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The Dynamic Discipline of Species Delimitation: Progress Toward Effectively Recognizing Species Boundaries in Natural Populations

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Recent Advances in Lichenology

Abstract

Species represent a fundamental unit in evolutionary biology and provide a valuable context for organizing, evaluating, and communicating important biological concepts and principles. Empirical species delimitation is a dynamic discipline, with ongoing methodological and bioinformatical developments. Novel analytical methods, increasing availability of genetic/genomic data, increasing computational power, reassessments of morphological and chemical characters, and improved availability of distributional and ecological records offer exciting avenues for empirically exploring species delimitation and evolutionary relationships among species-level lineages. In this chapter, we aim to contribute a contemporary perspective on delimiting species, including a brief discussion on species concepts and practical direction for empirical species delimitation studies. Using lichen-forming fungi as an example, we illustrate the importance and difficulties in documenting and describing species-level biodiversity.

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Acknowledgments

We are indebted to various colleagues for valuable, thought-provoking discussion, notably Matthew Nelsen (University of Chicago), Ana Crespo (Universidad Complutense de Madrid), Pradeep Divakar (Universidad Complutense de Madrid), Beckett Sterner (The Field Museum), and Joyce Havstad (The Field Museum). We also thank anonymous reviewers who provided valuable comments that improved this chapter. Support by the US National Science Foundation is gratefully acknowledged (“Hidden diversity in parmelioid lichens,” DEB-0949147).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Steven D. Leavitt

  2. Department of Science and Education, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA

    Steven D. Leavitt, Corrie S. Moreau & H. Thorsten Lumbsch

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  1. Steven D. Leavitt
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  2. Corrie S. Moreau
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  3. H. Thorsten Lumbsch
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Correspondence to Steven D. Leavitt .

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  1. Lichenology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Dalip Kumar Upreti

  2. Departmento de Biologia Vegetal II Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Pradeep K. Divakar

  3. Lichenology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Vertika Shukla

  4. Lichenology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Rajesh Bajpai

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Leavitt, S.D., Moreau, C.S., Thorsten Lumbsch, H. (2015). The Dynamic Discipline of Species Delimitation: Progress Toward Effectively Recognizing Species Boundaries in Natural Populations. In: Upreti, D., Divakar, P., Shukla, V., Bajpai, R. (eds) Recent Advances in Lichenology. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2235-4_2

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