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Wider die Zersplitterung der Theorie der Unternehmensinternationalisierung – Ein Integrationsversuch

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Außenhandel im Wandel

Zusammenfassung

Für das weite Feld der Theorie der Unternehmensentwicklung kann unterstellt werden, dass die Theorie der Unternehmensinternationalisierung vergleichsweise am stärksten entfaltet und fundiert ist. Das handfeste Streben nach theoretischer Aneignung des Internationalitätsphänomens hat über Jahrzehnte hinweg eine Vielzahl von Konzepten und Theoriefragmenten hervorgebracht (Macharzina 1982), die zudem häufig empirisch getestet wurden. Zum prominentesten Vorhaben zählt sicherlich das Stufenmodell (stage model), welches in gedanklicher Verwandtschaft zum biophysischen Reifungsprozess von Individuen Phasen und Zyklen der Internationalisierung von Unternehmen zu diagnostizieren sucht. Neben den Stufenmodellen für Exportierende Unternehmen (Cavusgil 1980) ist hier insbesondere der Inkrementelle Ansatz der Internationalisierung (Uppsala Schule) anzuführen. Eine Fülle von empirischen Studien über internationalisierende Unternehmen, in denen die theoretischen Behauptungen nur partiell oder nicht bestätigt werden konnten, hat – ganz im Sinne der Kuhnschen These von Paradigmenwechseln in der „normalen“ Wissenschaft – zu zwei Anpassungsreaktionen geführt: Einerseits auf Seiten der Protagonisten des Uppsala-Modells – ähnlich wie bei Dunnings Eclectic Paradigm of International Production – zu mehrfachen Erweiterungen des Ur-Modells hin zu einem Netzwerkkonzept, dem die Spezifität der Internationalisierungsdimension abhanden gekommen ist (Johanson und Vahlne 2009).

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  1. Lehrstuhl für Betriebswirtschaftslehre insbes. Internationales Management mit Schwerpunkt Europäisches Management, Universität Bamberg, Kirschäckerstrasse 39, 96045, Bamberg, Deutschland

    J. Engelhard, J. Horzetzky, M. Moelgen & L.-Chr. Renker

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  2. WKÖ Leitung, Wirtschaftskammer Österreich, Wiedner Hauptstraße 63, Wien, 1045, Wien, Austria

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Engelhard, J., Horzetzky, J., Moelgen, M., Renker, LC. (2011). Wider die Zersplitterung der Theorie der Unternehmensinternationalisierung – Ein Integrationsversuch. In: Puck, J., Leitl, C. (eds) Außenhandel im Wandel. Physica, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2728-6_4

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