Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Management of Systemic and Pulmonary Hypertension

  • Chapter
Perioperative Critical Care Cardiology

Part of the book series: Topics in Anaesthesia and Critical Care ((TIACC))

  • 1609 Accesses

Abstract

Systemic hypertension is a very frequent condition in developed countries and therefore constitutes a common problem in the perioperative period. In the Unites States nearly 29% of adults in 1999 and 2000 were affected by hypertension (age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension): 30% of hypertensive individuals are not aware of their diagnosis, 59% are being treated for hypertension, and only 34% have a blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg [1, 2].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Hajjar I, Kotchen TA (2003) Trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in the United States 1999–2000. JAMA 290:199–206

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR et al (2003) The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Latest guidelines for hypertension prevention and management. JAMA 289:2560–2572

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Nichols WW, O’Rourke MF (2005) McDonald’s blood flow in arteries: theoretical, experimental and clinical principles. Hodder Arnold, London

    Google Scholar 

  4. Wilkinson IB, Franklin SS, Hall IR et al (2001) Pressure amplification explains why pulse pressure is unrelated to risk in young subjects. Hypertension 38:1461–1466

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Karamanoglu M, O’Rourke MF, Avolio AP et al (1993) An analysis of the relationship between central aortic and peripheral upper limb pressure wave in man. Eur Heart J 14:160–167

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Cecconi M, Wilson J, Rhodes A (2006) Pulse pressure analysis. In: Vincent JL (ed) Yearbook of intensive care and emergency medicine. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 176–184

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  7. Giomarelli P, Biagioli B, Scolletta S (2004) Cardiac output monitoring by pressure recording analytical method in cardiac surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 26:515–520

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Reuter DA, Goetz AE (2005) Arterial pulse contour analysis: applicability to clinical routine. In: Pinsky MR, Payen D (eds) Functional Hemodynamic Monitoring. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 175–182

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Devereaux PJ, Leslie K (2004) Best evidence in anesthetic practice. Prevention: alpha2-and beta-adrenergic antagonists reduce perioperative cardiac events. Can J Anaesth 51:290–292

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Beilin LJ, Goldby FS, Mohring J (1977) High arterial pressure versus humoral factors in the pathogenesis of the vascular lesions of malignant hypertension. Clin Sci Mol Med 52:111

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Funakoshi Y, Ichiki T, Ito K et al (1999) Induction of interleukin-6 expression by angiotensin II in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension 34:118–125

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Muller DN, Dechend R, Mervaala EM et al (2000) NF-?B inhibition ameliorates angiotensin II-induced inflammatory damage in rats. Hypertension 35:193–201

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Gudbrandsson T, Hansson L, Herlitz H et al (1977) Immunological changes in patients with previous malignant essential hypertension. Am J Physiol 232:F26

    Google Scholar 

  14. Woods JW, Blythe WB, Huffines WD (1974) Management of malignant hypertension. N Engl J Med 291:10

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Varon J, Marik PE (2000) The diagnosis and management of hypertensive crisis. Chest 118:214–227

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Abdelwahab W, Frishman W, Landau A (1995) Management of hypertensive urgencies and emergencies. J Clin Pharm 35:747–762

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Humbert M, Sitbon O, Simonneau G (2004) Treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension. N Engl J Med 351:1425–1436

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Humbert M, Morrel NW, Archer SL et al (2004) Cellular and molecular pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 43(suppl S):13S–24S

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Runo JR, Loyd JE (2003) Primary pulmonary hypertension. Lancet 361:1533–1544

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Deng Z, Morse JH, Slager SL et al (2000) Familial primary pulmonary hypertension (gene PPH1) is caused by mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor-II gene. Am J Hum Genet 67:737–744

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Hinderliter AL, Willis PW 4th, Barst RJ et al (1997) Effects of long-term infusion of prostacyclin (epoprostenol) on echocardiographic measures of right ventricular structure and function in primary pulmonary hypertension. Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Study Group. Circulation 95:1479–1486

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Pepke-Zaba J, Higenbottam TW, Dinh-Xuan AT et al (1991) Inhaled nitric oxide as a cause of selective pulmonary vasodilatation in pulmonary hypertension. Lancet 338:1173–1174.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Schrader BJ, Inbar S, Kaufmann L et al (1992) Comparison of the effects of adenosine and nifedipine in pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 19:1060–1064

