Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Problema: patologie della mammella nell’uomo

  • Chapter
Book cover Andrologia clinica

  • 595 Accesses

Riassunto

La ginecomastia è un aumento di volume della mammella dell’uomo. Il termine deriva dalle parole greche “ψΨνε” (donna) e “μαστgoσ” (mammella). Letteralmente, il termine indica la mammella della donna, per cui il termine “andromastia” sarebbe più adeguato (Leiber 1995).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliografia

  • Ambrogetti D, Ciatto S, Catarzi S, Muraca MG (1996) The combined diagnosis of male breast lesions: a review of a series of 748 consecutive cases. Radiol Med (Torino) 91:356–359

    Google Scholar 

  • Amrikachi M, Green LK, Rone R, Ramzy I (2001) Gynecomastia: cytologic features and diagnostic pitfalls in fine needle aspirates. Acta Cytol 45:948–952

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Appelbaum AH, Evans GF, Levy KR, Amirkhan RH, Schumpert TD (1999) Mammographic appearances of male breast disease. Radiographics 19:559–568

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bernard-Gallon DJ, Dechelotte PJ, Le Corre L, Vissac-Sabatier C, Favy DA, Cravello L, De Latour MP, Bignon YJ (2003) Expression of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in male breast cancers and gynecomastias. Anticancer Res 23:661–667

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Calzada L, Torres-Calleja J, Martinez JM, Pedron N (2001) Measurement of androgen and estrogen receptors in breast tissue from subjects with anabolic steroid-dependent gynecomastia. Life Sci 69:1465–1469

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coppola A, Cuomo MA (1998) Prolactinoma in the male. Physiopathological, clinical, and therapeutic features. Minerva Endocrinol 23:7–16

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Damsa C, Bumb A, Bianchi-Demicheli F, Vidailhet P, Sterck R, Andreoli A, Beyenburg S (2004) “Dopamine-dependent” side effects of: a clinical review. J Clin Psychiatry 65:1064–1068

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Daniels IR, Layer GT (2003) Testicular tumours presenting as gynaecomastia. Eur J Surg Oncol 29:437–439

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Das DK, Junaid TA, Mathews SB et al (1995) Fine needle aspiration cytology diagnosis of male breast lesions. Acta Cytol 39:870–876

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Jong MM, Nolte IM, te Meerman GJ, van der Graaf W T, Oosterwijk JC, Kleibeuker JH, Schaapveld M, de Vries EG (2002) Genes other than BRCA1 and BRCA2 involved in breast cancer susceptibility. J Med Genet 39:225–242

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doughty JC, Wilson CR (2003) Tamoxifen is unproved for gynaecomastia (letter). BMJ 327:1050

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frank TS, Deffenbaugh AM, Reid JE, Hulick M, Ward BE, Lingenfelter B, Gumpper KL, Scholl T, Tavtigian SV, Pruss DR, Critchfield GC (2002) Clinical characteristics of individuals with germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2: analysis of 10,000 individuals. J Clin Oncol 20:1480–1490

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gatalica Z, Norris BA, Kovatich AJ (2000) Immunohistochemical localization of prostate-specific antigen in ductal epithelium of male breast. Potential diagnostic pitfall in patients with gynecomastia. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 8:158–161

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gill MS, Kayani N, Khan MN, Hasan SH (2000) Breast diseases in males-a morphological review of 150 cases. J Pak Med Assoc 50:177–179

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giordano SH, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi GN (2002) Breast cancer in men. Ann Intern Med 137:678–687

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hunfeld KP, Bassler R, Kronsbein H (1997) “Diabetic mastopathy” in the male breast-a special type of gynecomastia. A comparative study of lymphocytic mastitis and gynecomastia. Pathol Res Pract 193:197–205

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ioulios P, Charalampos M, Efrossini T (2003) The spectrum of cutaneous reactions associated with calcium antagonists: a review of the literature and the possible etiopathogenic mechanisms. Dermatol Online J 9:6

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Joshi A, Kapila K, Verma K (1999) Fine needle aspiration cytology in the management of male breast masses. Nineteen years of experience. Acta Cytol 43:334–338

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jover F, Cuadrado JM, Roig P, Rodriguez M, Andreu L, Merino J (2004) Efavirenz-associated gynecomastia: report of five cases and review of the literature. Breast J 10:244–246

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jun Yang Y (2002) Gynecomastia with marked cellular atypia associated with chemotherapy. Arch Pathol Lab Med 125:613–614

