Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Time and the Hippocampus

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Space,Time and Memory in the Hippocampal Formation

Abstract

Episodic memory is defined by the temporal organization of events in specific experiences. The hippocampus plays an essential role in episodic memory, suggesting that studies on temporal processing by the hippocampus might offer insights in the mechanisms of episodic memory. Here, we review reports on the effects of hippocampal damage in humans and animals and physiological studies using brain imaging in humans and single neuron recordings in animals. These studies provide converging and compelling evidence that the hippocampus is critical for the temporal organization of memories in humans and animals, including when spatial cues are irrelevant. Furthermore, the hippocampus in engaged in humans associated with temporal processing of memories, and hippocampal neuronal networks in animals and humans represent the temporal organization of experiences and disambiguate overlapping temporally extended experiences. In particular, hippocampal “time cells” fire at particular moments during temporally structured experiences, much as hippocampal place cells fire associated with particular locations in spatially organized experiences. Comparisons of firing properties of hippocampal neurons across species and behavioral situations suggest that the hippocampus provides a temporal and spatial “scaffolding” that organizes events to compose episodic memories.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adlam AL, Vargha-Khadem F, Mishkin M, de Haan M (2005) Deferred imitation of action sequences in developmental amnesia. J Cogn Neurosci 17:240–248

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Agster KL, Fortin NJ, Eichenbaum HB (2002) The hippocampus and disambiguation of overlapping sequences. J Neurosci 22:5760–5768

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ainge JA, Tamosiunaite M, Woergoetter F, Dudchenko PA (2007) Hippocampal CA1 place cells encode intended destination on a maze with multiple choice points. J Neurosci 27:9769–9779

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Allen K, Rawlins JN, Bannerman DM, Csicsvari J (2012) Hippocampal place cells can encode multiple trial-dependent features through rate remapping. J Neurosci 32:14752–14766

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Amaral DG, Witter MP (1989) The three-dimensional organization of the hippocampal formation: a review of anatomical data. Neuroscience 31:571–591

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barker GR, Warburton EC (2011) When is the hippocampus involved in recognition memory? J Neurosci 31:10721–10731

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bartsch T, Döhring J, Rohr A, Jansen O, Deuschl G (2011) CA1 neurons in the human hippocampus are critical for autobiographical memory, mental time travel, and autonoetic consciousness. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108:17562–17567

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brown TI, Ross RS, Keller J, Hasselmo ME, Stern CE (2010) Which way was I going? Contextual retrieval supports the disambiguation of well-learned overlapping navigational routes. J Neurosci 30:7414–7422

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buhusi V, Meck WH (2005) What makes us tick? Functional and neural mechanisms of interval timing. Nat Rev Neurosci 6:755–765

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buzsaki G, Moser EI (2013) Memory, navigation, and theta rhythm in the hippocampal-entorhinal system. Nat Neurosci 16:130–138

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DeCoteau WE, Kesner RP (2000) A double dissociation between the rat hippocampus and medial caudoputamen in processing two forms of knowledge. Behav Neurosci 114:1096–1108

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Devito LM, Eichenbaum H (2011) Memory for the order of events in specific sequences: contributions of the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. J Neurosci 31:3169–3175

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Downes JJ, Mayes AR, MacDonald C, Hunkin NM (2002) Temporal order memory in patients with Korsakoff’s syndrome and medial temporal amnesia. Neuropsychologia 40:853–861

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dragoi G, Buzsaki G (2006) Temporal coding of place sequences by hippocampal cell assemblies. Neuron 50:145–157

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dragoi G, Tonegawa S (2011) Preplay of future place cell sequences by hippocampal cellular assemblies. Nature 469:397–401

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eichenbaum H (2004) Hippocampus: cognitive processes and neural representations that underlie declarative memory. Neuron 44:109–120

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eichenbaum H, Cohen NJ (2001) From conditioning to conscious recollection: memory systems of the brain. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Eichenbaum H, Stewart C, Morris RGM (1990) Hippocampal representation in place learning. J Neurosci 10:3531–3542

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eichenbaum H, Dudchencko P, Wood E, Shapiro M, Tanila H (1999) The hippocampus, memory, and place cells: is it spatial memory or a memory space? Neuron 23:209–226

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ekstrom AD, Bookheimer SY (2007) Spatial and temporal episodic memory retrieval recruit dissociable functional networks in the human brain. Learn Mem 14:645–654

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ekstrom AD, Meltzer J, McNaughton BL, Barnes CA (2001) NMDA receptor antagonism blocks experience-dependent expansion of hippocampal “place fields”. Neuron 31:631–638

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ekstrom AD, Kahana MJ, Caplan JB, Fields TA, Isham EA, Newman E, Fried I (2003) Cellular networks underlying human spatial navigation. Nature 425:184–187

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ergorul C, Eichenbaum H (2004) The hippocampus and memory for “what,” “where,” and “when”. Learn Mem 11:397–405

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ergorul C, Eichenbaum H (2006) Essential role of the hippocampal formation in rapid learning of higher-order sequential associations. J Neurosci 26:4111–4117

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Etienne AS, Jeffery KJ (2004) Path integration in mammals. Hippocampus 14:180–192

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Farovik A, Dupont LM, Eichenbaum H (2010) Distinct roles for dorsal CA3 and CA1 in memory for sequential nonspatial events. Learn Mem 17:12–17

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferbinteanu J, Shapiro ML (2003) Prospective and retrospective memory coding in the hippocampus. Neuron 40:1227–1239

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fortin NJ, Agster KL, Eichenbaum H (2002) Critical role of the hippocampus in memory for sequences of events. Nat Neurosci 5:458–462

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fouquet C, Tobin C, Rondi-Reig L (2010) A new approach for modeling episodic memory from rodents to humans: the temporal order memory. Behav Brain Res 215:172–179

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frank LM, Brown EN, Wilson M (2000) Trajectory encoding in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Neuron 27:169–178

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fyhn M, Molden S, Witter MP, Moser EI, Moser M-B (2004) Spatial representation in the entorhinal cortex. Science 305:1258–1264

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gelbard-Sagiv H, Mukamel R, Harel M, Malach R, Fried I (2008) Internally generated reactivation of single neurons in human hippocampus during free recall. Science 322:96–101

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert PE, Kesner RP (2002) Role of the rodent hippocampus in paired-associate learning involving associations between a stimulus and a spatial location. Behav Neurosci 116:63–71

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gill PR, Mizumori SJ, Smith DM (2011) Hippocampal episode fields develop with learning. Hippocampus 21:1240–1249

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ginther MR et al (2011) Hippocampal neurons encode different episodes in an overlapping sequence of odors task. J Neurosci 31:2706–2711

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gothard KM, Skaggs WE, McNaughton BL (1996) Dynamics of mismatch correction in the hippocampal ensemble code for space: interaction between path integration and environmental cues. J Neurosci 16:8027–8040

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hafting T, Fyhn M, Molden S, Moser M-B, Moser EI (2005) Microstructure of a spatial map in the entorhinal cortex. Nature 436:801–806

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Honey RC, Watt A, Good M (1998) Hippocampal lesions disrupt an associative mismatch process. J Neurosci 18:2226–2230

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Howard MW, Fotedar MS, Datey AV, Hasselmo ME (2005) The temporal context model in spatial navigation and relational learning: toward a common explanation of medial temporal lobe function across domains. Psychol Rev 112:75–116

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Itskov V, Curto C, Pastalkova E, Buzsáki G (2011a) Cell assembly sequences arising from spike threshold adaptation keep track of time in the hippocampus. J Neurosci 31:2828–2834

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Itskov PM, Vinnik E, Diamond ME (2011b) Hippocampal representation of touch-guided behavior in rats: persistent and independent traces of stimulus and reward location. PLoS One 1:e16462

    Google Scholar 

  • Itskov PM, Vinnik E, Honey C, Schnupp J, Diamond ME (2012) Sound sensitivity of neurons in rat hippocampus during performance of a sound-guided task. J Neurophysiol 107:1822–1834

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jadhav SP, Frank LM (2014) Memory replay in the hippocampus. In: Derdikman D, Knierim JJ (eds) Space, time and memory in the hippocampal formation. Springer, Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  • Jadhav SP, Kemere C, German PW, Frank LM (2012) Awake hippocampal sharp-wave ripples support spatial memory. Science 336:1454–1458

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins LJ, Ranaganath C (2010) Prefrontal and medial temporal lobe activity at encoding predicts temporal context memory. J Neurosci 30:15558–15565

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen O, Lisman JE (2005) Hippocampal sequence-encoding driven by a cortical multi-item working memory buffer. Trends Neurosci 28:67–72

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ji D, Wilson MA (2007) Coordinated memory replay in the visual cortex and hippocampus during sleep. Nat Neurosci 10:100–107

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson A, Redish AD (2007) Neural ensembles in CA3 transiently encode paths forward of the animal at a decision point. J Neurosci 27:12176–12189

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Karlsson MP, Frank LM (2009) Awake replay of remote experiences in the hippocampus. Nat Neurosci 12:913–918

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy PJ, Shapiro ML (2009) Motivational states activate distinct hippocampal representations to guide goal-directed behaviors. Proc Natl Acad Sci 106:10805–10810

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kesner RP, Gilbert PE, Barua LA (2002) The role of the hippocampus in memory for the temporal order of a sequence of odors. Behav Neurosci 116:286–290

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kesner RP, Hunsaker MR, Gilbert PE (2005) The role of CA1 in the acquisition of an object-trace-odor paired associate task. Behav Neurosci 119:781–786

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Komorowski RW, Manns JR, Eichenbaum H (2009) Robust conjunctive item-place coding by hippocampal neurons parallels learning what happens. J Neurosci 29:9918–9929

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kraus B, Robinson RJ III, White JA, Eichenbaum H, Hasselmo ME (2013) Hippocampal “time cells”: time versus path integration. Neuron 78:1090–1101

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kumaran D, Maguire EA (2006a) An unexpected sequence of events: mismatch detection in the human hippocampus. PLoS Biol 4(12):e424

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kumaran D, Maguire EA (2006b) The dynamics of hippocampal activation during encoding of overlapping sequences. Neuron 49:617–629

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lehn H, Steffenach HA, van Strien NM, Veltman DJ, Witter MP, Håberg AK (2009) A specific role of the human hippocampus in recall of temporal sequences. J Neurosci 29:3475–3484

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lenck-Santini P-P, Fenton AA, Muller RU (2008) Discharge properties of hippocampal neurons during performance of a jump avoidance task. J Neurosci 28:6773–6786

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leutgeb S, Leutgeb JK, Barnes CA, Moser EI, McNaughton BL, Moser MB (2005) Independent codes for spatial and episodic memory in hippocampal neuronal ensembles. Science 309:619–623

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levy WB (1989) A Computational approach to hippocampal function. In: Hawkins RD, Bowers GH (eds) Computational models of learning in simple neural systems. Academic, New York, NY, pp 243–305

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy WB (1996) A sequence predicting CA3 is a flexible associator that learns and uses context to solve hippocampal-like tasks. Hippocampus 6:579–590

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levy WB, Xiangbau W, Baxter RA (1995) Unification of hippocampal function via computational/encoding considerations. Int J Neural Syst 6:71–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Lisman JE (1999) Relating hippocampal circuitry to function: recall of memory sequences by reciprocal dentate-CA3 interactions. Neuron 22:233–242

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald CJ, Lepage KQ, Eden UT, Eichenbaum H (2011) Hippocampal “time cells” bridge the gap in memory for discontiguous events. Neuron 71:737–749

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald CJ, Place R, Carrow S, Eichenbaum H (2013) Distinct hippocampal time cell sequences represent odor memories in head-fixed rats. J Neurosci 33:14607–14616

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maguire EA (2001) Neuroimaging studies of autobiographical event memory. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 356:1441–1451

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maguire EA, Mummery CJ (1999) Differential modulation of a common memory retrieval network revealed by positron emission tomography. Hippocampus 9:54–61

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maguire EA, Frackowiak RS, Frith CD (1997) Recalling routes around London: activation of the right hippocampus in taxi drivers. J Neurosci 17:7103–7110

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mankin EA, Sparks FT, Slayyeh B, Sutherland RJ, Leutgeb S, Leutgeb JK (2012) Neuronal code for extended time in the hippocampus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109:19462–19467. doi:10.1073/pnas.1214107109

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Manns J, Eichenbaum H (2009) A cognitive map for object memory in the hippocampus. Learn Mem 16:616–624

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Manns JR, Howard MW, Eichenbaum H (2007) Gradual changes in hippocampal activity support remembering the order of events. Neuron 56:530–540

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Markus EJ, Qin Y-L, Leonard B, Skaggs WE, McNaughton BL, Barnes CA (1995) Interactions between location and task affect the spatial and directional firing of hippocampal neurons. J Neurosci 15:7079–7094

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mauk MD, Buonomano DV (2004) The neural basis of temporal processing. Annu Rev Neurosci 27:307–340

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mayes AR, Isaac CL, Holdstock JS, Hunkin NM, Montaldi D, Downes JJ, Macdonald C, Cezayirli E, Roberts JN (2001) Memory for single items, word pairs, and temporal order of different kinds in a patient with selective hippocampal lesions. Cogn Neuropsychol 18:97–123

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McDonough L, Mandler JM, McKee RD, Squire LR (1995) The deferred imitation task as a nonverbal measure of declarative memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:7580–7584

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McNaughton BL, Barnes CA, Gerrard JL, Gothard K, Jung MW, Knierim JJ, Kudrimoti H, Qin Y, Skaggs WE, Suster M, Weaver KL (1996) Deciphering the hippocampal polyglot: the hippocampus as a path integration system. J Exp Biol 199:173–185

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McNaughton BL, Battaglia FP, Jensen O, Moser EI, Moser MB (2006) Path integration and the neural basis of the ‘cognitive map’. Nat Rev Neurosci 7:663–678

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mehta MR, Barnes CA, McNaughton BL (1997) Experience-dependent, asymmetric expansion of hippocampal place fields. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:8918–8921

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mehta MR, Quirk MC, Wilson MA (2000) Experience-dependent asymmetric shape of hippocampal receptive fields. Neuron 25:707–715

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moita MAP, Moisis S, Zhou Y, LeDoux JE, Blair HT (2003) Hippocampal place cells acquire location specific location specific responses to the conditioned stimulus during auditory fear conditioning. Neuron 37:485–497

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morris RGM, Garrud P, Rawlins JP, O’Keefe J (1982) Place navigation impaired in rats with hippocampal lesions. Nature 297:681–683

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mumby DG (2002) Perspectives on object-recognition memory following hippocampal damage: lessons from studies in rats. Behav Brain Res 127:159–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Muzzio IA, Levita L, Kulkarni J, Monacoi J, Kentros C, Stead M, Abbott LF, Kandel ER (2009) Attention enhances the retrieval and stability of visuospatial and olfactory representations in the dorsal hippocampus. PLoS One 7:e1000140

    Google Scholar 

  • Naya Y, Suzuki WA (2011) Integrating what and when across the primate medial temporal lobe. Science 333:773–776

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Keefe J, Conway DH (1980) On the trail of the hippocampal engram. Physiol Psychol 8:229–238

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Keefe J, Nadel L (1978) The hippocampus as a cognitive map. Oxford University Press, New York, NY

    Google Scholar 

  • Olton DS (1986) Hippocampal function and memory for temporal context. In: Isaacson RL, Pribram KH (eds) The hippocampus, vol 4. Plenum, New York, NY

    Google Scholar 

  • Olton DS, Becker JT, Handlemann GE (1979) Hippocampus, space, and memory. Brain Behav Sci 2:313–365

    Google Scholar 

  • Pastalkova E, Itskov V, Amarasingham A, Buzsáki G (2008) Internally generated cell assembly sequences in the rat hippocampus. Science 321:1322–1327

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paz R, Gelbard-Sagiv H, Mukamel R, Harel M, Malach R, Fried I (2010) A neural substrate in the human hippocampus for linking successive events. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:6046–6051

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rawlins JNP (1985) Associations across time: the hippocampus as a temporary memory store. Behav Brain Sci 8:479–496

    Google Scholar 

  • Redish AD, Rosenzweig ES, Bohanick JD, McNaughton BL, Barnes CA (2000) Dynamics of hippocampal ensemble activity realignment: time versus space. J Neurosci 20:9298–9309

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rekkas PV, Westerveld M, Skudlarski P, Zumer J, Pugh K, Spencer DD, Constable RT (2005) Neural correlates of temporal-order judgments versus those of spatial-location: deactivation of hippocampus may facilitate spatial performance. Brain Cogn 59:103–113

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rolls ET (2010) A computational theory of episodic memory formation in the hippocampus. Behav Brain Res 215:180–196

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ross RS, Brown TI, Stern CE (2009) The retrieval of learned sequences engages the hippocampus: evidence from fMRI. Hippocampus 19:790–799

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schendan HE, Searl MM, Melrose RJ, Stern CE (2003) An FMRI study of the role of the medial temporal lobe in implicit and explicit sequence learning. Neuron 37:1013–1025

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro ML, Kennedy PJ, Ferbinteanu J (2006) Representing episodes in the mammalian brain. Curr Opin Neurobiol 16:701–709

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shimamura AP (1990) Memory for the temporal order of events in patients with frontal lobe lesions and amnesic patients. Neuropsychologia 28:803–813

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sinden JD, Rawlins JNP, Gray JA, Jarrard LE (1986) Selective cytotoxic lesions of the hippocampal formation and DRL performance in rats. Behav Neurosci 100:320–329

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Skaggs WE, McNaughton BL (1996) Replay of neuronal firing sequences in rat hippocampus during sleep following spatial experience. Science 271:1870–1873

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Skaggs WE, McNaughton BL (1998) Spatial firing properties of hippocampal CA1 populations in an environment containing two visually identical regions. J Neurosci 18:8455–8466

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Solomon PR, Vander Schaaf ER, Thompson RF, Weisz DJ (1986) Hippocampus and trace conditioning of the rabbit’s classically conditioned nictitating membrane response. Behav Neurosci 100:729–744

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spiers HJ, Burgess N, Hartley T, Vargha-Khadem F, O’Keefe J (2001) Bilateral hippocampal pathology impairs topographical and episodic memory but not visual pattern matching. Hippocampus 11:715–725

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Staresina BP, Davachi L (2006) Differential encoding mechanisms for subsequent associative recognition and free recall. J Neurosci 26:9162–9172

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Templer VL, Hampton RR (2012) Cognitive mechanisms of memory for order in rhesus monkeys. Hippocampus 23:193–201. doi:10.1002/hipo.22082

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tubridy S, Davachi L (2011) Medial temporal lobe contributions to episodic sequence encoding. Cereb Cortex 21:272–280

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tulving E (1972) Episodic and semantic memory. In: Tulving E, Donaldson W (eds) Organization of memory. Academic, New York, NY, pp 381–403

    Google Scholar 

  • Tulving E (1984) Précis of elements of episodic memory. Behav Brain Sci 7:223–268

    Google Scholar 

  • Vargha-Khadem F, Gadian DG, Watkins KE, Connelly A, Van Paesschen W, Mishkin M (1997) Differential effects of early hippocampal pathology on episodic and semantic memory. Science 277:376–380

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wallenstein GV, Eichenbaum H, Hasselmo ME (1998) The hippocampus as an associator of discontiguous events. Trends Neurosci 21:317–323

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wearden JH (2013) The cognitive neuroscience of time perception: how psychological studies might help to dissect the timing system. Neuropsychologia 51:187–190

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Witter MP, Amaral DG (1991) Entorhinal cortex of the monkey: V projections to the dentate gyrus, hippocampus, and subicular complex. J Comput Neurol 307:437–459

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wood ER, Dudchenko PA, Robitsek RJ, Eichenbaum H (2000) Hippocampal neurons encode information about different types of memory episodes occurring in the same location. Neuron 27:623–633

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yin B, Troger AB (2011) Exploring the 4th dimension: hippocampus, time, and memory revisited. Front Integr Neurosci 5:36. doi:10.3389/fint.2011.00036

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ziv Y, Burns LD, Cocker ED, Hamel EO, Ghosh KK, Kitch LJ, Gamal AE, Scnitzer MJ (2013) Long term dynamics of CA1 hippocampal place codes. Nat Neurosci 16:264–266

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by NIMH grant MH095297.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University, 2 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA

    Howard Eichenbaum, Christopher J. MacDonald & Benjamin J. Kraus

Authors
  1. Howard Eichenbaum
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Christopher J. MacDonald
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Benjamin J. Kraus
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Howard Eichenbaum .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

    Dori Derdikman

  2. The Solomon H. Snyder Dept. of Neurosc., John Hopkins University The Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    James J. Knierim

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Wien

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Eichenbaum, H., MacDonald, C.J., Kraus, B.J. (2014). Time and the Hippocampus. In: Derdikman, D., Knierim, J. (eds) Space,Time and Memory in the Hippocampal Formation. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1292-2_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation