Abstract
This review is devoted to modern methods of earthquake (EQ) prediction. Section 4.2 contains the first results of special satellite “COMPASS 2” destined for the detection of seism-electromagnetic (EM) effects. A whistler group in the higher-order guided mode was recorded. Probably it was propagating between two layers, caused by onion-like structure of inhomogeneities in the plasma sphere. In Section 4.3, ELF-VLF effects observed over seism-active regions by the satellite “INTERCOSMOS-24” are considered. It was revealed that the D-region conductivity decreases during the earthquake preparation at Kp < 3 and increases during geomagnetic disturbances. The seismic and geomagnetic effects are assumed to be attributable, respectively, to the increase in near-ground atmospheric conductivity caused by radon emanation during fissuring and to the precipitation of high-energy particles from the inner radiation belt. In Section 4.4, results of the earthquake precursor occurrence time analysis in quasi-static electric field of the surface atmosphere on the Kamchatka Peninsula are presented. The propagation velocity of the precursors and their occurrence time are estimated for different geophysical conditions. ULF-effects in magnetic fields as a result of aftershocks are considered. In Section 4.5, relation between precursors in quasistatic electric fields and in ionosphere parameters is analyzed. This relation reflects the processes of lithosphere–ionosphere interaction.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Gufeld, L.I.: Seismic process physical-chemistry aspects RSA, Academia of Cosmonavtics, IPE. Moscow, pp. 153 (2007)
Korepanov, V.E.: The modem trends in space electromagnetic instrumentation. Adv. Space Res. 32(3), 401406 (2003). doi:10.l016/S0273-–1177(03)9020-8
Lichtenberger, J., Ferencz, O.E., Bodnar, L., Hamar, D., Steinbach, P.: Automatic whistler detector and analyzer system: Automatic whistler detector. J. Geoph. Res., 113, A12201 (2008). doi:10.1029/2008JA013467
Mikhailov, Yu.M., Mikhailova, G.A., Kapustina, O.V., Druzhin, G.I., Smirnov, S.S., Ferencz, C.H., Lichtenberger, Ja., Bodnar, L., Korepanov, V.: E.: COMPASS 2 Satellite and ground base VLF-experiments. In: Abstracts. AIS-2008 “Atmosphere, Ionosphere, Safety”, July 7–12, Kaliningrad, pp. 31 (2008)
Ferencz, O.E., Bodnar, L., Ferencz, C., Hamar, D., Lichtenberger, J., Steinbach, P., Korepanov, V., Mikhailova, G., Mikhailov, Yu, Kuznetsov, V.: Ducted whistlers propagating in higher order guided mode and recorded on board of COMPASS-2 satellite by the advanced signal Analyzer and Sampler SAS2. J. Geoph. Res. 114, A003213 (2008). doi: 1029/2008. JA013542, (2009)
Ferencz, O. E., Steinbach, P., Ferencz, C., Lichtenbcrger, J., Hamar, D., Berthelier, J.J., Lefeuvre, F., Parrot, M.: Full-wave modeling of long subionospheric propagation and fractional hop whistlers on electric field data of the DEMETFR satellite, paper presented at International Symposium on DEMETER, Cent. Nat. d’Etud, Spalialcs, Toulouse, France, 14–16 June (2006a)
Ferencz, O. E., Steinbach, P, Ferencz, C., Lichtenberger, J., Parrot, M., Lefeuvre, F.: UWB modeling of guided waves in anisotropic plasmas, paper presented at 2nd VERSIM Workshop 2006, Sodankyla Geophys. Obs., Sodunkyla, Finland (2006b)
Ruzhin, Yu.Ya., Zakharova, O.K.: Magnetic conjugation as a subject of investigation by the method of active experiments. Preprint N.23 (970), IZMIRAN, Moscow (1991)
Al’pert, Ya.L.: Radio-wave propagation and the ionosphere. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow (1960)
Mikhailova, G.A., Golyavin, A.M., Mikhailov, Yu.M.: Dynamic spectra of VLF emissions in the topside ionosphere connected with Iranian earthquake of 21 June 1990 (The Intercosmos-24 Satellite). Geomag. Aeron. 31(5), 801 (1991)
Aksenov, V.I.: On the origin of the electromagnetic waves of extremely low frequency through the ionospheric plasma. Radiotekhn. Elektron. 11(6), 1030 (1966)
Aleshina, M.E., Voronov, S.A., Gal’per, A.M., et al.: On the relationship between the positions of seismic centers and regions of high-energy particle precipitations from the radiation belt. Kosmich. Issled. 30(1), 79 (1992)
Gal’perin, Yu.L, Gladyshev, V.A., Georgio, N.V., et al.: Precipitation of energetic trapped particles in the magnetosphere over the epicenter of a preparing earthquake. Kosmich. Issled. 30(1), 89 (1992)
Ginzburg, E.A., Malyshev, A.V., Proshkin, I.P., Pustovetov, V.P.: Correlation of strong earthquakes with variations of the radiation-belt particle flux. Geomag. Aeron. 34(3), 60 (1994)
Martynenko, S.I., Fuks, I.M., Shubova, R.S.: Response of the lower ionosphere to variations in near-ground atmospheric conductivity. Geomagn. Aeron. 34(2), 121 (1994)
Mikhailov, Yu.M., Mikhailova, G.A., Kapustina, O.V.: ELF and VLF Electromagnetic background in the topic ionosphere over seismically active areas. Geomag. Aeronom. 37(4), 450–455 (1997)
