Abstract
In this chapter, the detail of experimental methods employed in this thesis are provided. These includes the crystal growth conditions for new multiferroic compounds (ABO2, MX2, ACu2O2), as well as the measurement methods to determine fundamental (magnetic, dielectric, and thermal) properties of the obtained crystals. In addition, electron spin resonance (ESR), THz time-domain spectroscopy, and polarized neutron diffraction technique are also employed to clarify the dynamical and microscopic aspects of these multiferroics.
Keywords
- Pulse Electric Field
- Terahertz Radiation
- Polarization Current
- Terahertz Pulse
- Dielectric Property Measurement
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- 1.
To observe the crystallographic domain structure under the polarized optical microscope, we require a flat mirror surface. For this purpose, the specimen of CuFeO\(_2\) was polished using Al\(_2\)O\(_3\) powder with radius down to \(0.3\,\upmu \text{ m}\)
- 2.
With inappropriate conditions, unintensional growth of LiCu\(_3\)O\(_3\) and/or Li\(_2\)CuO\(_2\) was often confirmed. Since they don’t have the twin structure as found in LiCu\(_2\)O\(_2\), unintended phases can be easily distinguished under polarized optical microscope.
- 3.
Here, we assume the good thermal contact between the specimen and the sample stage. For this purpose, Apiezon-N grease is used to fix the sample.
- 4.
Here, we assume CuCl\(_2\) with \(S=1/2\) as the target compound. To avoid the humidity, the specimen was sealed into a quartz tube filled with Ar-gas.
- 5.
For detail, see “LiCu2O2: Correlation Between Spin-Helicity and Electric Polarization Vector”.
References
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Maljuk A, Kulakov AB, Sofin M, Capogna L, Strempfer J, Lin CT, Jansen M, Keimer B (2004) Flux-growth and characterization of NaCu\(_2\)O\(_2\) single crystals. J Cryst Growth 263:338
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Seki, S. (2012). Experimental Methods. In: Magnetoelectric Response in Low-Dimensional Frustrated Spin Systems. Springer Theses. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54091-5_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54091-5_2
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