Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, there are two major compartments separated by the nuclear membrane: the nucleus, where transcription and replication of DNA occur, and the cytoplasm, where translation of mRNAs to proteins occurs. Interestingly, the interphase nucleus is further divided into a dozen subnuclear compartments, such as nucleoli, speckles, Cajal bodies, paraspeckles, promyelocytic leukemia (PML) bodies, and gems (for gemini of Cajal bodies) (Fig. 1) [1].
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Zhao R, Bodnar MS, Spector DL (2009) Nuclear neighborhoods and gene expression. Curr Opin Genet Dev 19:172–179
Tripathi V, Ellis JD, Shen Z, Song DY, Pan Q, Watt AT, Freier SM, Bennett CF, Sharma A, Bubulya PA, Blencowe BJ, Prasanth SG, Prasanth KV (2010) The nuclear-retained noncoding RNA MALAT1 regulates alternative splicing by modulating SR splicing factor phosphorylation. Mol Cell 39:925–938
Lamond AI, Spector DL (2003) Nuclear speckles: a model for nuclear organelles. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4:605–612
Misteli T (2000) Cell biology of transcription and pre-mRNA splicing: nuclear architecture meets nuclear function. J Cell Sci 113:1841–1849
Spector DL, Lamond AI (2011) Nuclear speckles. Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Biol 3: a000646
Wansink DG, Schul W, van der Kraan I, van Steensel B, van Driel R, de Jong L (1993) Fluorescent labeling of nascent RNA reveals transcription by RNA polymerase II in domains scattered throughout the nucleus. J Cell Biol 122:283–293
Phair RD, Misteli T (2000) High mobility of proteins in the mammalian cell nucleus. Nature (Lond) 404:604–609
Thiry M (1995) The interchromatin granules. Histol Histopathol 10:1035–1045
Misteli T, Caceres JF, Spector DL (1997) The dynamics of a pre-mRNA splicing factor in Âliving cells. Nature (Lond) 387:523–527
Graveley BR (2001) Alternative splicing: increasing diversity in the proteomic world. Trends Genet 17:100–107
Pan Q, Shai O, Lee LJ, Frey BJ, Blencowe BJ (2008) Deep surveying of alternative splicing complexity in the human transcriptome by high-throughput sequencing. Nat Genet 40:1413–1415
Wang ET, Sandberg R, Luo S, Khrebtukova I, Zhang L, Mayr C, Kingsmore SF, Schroth GP, Burge CB (2008) Alternative isoform regulation in human tissue transcriptomes. Nature (Lond) 456:470–476
Black DL (2003) Mechanisms of alternative pre-messenger RNA splicing. Annu Rev Biochem 72:291–336
Tokunaga K, Shibuya T, Ishihama Y, Tadakuma H, Ide M, Yoshida M, Funatsu T, Ohshima Y, Tani T (2006) Nucleocytoplasmic transport of fluorescent mRNA in living mammalian cells: nuclear mRNA export is coupled to ongoing gene transcription. Genes Cells 11:305–317
Mannen T, Andoh T, Tani T (2008) Dss1 associating with the proteasome functions in selective nuclear mRNA export in yeast. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 365:664–671
Long JC, Caceres JF (2009) The SR protein family of splicing factors: master regulators of gene expression. Biochem J 417:15–27
Lin S, Fu XD (2007) SR proteins and related factors in alternative splicing. Adv Exp Med Biol 623:107–122
Fu XD, Maniatis T (1990) Factor required for mammalian spliceosome assembly is localized to discrete regions in the nucleus. Nature (Lond) 343:437–441
Fu XD, Maniatis T (1992) The 35-kDa mammalian splicing factor SC35 mediates specific interactions between U1 and U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles at the 3’ splice site. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:1725–1729
Stamm S (2008) Regulation of alternative splicing by reversible protein phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 283:1223–1227
Acknowledgments
We thank Dr. Masatoshi Hagiwara (Kyoto University) for collaboration and Ms. Maya Umekita (Institute of Microbial Chemistry) for technical assistance. We also thank Hafize Aysin Demirkol, Yutaro Kurogi, and other members of the Tani laboratory for their helpful discussions. This research was supported by grants from the Uehara Foundation, Japan, and Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer
About this paper
Cite this paper
Shigaki, K. et al. (2012). Visual Screening for the Natural Compounds That Affect the Formation of Nuclear Structures. In: Shibasaki, M., Iino, M., Osada, H. (eds) Chembiomolecular Science. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54038-0_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54038-0_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-54037-3
Online ISBN: 978-4-431-54038-0
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)