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Fuster V, Steele PM, Edwards WD et al (1984) Primary pulmonary hypertension: natural history and the importance of thrombosis. Circulation 70:580–587

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Sitbon O, Humber M, Ioos V et al (2003) Who benefits from long-term calciumchannel blocker therapy in primary pulmonary hypertension? Am J Resp Crit Care Med 167:440

    Google Scholar 

  26. Higenbottam T, Wheeldon D, Wells F et al (1984) Long-term treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension with continuous intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin). Lancet 1:1046–1047

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Shapiro SM, Oudiz RJ, Cao T et al (1997) Primary pulmonary hypertension: improved long-term effects and survival with continuous intravenous epoprostenol infusion. J Am Coll Cardiol 30:343–349

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. McLaughlin VV, Shillington A, Rich S (2002) Survival in primary pulmonary hypertension: the impact of epoprostenol therapy. Circulation 106:1477–1482

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Simonneau G, Barst RJ, Galie N et al (2002) Continuous subcutaneous infusion of treprostinil, a prostacyclin analogue, in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165:800–804

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Okano Y, Yoshioka T, Shimouki A et al (1997) Orally active prostacyclin analogue in primary pulmonary hypertension. Lancet 349:1365

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Galie N, Humbert M, Vachiery JL et al (2002) Effects of beraprost sodium, an oral prostacyclin analogue, in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 39:1496–1502

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Barst RJ, McGoon M, McLaughlin V et al (2003) Beraprost therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 41:2119–2125

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Rubin LJ, Badesch DB, Barst RJ et al (2002) Bosentan therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med 346:896–903

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Channick RN, Simonneau G, Sitbon O et al (2001) Effects of the dual endothelin-receptor antagonist bosentan in patients with pulmonary hypertension: a randomised placebo-controlled study. Lancet 358:1119–1123

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Ziegler JW, Ivy DD, Wiggins JW et al (1998) Effects of dipyridamole and inhaled nitric oxide in pediatric patients with pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 158:1388–1395

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Zhao L, Mason NA, Morrel NW et al (2001) Sildenafil inhibits hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 104:424–428

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Michelakis E, Tymchak W, Lien D et al (2002) Oral sildenafil is an effective and specific pulmonary vasodilator in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: comparison with inhaled nitric oxide. Circulation 105:2398–2403

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Atz AM, Wessel DL (1999) Sildenafil ameliorates effects of inhaled nitric oxide withdrawal. Anesthesiology 91:307–310

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Kleinsasser A, Loekinger A, Hoermann C et al (2001) Sildenafil modulates hemodynamics and pulmonary gas exchange. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 163:339–343

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Zapol WM, Falke KJ, Hurford WE et al (1994) Inhaling nitric oxide: a selective pulmonary vasodilator and bronchodilator. Chest 105:87S–91S

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Kinsella JP, Neish SR, Shaffer E et al (1992) Low-dose inhalation nitric oxide in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Lancet 340:819–820

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Christie JD, Kotloff RM, Pochettino A et al (2003) Clinical risk factors for primary graft failure following lung transplantation. Chest 124:1232–1241

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Bennett LE, Keck BM, Hertz MI et al (2001) Worldwide thoracic organ transplantation: a report from the UNOS/ISHLT international registry for thoracic organ transplantation. Clin Transpl 25–40

    Google Scholar 

  44. Pielsticker EJ, Martinez FJ, Rubenfire M (2001) Lung and heart-lung transplant practice patterns in pulmonary hypertension centers. J Heart Lung Transplant 20:1297–1304

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Simonneau G, Galie N, Rubin LJ et al (2004) Clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 43:5S–12S

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, University of Siena, Italy

    P. Giomarelli, S. Scolletta & B. Biagioli

Authors
  1. P. Giomarelli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Scolletta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. B. Biagioli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer-Verlag Italia

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Giomarelli, P., Scolletta, S., Biagioli, B. (2007). Management of Systemic and Pulmonary Hypertension. In: Perioperative Critical Care Cardiology. Topics in Anaesthesia and Critical Care. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0558-7_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0558-7_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-0557-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-0558-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation