christensen JH, Fabrin K, Borup K, Barber N, Poulsen J. Prostate tissue and leukocyte levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in men with benign prostate hyperplasia or prostate cancer. BJU Int 2006;97:270–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Ritch CR, Wan RL, Stephens LB et al. Dietary fatty acids correlate with prostate cancer biopsy grade and volume in Jamaican men. J Urol 2007;177:97–101.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Ritch CR, Brendler CB, Wan RL, Pickett KE, Sokoloff MH. Relationship of erythrocyte membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids and prostate-specific antigen levels in Jamaican men. BJU Int 2004;93:1211–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Harvei S, Bjerve KS, Tretli S, Jellum E, Robsahm TE, Vatten L. Prediagnostic level of fatty acids in serum phospholipids: omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and the risk of prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 1997;71:545–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Chavarro JE, Stampfer MJ, Li H, Campos H, Kurth T, Ma J. A Prospective Study of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels in Blood and Prostate Cancer Risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16:1364–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Chavarro JE, Stampfer MJ, Campos H, Kurth T, Willett WC, Ma J. A prospective study of trans-Fatty Acid levels in blood and risk of prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17:95–101.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Park SY, Wilkens LR, Henning SM et al. Circulating fatty acids and prostate cancer risk in a nested case-control study: the Multiethnic Cohort. Cancer Causes Control 2009;20:211–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Crowe FL, Allen NE, Appleby PN et al. Fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids and risk of prostate cancer in a case-control analysis nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88:1353–63.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Crowe FL, Key TJ, Appleby PN et al. Dietary fat intake and risk of prostate cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:1405–13.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Dennis LK, Snetselaar LG, Smith BJ, Stewart RE, Robbins ME. Problems with the assessment of dietary fat in prostate cancer studies. Am J Epidemiol 2004;160:436–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Norrish AE, Skeaff CM, Arribas GL, Sharpe SJ, Jackson RT. Prostate cancer risk and consumption of fish oils: a dietary biomarker-based case-control study. Br J Cancer 1999;81:1238–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Simon JA, Chen YH, Bent S. The relation of {alpha}-linolenic acid to the risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89:1558S–64S.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Bemrah N, Sirot V, Leblanc JC, Volatier JL. Fish and seafood consumption and omega 3 intake in French coastal populations: CALIPSO survey. Public Health Nutr 2009;12:599–608.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Hebert JR, Hurley TG, Olendzki BC, Teas J, Ma Y, Hampl JS. Nutritional and socioeconomic factors in relation to prostate cancer mortality: a cross-national study. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998;90:1637–47.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Colli JL, Colli A. International comparisons of prostate cancer mortality rates with dietary practices and sunlight levels. Urol Oncol 2006;24:184–94.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Bouchardy C, Fioretta G, Rapiti E et al. Recent trends in prostate cancer mortality show a continuous decrease in several countries. Int J Cancer 2008;123:421–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Prener A, Storm HH, Nielsen NH. Cancer of the male genital tract in Circumpolar Inuit. Acta Oncol 1996;35:589–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Dewailly E, Mulvad G, Sloth PH, Hansen JC, Behrendt N, Hart Hansen JP. Inuit are protected against prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2003;12:926–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Talamini R, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C, Serraino D, Barra S, Negri E. Diet and prostatic cancer: a case-control study in northern Italy. Nutr Cancer 1992;18:277–86.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Deneo-Pellegrini H, De Stefani E, Ronco A, Mendilaharsu M. Foods, nutrients and prostate cancer: a case-control study in Uruguay. Br J Cancer 1999;80:591–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Kristal AR, Cohen JH, Qu P, Stanford JL. Associations of energy, fat, calcium, and vitamin D with prostate cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2002;11:719–25.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Chen YC, Chiang CI, Lin RS, Pu YS, Lai MK, Sung FC. Diet, vegetarian food and prostate carcinoma among men in Taiwan. Br J Cancer 2005;93:1057–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Mina K, Fritschi L, Johnson KC. An inverse association between preserved fish and prostate cancer: results from a population-based case-control study in Canada. Nutr Cancer 2008;60:222–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Key TJ, Silcocks PB, Davey GK, Appleby PN, Bishop DT. A case-control study of diet and prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 1997;76:678–87.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Fernandez E, Chatenoud L, La Vecchia C, Negri E, Franceschi S. Fish consumption and cancer risk. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:85–90.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Mishina T, Watanabe H, Araki H, Nakao M. Epidemiological study of prostatic cancer by matched-pair analysis. Prostate 1985;6:423–36.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Sonoda T, Nagata Y, Mori M et al. A case-control study of diet and prostate cancer in Japan: possible protective effect of traditional Japanese diet. Cancer Sci 2004;95:238–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Amin M, Jeyaganth S, Fahmy N et al. Dietary habits and prostate cancer detection: a case-control study. Can.Urol Assoc J 2008;2:510–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Severson RK, Nomura AM, Grove JS, Stemmermann GN. A prospective study of demographics, diet, and prostate cancer among men of Japanese ancestry in Hawaii. Cancer Res 1989;49:1857–60.