Abstract
The liver, the most voluminous gland in the human body, is located in the superior portion of the abdominal cavity and occupies the entire right hypochondrium, part of the epigastrium, and most of the cranial area of the left hypochondrium. The anterosuperior part is divided by the superior sagittal groove into the right and left lobes. The inferior part is divided into four lobes, right, left, quadrate, and caudate (Spigelian lobe), and is crossed by three grooves, right sagittal, left, and transverse (hepatic hilum). Liver vascularization occurs through the hilum, which receives the hepatic artery (branch of the celiac trunk) and portal vein, the latter being created by a confluence of veins that drain blood from the abdominal organs (stomach, small and large bowel, spleen, pancreas). Hepatic veins transport liver deoxygenated blood and blood which is filtered by the liver to the inferior vena cava. They originate in the liver lobule’s central veins (Fig. 2.3.1).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Balboni GC, Bastianini A, Brizzi E et al (1991) Anatomia Umana. Third Edition. Edi Ermes, Vol. 2, pp 176–212
Guyton AC (1991) Trattato di fisiologia medica. Eighth Edition. Piccin, pp 842–847
Fajardo LF (1982) Pathology of radiation injury. Masson, New York
Wharton JT, Delclos L, Gallager S, Smith JP (1973) Radiation hepatitis induced by abdominal irradiation with the cobalt 60 moving strip technique. Am J Roentgenol 117:73–80
Ingold DK, Reed GB, Kaplan HS, Bagshaw MA (1965) Radiation hepatitis. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 93:200–208
Lawrence TS, Robertson JM, Anscher MS et al (1995) Hepatic toxicity resulting from cancer treatment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 31:1237–1248
Balboni GC, Bastianini A, Brizzi E et al (1991) Anatomia Umana. Third Edition. Edi Ermes, Vol. 2, pp 355–389
Beauvois S, Van Houtte P (1997) Effets tardifs de l’irradiation sur le rein. Cancer Radiother 1:760–763
Balboni GC, Bastianini A, Brizzi E et al (1991) Anatomia Umana. Third Edition. Edi Ermes, Vol. 2, pp 92–115
Brick I (1995) Effects of million volt irradiation on the gastrointestinal tract. Arch Intern Med 96:26–31
Goldgraber MD, Rubin CE, Palmer WL et al (1954) The early gastric response to irradiation; a serial biopsy study. Gastroenterology 27:1–20
Coia LR, Myerson RJ, Tepper JE (1995) Late effects of radiation therapy on the gastrointestinal tract. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 31:1213–1236
Balboni GC, Bastianini A, Brizzi E et al (1991) Anatomia Umana. Third Edition. Edi Ermes, Vol. 2, pp 116–144
Letschert JG, Lebesque J, Aleman JV et al (1994) The volume effect in radiation-related late small bowel complications: results of a clinical study of the EORTC Radiotherapy Cooperative Group in patients treated for rectal carcinoma. Radiother Oncol 32:116–123
Polico C, Capirci C, Stevanin C et al (1993) Enteropatia da raggi. Scientifiche Nutricia, Milano, pp 1–44
Harling H, Balslev I (1988) Long-term prognosis of patients with severe radiation enteritis. Am J Surg 155:517–519
Yamamoto M, Katagiri S, Ariizumi S, Kotera Y, Takahashi Y (2011) Glissonean pedicle transection method for liver surgery (with video). Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences 19:3–8
Malhotra V, Muravchick S, Miller R (2002) Atlas of Anesthesia. Volume 5, Chapter 8. Elsevier Health Sciences
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Italia
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cefaro, G.A., Genovesi, D., Perez, C.A. (2013). Abdomen. In: Delineating Organs at Risk in Radiation Therapy. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5257-4_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5257-4_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Milano
Print ISBN: 978-88-470-5256-7
Online ISBN: 978-88-470-5257-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)