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan HN, Blamey KW (2003) Endocrine treatment of physiological gynaecomastia. Tamoxifen seems to be effective. BMJ 327:301–302

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kidwai N, Gong Y, Sun X, Deshpande CG, Yeldandi AV, Rao MS, Badve S (2004) Expression of androgen receptor and prostatespecific antigen in male breast carcinoma. Breast Cancer Res 5:R18–R23

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krause W, Splieth B (1996) Erkrankungen der männlichen Brustdrüse. Hautarzt 47:422–426

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Labhart A, Hedinger C, Kistler G, Müller J, et al (1978) Testis. In Labhart Klinik der inneren Sekretion, 3. Auflage, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 497-499

    Google Scholar 

  • Leiber B (1995) Aspekte eines polyätiologischen Symptoms: Gynäkomastie. Gyne 15: 237–241

    Google Scholar 

  • Llort G, Munoz CY, Tuser MP, Guillermo IB, Lluch JR, Bale AE, Franco MA (2002) Low frequency of recurrent BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in Spain. Hum Mutat 19:307

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Magro G, Gurrera A, Scavo N, Lanzafame S, Bisceglia M (2002) Fibromatosis of the breast: a clinical, radiological and pathological study of 6 cases. Pathologica 94:238–246

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mcleod DG (2002) Emerging role of adjuvant hormonal therapy. Urology 60 [3 Suppl 1]:13–20

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McLeod DG, Iversen P (2000) Gynecomastia in patients with prostate cancer: a review of treatment options. Urology 55:713–720

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merkle E, Muller M, Vogel J, Klatt S, Gorich J, Beger HG, Brambs HJ (1996) Clinical relevance of mammography in men. Rofo Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Neuen Bildgeb Verfahr 164:7–12

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Milazzo G, Yip CC, Maddux BA, Vigneri R, Goldfine ID (1992) Highaffinity insulin binding to an atypical insulin-like growth factor-I receptor in human breast cancer cells. J Clin Invest 89:899–908

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Niewöhner CB, Nuttall RQ (1984) Gynecomastia in a hospitalized male population. Am J Med 77:633–638

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Hanlon DM, Kent P, Kerin MJ, Given HF (1995) Unilateral breast masses in men over 40: a diagnostic dilemma. Am J Surg 825:170:24–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olsson H, Bladstrom A, Alm P (2002) Male gynecomastia and risk for malignant tumors-a cohort study. BMC Cancer 2:26

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rohrich RJ, Ha RY, Kenkel JM, Adams WP Jr (2003) Classification and management of gynecomastia: defining the role of ultrasound-assisted liposuction. Plast Reconstr Surg 111:909–923

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Satoh T, Munakata H, Fujita K, Itoh S, Itoh S, Kamataki T, Yoshizawa I (2003) Studies on the interactions between drug and estrogen. II. On the inhibitory effect of 29 drugs reported to induce gynecomastia on the oxidation of estradiol at C-2 or C-17. Biol Pharm Bull 25:695–700

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scheike O, Visfeldt J, Petersen B (1973) Male breast cancer. 4. Gynecomastia in patients with breast cancer. Arch Path Microbiol Scand A 81:359–365

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schinina V, Busi Rizzi E, Zaccarelli M, Carvelli C, Bibbolino C (2002) Gynecomastia in male HIV patients MRI and US findings. Clin Imaging 25:309–313

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seibel V, Müller HH, Krause W (1998) Die Inzidenz der Gynäkomastie bei dermatologischen Patienten. Hautarzt 49:382–387

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shozu M, Sebastia S, Takayama K, Wei-Tong Hsu, Schultz RA, Neely K, Bryant M, Bulun SE (2003) Estrogen excess associated with novel gain-of function mutation affecting the aromatase gene. New Engl J Med 348:1855–1865

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siddiqui MT, Zakowski MF, Ashfaq R, Ali SZ (2002) Breast masses in males: multi-institutional experience on fine-needle aspiration. Diagn Cytopathol 25:87–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tyrrell CJ, Payne H, Tammela TL, Bakke A, Lodding P, Goedhals L, Van Erps P, Boon T, Van De Beek C, Andersson SO, Morris T, Carroll K (2004) Prophylactic breast irradiation with a single dose of electron beam radiotherapy (10 Gy) significantly reduces the incidence of bicalutamide-induced gynecomastia. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 60:476–483

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vesoulis Z, Kashkari S (1998) Fine needle aspiration of secretory breast carcinoma resembling lactational changes. A case report. Acta Cytol 42:1032–1036