Rulenko O.P., Ivanov, A.V., Shumeiko, A.V. :A short-term atmospheric electric precursor of the Kamchatka earthquake of March 6, 1992 (M = 6.1). Dokl. Ross. Akad. Nauk. 326(6), 980–982 (1992)
Mikhailov, Yu. M.: Seismoelectromagnetic signals before earthquakes on Kamchatka, solar-terrestrial bonds and electromagnetic precursors of earthquakes. In: Rep.4th International Meeting, Paratunka, Kamchatka region, pp. 398–402, Aug 2007
Mikhailov, Yu. M.: On the possible role of atmospheric waves in the formation of electromagnetic precursors of earthquakes. In: 2nd All-Russia Workshop on Electromagnetic Sounding of the Earth. November 28–30, 2005, Moscow. Tsentr Geoelektromagnit. Issled, pp. 91. IFZ RAN, Moscow (2005)
Zubkov, S.I.: About dependence time and radius of appearance of electrotelluric precursors from energy of earthquake. Phys. Earth. 5, 101–106 (1987) (in Russian)
Korsunova, L.P., Khegai, V.V.: Seismoionospheric effects of strong crustal earthquakes in the Pacific Region. Geomagn. Aeron. 45(5), 706–711 (2005)
Sorokin, V.M., Chmyrev, V.M., Pohotelov, O.A., Liperovski, V.A.: Review of lithosphere-ionosphere relations at preparing of earthquake periods. In: Strachov, V.N., Liperovsky, V.A. (eds.) Short time prediction of catastrophe earthquakes by help of radiophysics ground-based-kosmic methods, pp.64–83. OIFZ RAS, Moscow (1998)
Husamiddinov, S.S.: Ionosphere Research Electrical and Magnetic Precursors of Earthquakes. In: Golovkov, V.P. (ed.) Tashkent FAS Uz SSR, pp. 90–111 (1983)
Korsunova, L.P., Hegai, V.V.: Analysis of seism-ionosphere disturbances on chain of Japan vertical sounding ionosphere station. Geom. Aeron. 48(3), 407–415 (2008) (in Russian)
Sidorin, A.Ya.: Dependence of appearance time of earthquakes precursors of epicenter distance. Reports of RAS. 245(4), 825–828 (1979)
Kim, V.P., Hegai, V.V.: About possibility of formation of metal ion layer in E-region of average-latitude of ionosphere before strong. Geom. Aeron. 33(5), 114–119 (1993)
Sorokin, V.M., Yaschenko, A.K., Hayakawa, M.: Formation mechanism of the lower ionospheric disturbances by the atmospheric electric current over a seismic region. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 68(11), 1260–1268 (2006)
Mikhailov, Yu.M., Mikhailova, G.A., Kapustina, O.V., Depueva, A.X., Buzevich, A.V., Druzhin, G.I., Smirnov, S.E., Firstov, P.P.: Variation of different atmosphere and ionosphere parameters in periods of earthquake preparing on Kamchatka. Preliminary results. Geom. Aeron. 42(6), 769–776 (2002)
Mikhailov, Yu.M.: On the properties of earthquake precursors in the electrostatic field of the surface atmosphere. Phys. Solid Earth. 43(4), 336–339 (2007)
Korsunova, L.P., Khegai, V.V.: Medium-term ionospheric precursors to strong earthquakes Int. J. Geom. Aeron. 6, GI3005 (2006). doi:10.1029/2005 GI000122
Solar-Geophysical Data. Coffey, H.E., Kroehl H. W. (eds.) Solar –Terrestrial Physics Divisions, NOAA, Boulder, CO (1999)
Hao, J., Tang, T., Li, D.: Progress in the research on atmospheric electric field anomaly as an index for short-impending prediction of earthquakes. J. Earthquake Prediction Res. 8(3), 241–255 (2000)
Rulenko, O.P.: Short time precursor in near Earth atmosphere electricity. Vulcanol. Seismol. 4, 57–68 (2000)
Smirnov, S.E.: Peculiarities of negative anomalies of electrical field at near Earth at Kamchatka. Geom. Aeron. 45(2), 282–287 (2005)
Ismagilov, V.S., Kopytenko, Yu.A., Hattori, K., Hayakawa, M.: Use of gradients and phase velocities of ULF geomagnetic disturbances for definition point of source of future strong Earthquake. Geom. Aeron. 46(3), 423–430 (2006)
Pulinets, S.A., Boyarchuk, K.A., Hegai, V.V., Kim, V.P., Lomonosov, A.M.: Quasielectrostatic model of atmosphere-thermosphere-ionosphere coupling. Adv. Space Res. 26(8), 1209–1218 (2000)
Virk, H.S., Singh, B.: Radon recording of Uttarkashi earthquake. Geoph. Res. Lett. 21(8), 737–740 (1994)
Steinitz, G., Vulkan, U., Lang, D.: Monitoring of the tectonically related radon flux in Israel. Isr. Geol. Surv. Curr. Res. 10, 148–153 (1996)
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Yu.Ya. Ruzhin, V.S. Dokukin, L.N. Leshenko, G.I. Druzhin, V.V. Bogdanov, O.E. Ferencz, D. Hamar, Ja. Lichtenberger, and P. Steibach for helpful discussions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mikhailov, Y.M. et al. (2010). “COMPASS 2” Satellite and Ground-Based Experiments. In: Bychkov, V., Golubkov, G., Nikitin, A. (eds) The Atmosphere and Ionosphere. Physics of Earth and Space Environments. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3212-6_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3212-6_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-481-3211-9
Online ISBN: 978-90-481-3212-6
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)