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Electron-β-Nuclear Spectroscopy of Atoms and Molecules and Chemical Bond Effect on the β-Decay Parameters

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Abstract

We discuss the cooperative electron β-nuclear processes in atoms and molecules, including the excitation, ionization, electronic rearrangement, induced by the nuclear reactions and β-decay. The relativistic many-body perturbation theory (PT) with the optimized Dirac–Kohn–Sham (DKS) zeroth approximation is used to calculate the β-decay parameters for a number of allowed (superallowed) transitions (33P–33S, 241Pu–241Am, etc.) and study a chemical bond effect on β-decay parameters. A few factors are taken into account: changing the integration limits in the Fermi function integral, energy corrections for different chemical substances and the possibility of the bound β-decay or other decay channels. We studied the electronic rearrangement induced by nuclear transmutation in the β-decay \({}_{\rm{2}}^{\rm{6}} {\rm{He}}_{\rm{4}} \to ({}_3^6 {\rm{Li}}_{\rm{3}}^{\rm{ + }} )^* + e^ - + \bar \nu _e \). The half-life period T 1 / 2 for β-decay of tritium atom (ion) has been estimated while taking into account the bound β-decay channel and some other accompanying effects. The estimated values of T 1 / 2 for the tritium β-decay and free triton decay are (T 1 / 2)a=12.26 years (correction due to the electron-atomic effects (Δ T 1 / 2/T 1 / 2) a =0.82%) for the tritium atom and (T 1 / 2) t =12.36 years for the triton decay. These data are in physically reasonable agreement with experimental data. We first present the value T 1 / 2 in a case of the β-decay in the halogen-containing molecular tritium (3HCl): (T 1 / 2) m =12.28 years (3HCl) and the correction due to the chemical bond effect is (Δ T 1 / 2) am =0.024 (i.e. 0.20%).

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Glushkov, A.V., Khetselius, O.Y., Lovett, L. (2009). Electron-β-Nuclear Spectroscopy of Atoms and Molecules and Chemical Bond Effect on the β-Decay Parameters. In: Piecuch, P., Maruani, J., Delgado-Barrio, G., Wilson, S. (eds) Advances in the Theory of Atomic and Molecular Systems. Progress in Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, vol 20. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2985-0_7

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