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vetto J, Schmidt W, Pommier R, DiTomasso J, Eppich H, Wood W, Moseson D (1998) Accurate and cost-effective evaluation of breast masses in males. Am J Surg 175:383–387

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Volpe CM, Raffetto JD, Collure DW, Hoover EL, Doerr RJ (1999) Unilateral male breast masses: cancer risk and their evaluation and management. Am Surg 65:250–253

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Westenend PJ, Jobse C (2002) Evaluation of fine-needle aspiration cytology of breast masses in males. Cancer 95:101–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams MJ (1963) Gynecomastia. Its incidence, recognition and host characterization in 447 autopsy cases. Am J Med 34:103–112

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yang WT, Whitman GJ, Yuen EH, Tse GM, Stelling CB (2001) Sonographic features of primary breast cancer in men. AJR Am J Roentgenol 175:413–416

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman RL, Fogt F, Cronin D, Lynch R (2000) Cytologic atypia in a 53-year-old man with finasteride-induced gynecomastia. Arch Pathol Lab Med 124:625–627

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bibliografia

  • Bayramgurler D, Bilen N, Apaydin R, Ercin C (2002) Nevoid hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola: treatment of two patients with topical calcipotriol. J Am Acad Dermatol 45:131–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beer GM, Budi S, Seifert B, Morgenthaler W, Infanger M, Meyer VE (2001) Configuration and localization of the nipple-areola complex in men. Plast Reconstr Surg 108:1947–1952

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Betti R, Martino P, Moneghini L, Vergani R, Tolomio E, Crosti C (2003) Basal cell carcinomas of the areola-nipple complex: case reports and review of the literature. J Dermatol 30:822–826

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blum A, Roehm S (2003) Accessory nipple looks like dermatofibroma in dermoscopy. Arch Dermatol 139:948–949

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bodnar M, Miller OF 3rd, Tyler W (1999) Paget’s disease of the male breast associated with intraductal carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 40:829–831

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Camacho FM, Moreno-Gimenez JC, Garcia-Hernandez MJ (1998) Is aberrant mammary tissue a marker for chronic alcoholism or kidneyurinary tract malformations? Dermatology 197:132–136

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cerroni L, Hofler G, Back B, Wolf P, Maier G, Kerl H (2002) Specific cutaneous infiltrates of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (BCLL) at sites typical for Borrelia burgdorferi infection. J Cutan Pathol 29:142–147

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chao C, Edwards MJ, Wolfson S, Sewell C, Edwards D, McMasters KM (2003) Paget’s disease of the male breast: an unusual case of dermal invasion. Breast J 9:254

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Desai DC, Brennan EJ Jr, Carp NZ (1996) male breast. Am Surg 62:1068–1072

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elsner E, Thewes M, Worret WI (1998) Guess What! Idiopathic hyperkeratosis and papillomatosis areolae mammae. Eur J Dermatol 8:131–132

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gartmann H, Steigleder GK (1975) Inguinale Pomaden-Kruste der Säuglinge. Z Hautkr 50:667–669

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gissler S, Heininger U (2002) Borrelia lymphocytoma (“lymphadenosis benigna cutis”). Arch Dis Child 87:12

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes R, Cummings B, Miller RA, Guha AK (2000) Male disease of the breast. J Cutan Med Surg 4:208–212

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holloway KB, Ramos-Caro FA, Flowers FP (1997) Paget’s disease of the breast in a man with neurofibromatosis. Int J Dermatol 35:609–611

    Google Scholar 

  • Inoue S, Kunitomo K, Okamoto H, Fujii H, Matsumoto Y (2003) A case of male noninvasive intracystic papillary carcinoma forming a tumor in the nipple duct. Breast Cancer 10:85–88

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs VR, Golombeck K, Jonat W, Kiechle M (2003) Mastitis nonpuerperalis after nipple piercing: time to act. Int J Fertil Womens Med 48:226–231

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kapila K, Verma K (2003) Cytology of nipple discharge in florid gynecomastia. Acta Cytol 47:36–40

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krisp A, Krause W (2003) Areolar sebaceous hyperplasia. Acta Derm Venereol 83:61–62

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kubota Y, Koga T, Nakayama J, Kiryu H (2000) Naevoid hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola in a man. Br J Dermatol 142:382–384

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liebau J, Machens HG, Berger A (1998) Gynecomastia of the male nipple. Ann Plast Surg 40:678–681

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lundquist K, Kohler S, Rouse RV (1999) Intraepidermal cytokeratin 7 expression is not restricted to Paget cells but is also seen in Toker cells and Merkel cells. Am J Surg Pathol 23:212–219

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Menet E, Vabres P, Brecheteau P, Bonneau-Herve F, Duport G, Levillain P, Larregue M, Babin P (2001) Pigmented Paget’s disease of the male nipple. Ann Dermatol Venereol 128:649–652

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mitxelena J, Raton JA, Bilbao I, Diaz-Perez JL (1999) Nevoid hyperkeratosis of the areola in men: response to cryotherapy. Dermatology; 199:73–74

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy TP, Ehrlichman RJ, Seckel BR (1994) Nipple placement in simple mastectomy with free nipple grafting for severe gynecomastia. Plast Reconstr Surg 94:818–823

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura S, Ishida-Yamamoto A, Takahashi H, Hashimoto Y, Yokoo H, Iizuka H (2001) Pigmented Paget’s disease of the male breast: report of a case. Dermatology 202:134–137

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Neuhausen SL, Godwin AK, Gershoni-Baruch R, Schubert E, Garber J, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Olah E, Csokay B, Serova O, Lalloo F, Osorio A, Stratton M, Offit K, Boyd J, Caligo MA, Scott RJ, Schofield A, Teugels E, Schwab M, Cannon-Albright L, Bishop T, Easton D, Benitez J, King MC, Goldgar D et al (1998) Haplotype and phenotype analysis of nine recurrent BRCA2 mutations in 111 families: results of an international study. Am J Hum Genet 62:1381–1388

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Sullivan ST, McGreal GT, Lyons A, Burke L, Geoghegan JG, Brady MP (1994) Paget’s disease of the breast in aman without underlying breast carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 47:851–852

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ottini L, Masala G, D’Amico C, Mancini B, Saieva C, Aceto G, Gestri D, Vezzosi V, Falchetti M, De Marco M, Paglierani M, Cama A, Bianchi S, Mariani-Costantini R, Palli D (2003) BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation status and tumor characteristics in male breast cancer: a population-based study in Italy. Cancer Res 63:342–347

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ottuso P (2002) The dermatologist’s role in diagnosing a rare disease — male breast cancer. Cutis 69:99–102

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Persichetti P, Berloco M, Casadei RM, Marangi GF, Di Lella F, Nobili AM (2001) Gynecomastia and the complete circumareolar approach in the surgical management of skin redundancy. Plast Reconstr Surg 107:948–954

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Poulain JF, Courtade S, Carmi E, Chatelain D, Denoeux JP, Lok C (2002) Genital leiomyomas of the male nipple: two cases (in francese). Ann Dermatol Venereol 129:1392–1394

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raton JA, Bilbao I, Gardeazabal J, Alvarez S, Vicente JM, Gonzalez R, Mitxelena J, Diaz-Perez JL (1998) Skin involvement in male breast carcinoma. Arch Dermatol 134:517–518

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shertz WT, Balogh K (1986) Metastasizing basal cell carcinoma of the nipple. Arch Pathol Lab Med 110:761–762

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spence RJ (1992) Bilateral reconstruction of the male nipple. Ann Plast Surg 28:288–291

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takeuchi T, Komatsuzaki M, Minesaki Y, Yokoi K, Kamide R, Niimura M, Yamada T (1999) Paget’s disease arising near a male areola without an underlying carcinoma. J Dermatol 25:248–252

    Google Scholar 

  • Tegner E, Bjornberg A (2003) Erythroderma with sparing around the nipples. Acta Derm Venereol 83:236

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Urbani CE, Betti R (1996a) Accessory mammary tissue associated with congenital and hereditary nephrourinary malformations. Int J Dermatol 35:349–352

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Urbani CE, Betti R (1996b) Sporadic unilateral intra-areolar polythelia. Report of an additional case and review of the literature. Acta Derm Venereol 75:156

    Google Scholar 

  • Velasco M, Ubeda B, Autonell F, Serra C (1995) Leiomyoma of the male areola infiltrating the breast tissue. AJR Am J Roentgenol 164:511–512

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zannolli R, Mostardini R, Matera M, Pucci L, Gelb BD, Morgese G (2000) Char syndrome: an additional family with polythelia, a new finding. Am J Med Genet 95:201–203

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bibliografia

  • Cimmino VM, Degnim AC, Sabel MS, Diehl KM, Newman LA, Chang AE (2004) Efficicy of sentinel lymph node biopsy in male breast cancer. J Surg Oncol 86:74–77

