Zusammenfassung
In ▶ Kap. 1 und 11 haben wir die schreckliche Lage von Kindern in Waisenhäusern beschrieben, die soziale, emotionale und kognitive Defizite entwickelten, nachdem es ihnen an regelmäßigen Interaktionen mit einem fürsorglichen Erwachsenen fehlte. Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg beobachteten Anna Freud – die Tochter von Sigmund Freud – und Sophie Dann (Freud und Dann 1972) eine bemerkenswerte Ausnahme von diesem Muster bei einer Gruppe von sechs deutsch-jüdischen Waisenkindern , die zu den Opfern des Hitler-Regimes gehörten und im Konzentrationslager Theresienstadt überlebt hatten. Kurz nach ihrer Geburt waren ihre Eltern in Vernichtungslager nach Polen deportiert und ermordet worden. Die Kinder wurden danach an verschiedenen Zufluchtsorten versteckt, bevor sie, zwischen sechs und zwölf Monate alt, in ein „Säuglingszimmer“ kamen, wo sie von Häftlingen versorgt wurden. Ihre Betreuer waren unterernährte und unter ständiger Bedrohung lebende Gefangene, die um das Nötigste für die Kinder und ihr eigenes Überleben kämpften. Für die Kinder, die überlebten, gab es weder die Sicherheit, dass die Betreuerinnen bei ihnen bleiben würden, noch dass sie sie im Konzentrationslager vor Bedrohungen schützen konnten.
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Siegler, R., Eisenberg, N., DeLoache, J., Saffran, J. (2016). Beziehungen zu Gleichaltrigen. In: Pauen, S. (eds) Entwicklungspsychologie im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47028-2_13
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47028-2_13
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