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Role of Physical Exercise in Preventing Disease and Improving the Quality of Life pp 37–60Cite as

Exercise-Induced Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Skeletal Muscle

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Abstract

Regularly performed endurance exercise has a number of health benefits, including improvements in cardiovascular function, muscle metabolism, and increased work capacity. The increase in endurance is a result of greater oxygen delivery and extraction by the exercising muscle. Oxygen extraction is a result of an improved capillary-to-fiber ratio, as well as a higher mitochondrial content within muscle. The increase in mitochondrial content is a well-established and dramatic adaptation within the exercised muscle, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this change in muscle phenotype are just beginning to be clarified. An understanding of the cellular processes involved could help in the development of therapeutic applications other than exercise, and may help us better comprehend the pathology of mitochondrial diseases. This increase in mitochondrial content which occurs as a result of regular exercise is referred to as mitochondrial biogenesis. The process is complex because mitochondria are composed of proteins encoded by both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The major steps involved include: (1) signaling events leading to transcription, brought about by each exercise bout; (2) transcriptional regulation of nuclear-encoded genes encoding mitochondrial proteins, mainly mediated by the coactivator PGC-1α; (3) control of mitochondrial DNA gene expression by the transcription factor Tfam; (4) mitochondrial fission and fusion mechanisms; (5) import of nuclear-derived gene products into the mitochondrion via the protein import machinery; and (6) assembly of nuclear- and mitochondrially-encoded subunits into functional holoenzyme complexes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Kinesiology and Health Science and Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    David A. Hood

  2. Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Beatrice Chabi, Keir Menzies, Michael O’Leary & Donald Walkinshaw

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  1. David A. Hood
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  2. Beatrice Chabi
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  3. Keir Menzies
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  4. Michael O’Leary
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  5. Donald Walkinshaw
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biological Chemistry “Giorgio Fornaini” and Institute of Health and Physical Exercise, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy

    Vilberto Stocchi

  2. Department of Internal Medicine Section of Internal Medicine Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

    Pierpaolo De Feo

  3. School of Kinesiology Science Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    David A. Hood

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Hood, D.A., Chabi, B., Menzies, K., O’Leary, M., Walkinshaw, D. (2007). Exercise-Induced Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Skeletal Muscle. In: Stocchi, V., De Feo, P., Hood, D.A. (eds) Role of Physical Exercise in Preventing Disease and Improving the Quality of Life. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0376-7_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0376-7_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

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