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Le Marchand L, Kolonel LN, Wilkens LR, Myers BC, Hirohata T. Animal fat consumption and prostate cancer: a prospective study in Hawaii. Epidemiology 1994;5:276–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Veierod MB, Laake P, Thelle DS. Dietary fat intake and risk of lung cancer: a prospective study of 51,452 Norwegian men and women. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:540–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Schuurman AG, van den Brandt PA, Dorant E, Goldbohm RA. Animal products, calcium and protein and prostate cancer risk in The Netherlands Cohort Study. Br J Cancer 1999;80:1107–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Rohrmann S, Platz EA, Kavanaugh CJ, Thuita L, Hoffman SC, Helzlsouer KJ. Meat and dairy consumption and subsequent risk of prostate cancer in a US cohort study. Cancer Causes Control 2007;18:41–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Allen NE, Key TJ, Appleby PN et al. Animal foods, protein, calcium and prostate cancer risk: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Br J Cancer 2008;98:1574–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Mills PK, Beeson WL, Phillips RL, Fraser GE. Cohort study of diet, lifestyle, and prostate cancer in Adventist men. Cancer 1989;64:598–604.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Allen NE, Sauvaget C, Roddam AW et al. A prospective study of diet and prostate cancer in Japanese men. Cancer Causes Control 2004;15:911–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Kvåle R, Auvinen A, Adami HO et al. Interpreting trends in prostate cancer incidence and mortality in the five Nordic countries. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:1881–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Augustsson K, Michaud DS, Rimm EB et al. A prospective study of intake of fish and marine fatty acids and prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2003;12:64–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Chan JM, Holick CN, Leitzmann MF et al. Diet after diagnosis and the risk of prostate cancer progression, recurrence, and death (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2006;17:199–208.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Terry P, Lichtenstein P, Feychting M, Ahlbom A, Wolk A. Fatty fish consumption and risk of prostate cancer. Lancet 2001;357:1764–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Sato F, Shimazu T, Kuriyama S et al. [Fish intake and the risk of prostate cancer in Japan: a prospective cohort study]. Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 2008;99:14–21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Pham TM, Fujino Y, Kubo T et al. Fish intake and the risk of fatal prostate cancer: findings from a cohort study in Japan. Public Health Nutr 2009;12:609–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Chavarro JE, Stampfer MJ, Hall MN, Sesso HD, Ma J. A 22-y prospective study of fish intake in relation to prostate cancer incidence and mortality. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88:1297–303.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Freeman VL, Flanigan RC, Meydani M. Prostatic fatty acids and cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy for early-stage prostate cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2007;18:211–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Patel MI, Kurek C, Dong Q. The arachidonic acid pathway and its role in prostate cancer development and progression. J Urol 2008;179:1668–75.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Harris RE. Cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) blockade in the chemoprevention of cancers of the colon, breast, prostate, and lung. Inflammopharmacology 2009;17:55–67.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Cohen BL, Gomez P, Omori Y et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is an independent predictor of prostate cancer recurrence. Int J Cancer 2006;119:1082–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Khor LY, Bae K , Pollack A et al. COX-2 expression predicts prostate-cancer outcome: analysis of data from the RTOG 92-02 trial. Lancet Oncol 2007;8:912–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Cheng I, Liu X, Plummer SJ, Krumroy LM, Casey G, Witte JS. COX2 genetic variation, NSAIDs, and advanced prostate cancer risk. Br J Cancer 2007;97:557–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Panguluri RC, Long LO, Chen W et al. COX-2 gene promoter haplotypes and prostate cancer risk. Carcinogenesis 2004;25:961–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Shahedi K, Lindstrom S, Zheng SL et al. Genetic variation in the COX-2 gene and the association with prostate cancer risk. Int J Cancer 2006;119:668–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Fernandez P, de Beer PM, van der ML, Heyns CF. COX-2 promoter polymorphisms and the association with prostate cancer risk in South African men. Carcinogenesis 2008;29:2347–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unité Nutrition et Régulation Lipidique des Fonctions Cérébrales (NuReLiCe), INRA, 78352, Jouy en Josas Cedex, France

    Pierre Astorg

Authors
  1. Pierre Astorg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pierre Astorg .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore - Roma, Largo F. Vito 1, Roma, 00168, Italy

    Gabriella Calviello

  2. Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore - Roma, Largo F. Vito 1, Roma, 00168, Italy

    Simona Serini

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Astorg, P. (2010). ω-3 PUFAs and Prostate Cancer: Epidemiological Studies. In: Calviello, G., Serini, S. (eds) Dietary Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cancer. Diet and Cancer, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3579-0_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3579-0_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-481-3578-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-90-481-3579-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation