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Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates 2 pp 231–245Cite as

Phoronida

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Abstract

Phoronids are epibenthic (or infaunal) tubiculous marine invertebrates closely related to brachiopods (and perhaps bryozoans; see Nesnidal et al. (2013)) that have oval, U-shaped, or spiraling rings of ciliated tentacles called the lophophore used for feeding and respiration (Temereva and Malakhov 2009a). Although phoronids can dominate the density and coverage of some benthic marine habitats (Larson and Stachowicz 2009), very little is known about their ecological role in such habitats. The majority of taxonomic studies of phoronids have been conducted by Emig (1974). Although at least 23 species have been described by various authors indicative of wide morphological diversity in adult forms, the majority of phoronid morphotypes have been synonymized under 11 cosmopolitan species and two genera, Phoronis (Wright 1856) and Phoronopsis (Gilchrist 1907).

Chapter vignette artwork by Brigitte Baldrian.© Brigitte Baldrian and Andreas Wanninger.

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Acknowledgments

Kelly Ryan and Russel Zimmer provided excellent comments on previous versions of this chapter. A portion of the data in this book chapter was gathered at the Smithsonian Marine Station (Fort Pierce, FL) and is designated contribution number 988. Faculty Research Grants provided by Long Island University-Post also supported this work.

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  1. Biology Department, Long Island University-Post, Greenvale, NY, 11548, USA

    Scott Santagata

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    Andreas Wanninger

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Santagata, S. (2015). Phoronida. In: Wanninger, A. (eds) Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates 2. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1871-9_10

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