Abstract
This chapter seeks to examine the impact of two federal policies, No Child Left Behind (NCLB) and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), on educators in the USA during the past decade of reform. NCLB was signed into law in 2002 and is having a profound effect on the education of all students, including students considered at risk for academic failure, such as students with disabilities, students from diverse racial and ethnic minority groups, students from low socioeconomic (SES) backgrounds, and students who are Limited English Proficient (LEP), better known as English Language Learners (ELLs). NCLB “moved the federal government’s role in education from being primarily a source of funding—now about 9% of every public school dollar—to being a major factor in shaping the substance of P-12 curriculum and instruction” (Lieberman, 2008: 1). The most central requirements of NCLB relate to accountability and raising academic expectations. This law mandates that all students (including those from the aforementioned groups) must make adequate yearly progress (AYP). The overall goal is that all students should be achieving reading and math at grade level by the end of the 2013–2014 school year. NCLB establishes that all students must be taught core academic content by teachers who are highly qualified. A 2007 report by the US Department of Education (USDOE) states NCLB requires states to set standards for all teachers to be considered highly qualified and districts to notify parents of students … if their child’s teacher does not meet these standards. The requirements apply to all teachers of core academic subjects: English, reading or language arts, mathematics, science, foreign languages, civics and government, economics, arts, history, and geography and the requirements also apply to teachers who provide instruction in these subjects to students with limited English proficiency (LEP) and students with disabilities. (USDOE/www.ed.gov/rschstat/eval/teaching/nclb/execsum.html)
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Acker-Hocevar M, Cruz-Janzen MI (2008) Teacher and principal preparation programs: Reforms that sustain high performance and learning in high poverty and diverse schools. The International Journal of Learning 14(10):87–95.
Acker-Hocevar M, Cruz-Janzen M, Wilson CL, Schoon P, Walker D (2005/2006) The need to reestablish schools as dynamic positive human energy systems that are non-linear and self-organizing: The learning partnership tree. The International Journal of Learning 12(10):255–267.
Acker-Hocevar M, Mountford M, Maslin-Ostrowski P (2008, October/November) Where does Florida stand now: Bogged down or buoyed by standards? Paper accepted for presentation at the annual meeting of the University Council of Educational Administration (UCEA), Orlando, FL.
American Federation of Teachers (AFT) (2006a) English language learners: Where do we stand? Retrieved from www.aft.org/pubs-reports/downloads/teachers/ellwws.pdf
American Federation of Teachers (AFT) (2006b) English language learners and NCLB: Testing requirements [Questions and answers about No Child Left Behind]. Retrieved from www.aft.org/topics/nclb/downloads/QAELL0404.pdf
Baines LA (2006) Deconstructing teacher certification. Phi Delta Kappan 88(4):326–328.
Belieu E (January 27, 2008) Unnatural disaster in our colleges: The worsening money crisis is a smack upside the head of the college classes. St Pete Times, retrieved October, 10, 2008. Retrieved from http://www.fsu.com/financial_crisis/media/editorial_st_pete_times_080127.pdf
Billingsley B, McLeskey J (2004) Critical issues in special education teacher supply and demand: Overview. The Journal of Special Education 38(4):2–4.
Brownell MT, Hirsch E & Seo S (2004) Meeting the demand for highly qualified special education teachers during severe shortages: What should policymakers consider? The Journal of Special Education 38(4):56–61.
Council for Exceptional Children (2003) What every special educator must know: The international standards for the preparation and certification of special education teachers, 5th edn. Author, Arlington, VA.
Darling-Hammond L, Sykes G (2003, September 17) Wanted: A national teacher supply policy for education: The right way to meet the “Highly Qualified Teacher” challenge? Education Policy Analysis Archives 11(33). Retrieved from www. epaa.asu.edu/epaa/v11n33/
Florida Department of Education (FDOE) (1990) Florida consent Ddcree: Court order (1990). Bureau of student achievement through language acquisition. Retrieved from www.fldoe.org/aala/lulac.asp#four
Florida Education Standards Commission (1999) Educator accomplished practices: Preprofessional competencies for teachers of the twenty-first century.
Florida Principal Leadership Standards (SBE Rule 6B-5.0012) (2005).
Florida Statute Rule 6A-5.081 (Cecil Golden legislation) (2007) Retrieved from https://www.flrules.org/gateway/ChapterHome.asp?Chapter=6A-5
Goodman G Arbona C, Dominguez de Rameriz R (2008) High-stakes, minimum competency exams: How competent are they for evaluating teacher competence? Journal of Teacher Education 59(1) 24–39.
Hess F, Kelly A (2005) The accidental principal: What doesn’t get taught at ed schools? Education Next 5(3):35–40.
Hussar WJ (1999) Predicting the need for newly hired teachers in the United States to 2008–09. National Center for Education Statistics, Washington, DC.
Hyatt KJ (2007) The new IDEA: Changes, concerns, and questions. Intervention in School and Clinic 42:131–136.
Ingersoll R (2001) Teacher turnover, teacher shortages, and the organization of schools. Center for the Study of Teaching and Policy, University of Washington, Washington, DC.
Leithwood K, Seashore Louis K, Anderson S, Wahlstrom K (2004) How leadership influences student learning. Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement, University of Minnesota and Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto.
Lieberman J (2008) Navigating educational change: Creating P-12 NCLB resource guides. American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education (AACTE). All Academic Research. Retrieved from www.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/0/3/5/0/0/pages35001/p35001–1.php
McLeskey J, Tyler NC, Flippin SS (2004) The supply of and demand for special education teachers: A review of research regarding the chronic shortage of special education teachers. The Journal of Special Education 38(4):5–21.
Murphy J (ed) (2002a) The educational leadership challenge: Redefining leadership for the 21st century (National Society for the Study of Education Yearbook, Vol. 101A). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
Murphy J (2002b, April) Reculturing the profession of educational leadership: Newblueprints. Educational Administration Quarterly 38(3):176–191.
National Center for Alternative Certification (NCAC) (2009) www.teach-now.org/default.cfm
National Center for Education Information (NCEI) (2007, May) Teacher quality and alternative certification programs. Washington, DC. www.ncei.com/index.html
National Council for Teachers of English (NCTE) (2007) Research clips on English language learners. NCTE’s policy research brief. www.ncte.org/library/NCTEFiles/Resources/PolicyResearch/ELLClips.pdf
Nieto S (2005 January-March) Schools for a new majority: The role of teacher education in hard times. The New Educator 1(1).
Paige R (2002a) US Department of Education (USDOE). Speeches. US Secretary of Education. Retrieved from www.ed.gov/news/speeches/2002/06/061102.html
Paige R (2002b) Meeting the highly qualified teachers challenge: The secretary’s annual report on teacher quality. US Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education, Washington, DC.
Quality Counts (2000) Bethesda: MD. Editorial Projects in Education.
Quality Counts (2006) Bethesda: MD. Editorial Projects in Education.
Quality Counts (2007) Bethesda: MD. Editorial Projects in Education.
Southern Regional Education Board (2006) Schools can’t wait: Accelerating the redesign of university principal preparation programs. Atlanta, GA.
US Department of Education (USDOE) (2003) Meeting the highly qualified teachers challenge: The Secretary’s second annual report on teacher quality. Office of Postsecondary Education, Washington, DC.
US Department of Education (USDOE) (2007) Evaluation of Programs: State and Local Implementation of the No Child Left Behind Act, Vol. II: Teacher Quality under NCLB: Interim Report. Washington, DC.
Wakefield D (2003) Screening teacher candidates: Problems with high-stakes testing. The Educational Forum 67(4):308–388.
Walsh K (2001) Teacher certification reconsidered: Stumbling for quality. Abell Foundation, Baltimore, MD.
Young MD, Petersen GJ, Short PM (2002, April) The complexity of substantive reform: A call for interdependency among key stakeholders. Educational Administration Quarterly 38(2):137–175.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Acker-Hocevar, M., Cruz-Janzen, M.I., Wilson, C.L. (2010). The Impact of Two Policies on Principal and Teacher Preparation Programs: No Child Left Behind and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. In: Zajda, J. (eds) Globalization, Education and Social Justice. Globalisation, Comparative Education and Policy Research, vol 10. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3221-8_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3221-8_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-3220-1
Online ISBN: 978-90-481-3221-8
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawEducation (R0)