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How Has Foraminiferal Genetic Diversity Developed? A Case Study of Planoglabratella opercularis and the Species Concept Inferred from Its Ecology, Distribution, Genetics, and Breeding Behavior

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Book cover Approaches to Study Living Foraminifera

Part of the book series: Environmental Science and Engineering ((ENVSCIENCE))

Abstract

The nature of Planoglabratella opercularis has been revealed through multidisciplinary studies focusing on its ecology, life cycle, growth rate, interbreeding, morphology, natural abundance, distribution, and molecular ecology. Our research is aimed at revealing the processes and mechanisms behind foraminiferal evolution. P. opercularis is a benthic inhabitant of rocky-shore environments, where it crawls on coralline algae. Gametes are not released into the ambient seawater; rather this species forms plastogamic pairs and exchanges gametes inside the shell. Thus, the mobility and dispersal of both individuals and gametes are extremely low. In fact, genetic divergence has likely occurred within each geographic population. Interpopulational breeding experiments revealed breeding incompatibility between gamont specimens from widely separated local populations. The genetic connectivity in P. opercularis is affected by ecological characteristics such as habitat and mobility. Molecular ecological studies have revealed that P. opercularis likely diversified through reproductive isolation resulting from geographical separation following changes in land–ocean distributions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Institute of Biogeosciences, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan

    Masashi Tsuchiya, Takashi Toyofuku & Hiroshi Kitazato

  2. Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Oya, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan

    Mutsumu Aizawa & Hitomi Suzuki-Kanesaki

Authors
  1. Masashi Tsuchiya
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  2. Kenji Takahara
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  3. Mutsumu Aizawa
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  4. Hitomi Suzuki-Kanesaki
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  5. Takashi Toyofuku
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  6. Hiroshi Kitazato
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Correspondence to Masashi Tsuchiya .

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  1. Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan

    Hiroshi Kitazato

  2. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts, USA

    Joan M. Bernhard

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Tsuchiya, M., Takahara, K., Aizawa, M., Suzuki-Kanesaki, H., Toyofuku, T., Kitazato, H. (2014). How Has Foraminiferal Genetic Diversity Developed? A Case Study of Planoglabratella opercularis and the Species Concept Inferred from Its Ecology, Distribution, Genetics, and Breeding Behavior. In: Kitazato, H., M. Bernhard, J. (eds) Approaches to Study Living Foraminifera. Environmental Science and Engineering(). Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54388-6_9

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