Skip to main content

Metadata Generation for Learning Objects: An Experimental Comparison of Automatic and Collaborative Solutions

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Book cover E-Learning 2010

Abstract

This paper deals with automatic and collaborative metadata generation for learning objects. Firstly, content- and context-based methods of automatic metadata generation are analyzed with respect to their suitability for generating the metadata types defined in the IEEE LOM, based on the results of an experiment comparing key phrase extraction tools. Secondly, collaborative tagging is discussed as an approach for metadata generation that aims to profit from a possibly large number of users. Potentials and challenges are discussed with the help of an experiment on convergence, commitment and coordination in collaborative tagging. Finally, recommendations are given which motivate for a hybrid approach embracing both, automatic and collaborative solutions to metadata generation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    http://dublincore.org/

  2. 2.

    Alliance of Remote Instructional Authoring and Distribution Networks for Europe http://www.ariadne-eu.org/

  3. 3.

    10 resources with 5 ranks = 50 possible rankings

References

  • Brook Wu Y, Li Q, Bot RS, Chen X (2005) Domain-specific Keyphrase Extraction. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. Bremen, pp 283–284

    Google Scholar 

  • Cardinaels K (2007) A Dynamic Learning Object Life Cycle and its Implications for Automatic Metadata Generation. Ph.D. thesis, University of Leuven, Belgium

    Google Scholar 

  • Cardinaels K, Meire M, Duval E (2005) Automating Metadata Generation: the Simple Indexing Interface. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on World Wide Web. Chiba, pp 548–556

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavnar WB, Trenkle M (1994) N-Gram-Based Text Categorization. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Symposium on Document Analysis and Information Retrieval. Las Vegas, USA, pp 161–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Cattuto C, Loreto V, Pietronero, L (2007) Semiotic dynamics and collaborative tagging. PNAS 104(5):1461–1464

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duval E, Hodgins W (2003) A LOM Research Agenda, in: Proceedings of the 12th International World Wide Web Conference. Budapest

    Google Scholar 

  • Duval E, Hodgins W (2004) Metadata Matters. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications. Shanghai

    Google Scholar 

  • Edvardsen LFH (2005) Use of automatic processes for creating learning object metadata. URL: http://www.idi.ntnu.no/~lfedvard/phd/AutomaticProcessesAndMetadataV1.4.pdf, last access: 18.02.2008

  • Frank E, Paynter GW, Witten IH, Gutwin C, Nevill-Manning CG (1999) Domain-Specific Keyphrase Extraction. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Stockholm, pp 668–673

    Google Scholar 

  • Giles CL, Bollacker KD, Lawrence S (1998) CiteSeer: An Automatic Citation Indexing System. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Digital Libraries. Pittsburgh, USA, pp 89–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Golder SA, Huberman BA (2005) The Structure of Collaborative Tagging Systems. Palo Alto, USA, Information Dynamics Lab: HP Labs

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg J (2004) Metadata Extraction and Harvesting: A Comparison of Two Automatic Metadata Generation Applications. Journal of Internet Cataloging 6(4):59–82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guy M, Tonkin E (2006) Folksonomies - Tidying up Tags?. D-Lib Magazine 12(1)

    Google Scholar 

  • Han H, Giles CL, Manavoglu E, Zha H, Zhang Z, Fox E (2003) Automatic Document Metadata Extraction using Support Vector Machines. In: Proceedings of the Joint Conference on Digital Libraries. Houston, USA, pp 37–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatala M, Forth S (2003) A Comprehensive System For Computer-Aided Metadata Generation. In: Proceedings of the 12th International World Wide Web Conference. Budapest

    Google Scholar 

  • Hettrich A, Koroleva N (2003) Marktstudie: Learning Management Systeme und Learning Content Management Systeme. Stuttgart, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Hörmann S (2006) Wiederverwendung von digitalen Lernobjekten in einem auf Aggregation basierenden Autorenprozess. Ph.D. thesis, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu Y, Li H, Cao Y, Teng L, Meyeron D, Zheng Q (2006) Automatic extraction of titles from general documents using machine learning. Journal of Information Processing and Management 42(5):1276–1293

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Humphreys K (2002) PhraseRate: An HTML Keyphrase Extractor, Technical report, University of California, Riverside

    Google Scholar 

  • IEEE (2002) Draft Standard for Learning Object Metadata. URL: http://ltsc.ieee.org/wg12/files/LOM_1484_12_1_v1_Final_Draft.pdf, last access: 18.02.2008

  • Jones S, Lundy S, Paynter G (2002) Interactive Document Summarisation Using Automatically Extracted Keyphrases. In: Proceedings of the 35th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim Y, Ross S (2006) Automating Metadata Extraction: Genre Classifica-tion. Kim, Dr Yunhyong and Ross, Prof Seamus (2006) Automating Metadata Extraction: Genre Classification. In: Proceedings of the UK e-Science All Hands Meeting 2006: Achievements, Challenges, and New Opportunities. Nottingham, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Klamma R, Amine Chatti M, Duval E, et al. (2006) Social Software for Professional Learning: Examples and Research Issues. In: Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies. Kerkrade, The Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  • Knight G (2007) File format typing and format registries. URL: http://www.sherpadp.org.uk/documents/wp63-formatregistries.pdf, last access: 18.02.2008

  • McGregor G, McCulloch E (2006) Collaborative tagging as a knowledge organisation and resource discovery tool. Library Review 55(5):291–300

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Medelyan O, Witten IH (2006) Thesaurus Based Automatic Keyphrase In-dexing. In: Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries. Chapel Hill, USA, pp 296–297

    Google Scholar 

  • Motelet O, Baloian N, Pino JA (2006) Learning Object Metadata and Automatic Processes: Issues and Perspectives. In: Harman K, Koohang A (eds) Learning Objects: Standards, Metadata, Repositories, and LCMS. Informing Science Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Motelet O, Baloian N, Pino JA (2007) Hybrid System for Generating Learning Object Metadata. Journal of Computers 2(3):34–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ochoa X, Cardinaels K, Meire M, Duval E (2005) Frameworks for the Automatic Indexation of Learning Management Systems Content into Learning Object Repositories. In: Proceedings of the World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications. Montréal, Canada, pp 1407–1414

    Google Scholar 

  • O‘Reilly T (2005) What Is Web 2.0. Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software, URL: http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html, last access: 17.02.2008

  • Pansanato LTE, Fortes RPM (2005) Strategies for filling out LOM metadata fields in a Web-based CSCL tool. In: Proceedings of 3rd Latin American Web Congress. Buenos Aires, Argentina, pp 187–190

    Google Scholar 

  • Paynter GW (2005) Developing Practical Automatic Metadata Assignment and Evaluation Tools for Internet Resources. In: Proceedings of 5th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries. Denver, pp 291–300

    Google Scholar 

  • Rollett H, Lux M, Strohmaier M, Dösinger G, Tochtermann K (2007) The Web 2.0 way of learning with technologies. International Journal of Learning Technology 3(1):87–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shipman F, McCall R (1994) Supporting Knowledge-Base Evolution with Incremental Formalization. In: Proceedings of SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Boston, pp 285–291

    Google Scholar 

  • Spaniol M, Klamma R, Lux M (2007) Imagesemantics: User-Generated Metadata, Content Based Retrieval & Beyond. In: Proceedings of I-Media’07, Graz. Austria, pp 41–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Surowiecki J (2004) The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many Are Smarter Than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business, Economies, Societies and Nations Little. B&T Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Turney P (1999) Learning to extract keyphrases from text. Technical report, Institute for Information Technology, National Research Council of Canada

    Google Scholar 

  • Warner JW, Brown EW (2001) Automated Name Authority Control. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries. Roanoke, USA, pp 22–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss A (2005) The power of collective intelligence. netWorker 9(3):16–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Matthias Bauer .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Physica-Verlag Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Bauer, M., Maier, R., Thalmann, S. (2010). Metadata Generation for Learning Objects: An Experimental Comparison of Automatic and Collaborative Solutions. In: Breitner, M., Lehner, F., Staff, J., Winand, U. (eds) E-Learning 2010. Physica, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2355-4_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2355-4_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Physica, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-7908-2354-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7908-2355-4

  • eBook Packages: Business and Economics (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics