Abstract
Several tumor-related, patient-related, and treatment-related prognostic factors have been identified for gastric cancer patients. Tumor stage, surgical radicality, tumor location, and patient age are the most important conventional prognostic variables. Extended lymphadenectomy and higher numbers of removed lymph nodes are also related to a better prognosis. The role of other factors is controversial or not generally validated. The main feature of prognostic scores is the possibility to simultaneously consider a set of potential prognostic variables and thus to assign a risk of recurrence or death to individual patients. A prognostic score was developed by the GIRCG based on a cohort of patients treated by potentially curative surgery and submitted to periodic follow-up examinations. This score can be easily included in database programs and its accuracy verified. The score has been recalculated according to the new TNM classification of gastric cancer and is currently being validated in a prospective multicenter study.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Verdecchia A, Guzzinati S, Francisci S et al (2009) Survival trends in European cancer patients diagnosed from 1988 to 1999. Eur J Cancer 45:1042–1066
Japanese Gastric Cancer Association Registration Committee (2006) Gastric cancer treated in 1991 in Japan: data analysis of nationwide registry. Gastric Cancer 9:51–66
Ahn HS, Lee HJ, Hahn S et al (2010) Evaluation of the Seventh American Joint Committee on Cancer/International Union Against Cancer Classification of gastric adenocarcinoma in comparison with the sixth classification. Cancer 116:5592–5598
Smith DD, Schwarz RR, Schwarz RE (2005) Impact of total lymph node count on staging and survival after gastrectomy for gastric cancer: data from a large US-population database. J Clin Oncol 23:7114–7124
Marrelli D, De Stefano A, de Manzoni G et al (2005) Prediction of recurrence after radical surgery for gastric cancer: a scoring system obtained from a prospective multicenter study. Ann Surg 241:247–255
Roviello F, Rossi S, Marrelli D et al (2006) Number of lymph node metastases and its prognostic significance in early gastric cancer: a multicenter Italian study. J Surg Oncol 94:275–280
Strong VE, Song KY, Park CH et al (2010) Comparison of gastric cancer survival following R0 resection in the United States and Korea using an internationally validated nomogram. Ann Surg 251:640–646
Roviello F, Marrelli D, de Manzoni G et al (2003) Prospective study of peritoneal recurrence after curative surgery for gastric cancer. Br J Surg 90:1113–1119
Cheng CT, Tsai CY, Hsu JT et al (2011) Aggressive Surgical Approach for Patients with T4 Gastric Carcinoma: Promise or Myth? Ann Surg Oncol 18:1606–1614
Baiocchi GL, Tiberio GA, Minicozzi AM et al (2010) A multicentric Western analysis of prognostic factors in advanced, node-negative gastric cancer patients. Ann Surg 252:70–73
Glehen O, Gilly FN, Arvieux C et al (2010) Peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancer: a multi-institutional study of 159 patients treated by cytoreductive surgery combined with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Ann Surg Oncol 17:2370–2377
Mezhir JJ, Shah MA, Jacks LM et al (2010) Positive peritoneal cytology in patients with gastric cancer: natural history and outcome of 291 patients. Ann Surg Oncol 17:3173–3180
Kattan MW, Karpeh MS, Mazumdar M et al (2003) Postoperative nomogram for disease-specific survival after an R0 resection for gastric carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 21:3647–3650
Novotny AR, Schuhmacher C, Busch R et al (2006) Predicting individual survival after gastric cancer resection: validation of a U.S.-derived nomogram at a single high-volume center in Europe. Ann Surg 243:74–81
Adachi Y, Yasuda K, Inomata M et al (2000) Pathology and prognosis of gastric carcinoma: well versus poorly differentiated type. Cancer 89:1418–1424
Marrelli D, Roviello F, de Manzoni G et al (2002) Different patterns of recurrence in gastric cancer depending on Lauren’s histological type: longitudinal study. World J Surg 26:1160–1165
Kunisaki C, Makino H, Takagawa R et al (2008) Tumor diameter as a prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 15:1959–1967
Nozoe T, Iguchi T, Egashira A (2010) Pathological prognostic score as a simple criterion to predict outcome in gastric carcinoma. J Surg Oncol 102:73–76
Kooby DA, Suriawinata A, Klimstra DS et al (2003) Biologic predictors of survival in node-negative gastric cancer. Ann Surg 237:828–835
Santoro R, Carboni F, Lepiane P et al (2007) Clinicopathological features and prognosis of gastric cancer in young European adults. Br J Surg 2007 94:737–742
Al-Refaie WB, Tseng JF, Gay G et al (2008) The impact of ethnicity on the presentation and prognosis of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Results from the National Cancer Data Base. Cancer 113:461–469
Marrelli D, Pedrazzani C, Corso G et al (2009) Different pathological features and prognosis in gastric cancer patients coming from high-risk and low-risk areas of Italy. Ann Surg 250:43–50
Shimada H, Takiguchi N, Kainuma O et al (2010) High preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio predicts poor survival in patients with gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 13:170–176
Songun I, Putter H, Kranenbarg EM et al (2010) Surgical treatment of gastric cancer: 15-year follow-up results of the randomised nationwide Dutch D1D2 trial. Lancet Oncol 11:439–449
Marrelli D, Pedrazzani C, Neri A et al (2007) Complications after extended (D2) and superextended (D3) lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer: analysis of potential risk factors. Ann Surg Oncol 14:25–33
Verlato G, Roviello F, Marchet A et al (2009) Indexes of surgical quality in gastric cancer surgery: experience of an Italian network. Ann Surg Oncol 16:594–602
Marchet A, Mocellin S, Ambrosi A et al (2007) The ratio between metastatic and examined lymph nodes (N ratio) is an independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer regardless of the type of lymphadenectomy: results from an Italian multicentric study in 1853 patients. Ann Surg 245:543–552
Pedrazzani C, Sivins A, Ancans G et al (2010) Ratio between metastatic and examined lymph nodes (N ratio) may have low clinical utility in gastric cancer patients treated by limited lymphadenectomy: results from a single-center experience of 526 patients. World J Surg 34:85–91
Pacelli F, Rosa F, Marrelli D et al (2011) Do perioperative blood transfusions influence prognosis of gastric cancer patients? Analysis of 927 patients and interactions with splenectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 18:1615–1623
Hundahl SA, Peeters KC, Kranenbarg EK et al (2007) Improved regional control and survival with “low Maruyama Index” surgery in gastric cancer: autopsy findings from the Dutch D1-D2 Trial. Gastric Cancer 10:84–86
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag Italia
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Marrelli, D., Caruso, S., Roviello, F. (2012). Prognostic Factors and Score Systems in Gastric Cancer. In: de Manzoni, G., Roviello, F., Siquini, W. (eds) Surgery in the Multimodal Management of Gastric Cancer. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2318-5_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2318-5_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Milano
Print ISBN: 978-88-470-2317-8
Online ISBN: 978-88-470-2318-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)