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cutuli B, Lacroze M, Dilhuydy JM, Velten M, De Lafontan B, Marchal C, Resbeut M, Graic Y, Campana F, Moncho-Bernier V et al (1995) Male breast cancer: results of the treatments and prognostic factors in 397 cases. Eur J Cancer 31:1960–1964

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dixon JM, Sainsbury JRC, Rodger A (2000) Breast cancer: treatment of elderly patients and uncommon conditions. In: Dixon JM (ed) ABC of breast diseases (2nd edn.) BMJ Publishing Group, London, pp 50–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Giordano SH, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi GN (2002) Breast cancer in men. Ann Intern Med 137:678–687

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giordano SH, Valero V, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi GN (2002) Efficacy of anastrozole in male breast cancer. Am J Clin Oncol 25:235–237

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goss PE, Reid C, Pintilie M, Lim R, Miller N (1999) Male breast carcinoma: A review of 229 patients who presented to the Princess Margaret hospital during 40 years 1955–1996. Cancer 85:629–639

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guinee VF, Olsson H, Moller T, Shallenberger RC, van den Blink JW, Peter Z, Durand M, Dische S, Cleton FJ, Zewuster R et al. (1993) The prognosis of breast cancer in males. A report of 335 cases. Cancer 71:154–161

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson KC, Pan S, Mao Y (2002) Risk factors for male breast cancer in Canada, 1994–1998. Eur J Cancer Prev 11:253–263

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levi F, Lucchini F, La Vecchia C (2002) Epidemiology of male breast cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev 11:315–318

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Memon MA, Donohue JH (1997) Male breast cancer. Br J Surg 84:433–435

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moreda Anelli TF, Anelli A, Tran KN, Lebwohl DE, Borgen PI (1994) Tamoxifen administration is associated with a high rate of treatment-limiting symptoms in male breast cancer patients. Cancer 74:74–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Osborne CK (1998) Tamoxifen in the treatment of breast cancer. N Engl J Med 339:1609–1618

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patel HZ, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi GN (1989) Role of adjuvant chemotherapy in male breast cancer. Cancer 64:1583–1585

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro G, Swindell R (1992) Adjuvant tamoxifen for male breast cancer. Br J Cancer 65:252–254

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro G, Swindell R, Harris M, Banerjee S, Cramer A (1996) A review of the management of the male breast carcinoma based on an analysis of 420 treated cases. Breast 5:141–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schuchardt U, Seegenschmiedt MH, Kirschner MH, Renner H, Sauer R (1996) Adjuvant radiotherapy for breast carcinoma in men: A 20-year clinical experience. Am J Clin Oncol 19:330–336

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vetto J, Schmidt W, Pommier R, DiTomasso J, Eppich H, Wood W, Moseson D (1998) Am J Surg 175:383–387

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Westenend PJ (2003) Core needle biopsy in male breast lesions. J Clin Pathol 56:863–865

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Willsher PC, Leach IH, Ellis IO, Bell JA, Elston CW, Bourke JB, Blamey RW, Robertson JF (1997) Male breast cancer: pathological and immunohistochemical features. Anticancer Res 17:2335–2338

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Andrology and Venerology, University Hospital, Philipp University, 35033, Marburg, Germany

    Walter Krause

  2. Edinburgh Breast Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK

    P. S. H. Soon & J. Michael Dixon

Authors
  1. Walter Krause
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P. S. H. Soon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. J. Michael Dixon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center of Dermatology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany

    Wolf-Bernhard Schill

  2. Center for Medical and Urological Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium

    Frank Comhaire

  3. Department of Oncology, University of Edinburgh Human Genetics Building, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK

    Timothy B. Hargreave

  4. Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medica, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, Roma, Italy

    Andrea Lenzi MD (Professore Ordinario di Endocrinologia Direttore, Presidente della Società Italiana di Andrologia e Medicina della Sessualità) (Professore Ordinario di Endocrinologia Direttore, Presidente della Società Italiana di Andrologia e Medicina della Sessualità)

  5. Unità di Fisiopatologia della Riproduzione, Andrologia e Diagnosi Endocrinologiche Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medica, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, Roma, Italy

    Andrea M. Isidori MD, PhD (Ricercatore in Endocrinologia) (Ricercatore in Endocrinologia)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer-Verlag Italia

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Krause, W., Soon, P.S.H., Dixon, J.M. (2010). Problema: patologie della mammella nell’uomo. In: Schill, WB., Comhaire, F., Hargreave, T.B., Lenzi, A., Isidori, A.M. (eds) Andrologia clinica. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1487-9_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1487-9_16

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-1486-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-1487-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation