Abstract
The direct transitions which, as shown in Chap.6, dominate the EDCs from UPS, can be used to determine the electronic band structure of a solid. Looking at standard textbooks on solid-state physics one notices that, while for phonons the band structures (i.e., dispersion relations) have been mapped out — since several years — for a number of representative solids in considerable detail by neutron diffraction, such information has become available only recently for the electronic case. Generally the Fermi surface, which is the surface of the energy E = EF in k-space has been measured. In addition, a few selected points in the E(k) diagram are known from optical experiments. However, only recently, with the utilization of a wide body of material from PES (mostly employing synchrotron radiation), has one been able to determine the electronic dispersion curves for a number of solids. A few representative examples will be given in this chapter, but first the question of how band structure information can be extracted from measured EDCs will be dealt with.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
For a recent comprehensive treatment of the field of angle-resolved PES see S.D. Kevan (ed.): Angle-Resolved Photoemission, Theory and Current Applications, Studies in Surf. Sci. Catal., Vol.74 (Elsevier, Amsterdam 1992); a discussion of the relation between ground-state and excited-state band structures via PES can be found in R.W. Goodby, R.J. Needs: Physics Scripta T 31, 227 (1990)
J. Stöhr, P.S. Wehner, R.S. Williams, G. Apai, D.A. Shirley: Phys. Rev. B 17, 587 (1978)
P. Thiry, D. Chandesris, J. Le Cante, G. Guillot, P. Pinchaux, Y. Petroff: Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 82 (1979)
Y. Petroff, P. Thiry: Appl. Optics 19, 3957 (1980)
P. Thiry: La photoémission angulaire dans les solides. thèse d’état, Université Paris V I, 1979
R. Courths, H. Schulz, S. Hüfner: Solid State Commun. 29, 667 (1979)
R. Courths, S. Hüfner, H. Schulz: Z. Phys. B 35, 107 (1979)
D.E. Eastman, J.A. Knapp, F.J. Himpsel: Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 825 (1978)
J.A. Knapp, F.J. Himpsel, D.E. Eastman: Phys. Rev. B 19, 4952 (1979)
E. Dietz, F.J. Himpsel: Solid State Commun. 30, 235 (1979)
D.T. Ling, J.N. Miller, D.L. Weiszmann, P. Pianetta, L.I. Johansson, I. Lindau, W.L. Spicer: Surf. Sci. 92, 350 (1980)
A.R. Mackintosh, O.K. Andersen: In Electrons at the Fermi Surface, ed. by M. Springford ( Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge 1980 )
P. Hohenberg, W. Kohn: Phys. Rev. 136, B864 (1964)
W. Kohn, L.J. Sham: Phys. Rev. 140, A1133 (1965)
L. Hedin, B.L. Lundquist: J. Phys. C 4, 2064 (1971)
R. Courths, B. Cord, H. Wem, S. Hüfner: Physica Scripta T 4, 144 (1983)
R.S. Williams, P.S. Wehner, J. Stoehr, D.A. Shirley: Surf. Sci. 75, 216 (1978)
D. Westphal, A. Goldmann: Surf. Sci. 131, 92 (1983)
P.J. Jennings, S.M. Thurgate: Surf. Sci. 104, L210 (1981)
G.A. Burdick: Phys. Rev. 129, 138 (1963)
L. Hodges, H. Ehrenreich, N.D. Lang: Phys. Rev. 152, 505 (1966)
F.M. Müller: Phys. Rev. 153, 659 (1967)
L. Ehrenreich, L. Hodges: In Methods in Computational Physics Vol.8 (Academic, New York 1968)
H. Martensson, P.O. Nilsson: Phys. Rev. B 30, 3047 (1984)
F.J. Himpsel, J.A. Knapp, D.E. Eastman: Phys. Rev. B19, 2919 (1979)
W. Eberhardt, E.W. Plummer: Phys. Rev. B21, 3245 (1980)
V.L. Moruzzi, J.F. Janak, A.R. Williams: Calculated Electron Properties of Metals ( Pergamon, New York 1978 )
E. Jensen, E.W. Plummer: Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 1912 (1985)
D.E. Eastman: In Electron Spectroscopy, ed. by D.A. Shirley ( North-Holland, Amsterdam 1972 ) p. 487
C.S. Fadley, D.A. Shirley: In Electronic Density of States ed. by L.H. Bennet (Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 232) (U.S.GPO, Washington, D.C. 1971 ) p. 163
S. Hüfner, G.K. Wertheim, N.V. Smith, M.M. Traum: Solid State Commun. 11, 323 (1972)
R.J. Smith, J. Anderson, J. Hermanson, G.J. Lapeyre: Solid State Commun. 21, 459 (1977)
C. Guillot, Y. Ballu, J. Paigne, J. Lecante, K.P. Jain, P. Thiry, R. Pinchaux, Y. Petroff, L.M. Falicov: Phys. Rev. Lett. 39, 1632 (1977)
D.E. Eastman, F.J. Himpsel, J.A. Knapp: Phys. Rev. Lett. 40, 1514 (1978)
M.M. Traum, N.V. Smith, H.H. Farrel, D.P. Woodruff, D. Norman: Phys. Rev. B 20, 4008 (1979)
W. Eberthardt, E.W. Plummer, K. Horn, J. Erskine: Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 273 (1980)
J. Barth, G. Kalkoffen, C. Kunz: Phys. Lett. A 74, 360 (1979)
R. Clauberg, W. Gudat, E. Kisker, G.M. Rothberg: Phys. Rev. Lett. 47, 1314 (1981)
D.R. Penn: Phys. Rev. Lett. 42, 921 (1979)
R. Courths, S. Hüfner: Phys. Rep. 112, 53 (1984)
H. Wern: Winkelaufgelöste ultraviolett Photoelektronenspektroskopie an Silber. Thesis, Universität des Saarlandes (1985)
E.D. Kane: Phys. Rev. Let. 12, 97 (1964)
P. Heimann, H. Miosga, H. Neddermeyer: Solid State Commun. 29, 463 (1979)
P.O. Nilsson, N. Dahlbaeck: Solid State Commun. 29, 303 (1979)
H. Asonen, M. Lindroos, M. Pessa, N. Dahlbaeck: Solid State Commun. 35, 69 (1980)
R. Courths, V. Bachelier, S. Hüfner: Solid State Commun. 38, 887 (1981)
M. Lindroos, H. Asonen, M. Pessa, N.V. Smith: Solid State Commun. 39, 285 (1981)
R. Courths: Solid State Commun. 40, 529 (1981)
R. Courths, V. Bachelier, B. Cord, S. Hüfner: Solid State Commun. 40, 1059 (1981)
M. Pessa, M. Lindroos, H. Asonen, N.V. Smith: Phys. Rev. B 25, 738 (1982)
R. Courths, H. Wern, U. Hau, B. Cord, V. Bachelier, S. Hüfner: J. Phys. F., Metal Phys. 14, 1559 (1984)
R. Courths, H. Wern, U. Hau, B. Cord, V. Bachelier, S. Hüfner: Solid State Commun. 49, 989 (1984)
H. Becker, E. Dietz, U. Gerhardt, A. Angermueller: Phys. Rev. B 12, 2084 (1975)
H. Eckardt, L. Fritsche, J. Noffke: J. Phys. F 14, 97 (1984)
M. Wöhlecke, A. Baalmann, M. Neumann: Solid State Commun. 49, 217 (1984)
A. Baalmann, M. Neumann: BESSY Annual Report 1984
E. Dietz, D.E. Eastman: Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 1674 (1978)
J.F. Janak, A.R. Williams, V.L. Moruzzi: Phys. Rev. B 11, 1522 (1975)
H. Wern, R. Courths, G. Leschik, S. Hüfner: Z. Physik B 60, 293 (1985)
R. Rosei, R. Lässer, N.V. Smith, R.L. Benbow: Solid State Commun. 35, 979 (1980)
J.A. Knapp, F.J. Himpsel, D.E. Eastman: Phys. Rev. B 19, 4952 (1979)
P.T. Coleridge, I.M. Templeton: Phys. Rev. B 25, 7818 (1982)
R.L. Benbow, N.V. Smith: Phys. Rev. B 27, 3144 (1983)
N.V. Smith: In Photoemission in Solids 1 ed. by M. Cardona, L. Ley, Topics Appl. Phys., Vol.26 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1978) Chap.6
H. Przbylski, A. Baalmann, G. Borste!, M. Neumann: Phys. Rev. B 27, 6669 (1983)
F.J. Himpsel, D.E. Eastman: Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 507 (1978)
K.A. Mills, R.F. Davis, S.D. Kevan, G. Thornton, D.A. Shirley: Phys. Rev. B 22, 581 (1980)
D.P. Woodruff, N.V. Smith, P.D. Johnson, W.A. Royer: Phys. Rev. B 26, 2943 (1982)
W. Altmann, V. Dose, A. Goldmann, U. Kolac, J. Rogozik: Phys. Rev. B 29, 3015 (1984)
C.N. Berglund, W.E. Spicer: Phys. Rev. 136, A1030 (1964)
C.N. Berglund, W.E. Spicer: Phys. Rev. 136, A1044 (1964)
N.V. Smith: Crit. Rev. Solid State Sci. 2, 45 (1971)
T. Gustafsson, P.O. Nilsson, L. Wallden: Phys. Lett. A 37, 121 (1971)
L. Wallden, T.G. Gustafsson: Phys. Scr. 6, 73 (1972)
R.C. Jaklevic, J. Lambe: Phys. Rev. B 12, 4146 (1975)
R. Rosei, C.H. Culp, J.H. Weaver: Phys. Rev. B 10, 484 (1974)
P.O. Nilsson, B. Sandell: Solid State Commun. 8, 721 (1970)
D.v.d. Marel, G.A. Sawatzky, R. Zeher, F.U. Hillebrecht, J.C. Fuggle: Solid State Commun. 50, 47 (1984)
B. Reihl, R.R. Schlittler: Phys. Rev. B 29, 2267 (1984)
N.V. Smith, M.M. Traum: Phys. Rev. Lett. 29, 1243 (1972)
P.O. Nilsson, D.E. Eastman: Phys. Scr. 8, 113 (1975)
H.F. Roloff, H. Neddermeyer: Solid State Commun. 21, 561 (1977)
P. Heimann, H. Neddermeyer, H.F. Roloff: Phys. Rev. Lett. 37, 775 (1976)
F.L. Battye, A. Goldmann, L. Kasper, S. Hüfner: Z. Phys. B 27, 209 (1977)
D. Liebowitz, N.J. Shevchik: Phys. Rev. B 17, 3825 (1978)
D. Liebowitz, N.J. Shevchik: Phys. Rev. B 16, 2395 (1977)
G.V. Hansson, S.A. Flodström: Phys. Rev. B 18, 1562 (1978)
S.P. Weeks, J.E. Rowe: Solid State Commun. 27, 885 (1978)
P.S. Wehner, R.S. Williams, S.D. Kevan, D. Denley, D.A. Shirley: Phys. Rev. B 19, 6164 (1979)
D.P. Spears, R. Melander, L.G. Petersson, S.B.M. Hagström: Phys. Rev. B 21, 1462 (1980)
G. Borstel, M. Neumann, G. Wöhlecke: Phys. Rev. B 23, 3121 (1981)
A. Goldmann, D. Westphal, R. Courths: Phys. Rev. B 25, 2000 (1982)
H.A. Padmore, C. Norris, G.C. Smith, C.G. Larsson, D. Norman: J. Phys. C, Solid State Phys. 15, L155 (1982)
K.C. Prince, G. Paolucci, B. Hayden, A.M. Bradshaw: Bessy Report 1983
H. Werra, G. Leschik, U. Hau, R. Courths: Solid State Commun. 50, 581 (1984)
For a compilation of band structures determined by photoemission spectroscopy see Lwidolt-Börnstein New Series, Group III, Vols. 23a (1990) and 23b (to be published), ed. by A. Goldmann, E.E. Koch (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg)
J.G. Nelson, S. Kim. W.J. Gignac, R.S. Williams, J.G. Tobin, S.W. Robey, D.A. Shirley: Phys. Rev. B 32, 3465 (1985)
H. Werra, R. Courths: Surf. Sci. 162, 29 (1985)
N.E. Christensen: Phys. States Solidi (b) 54, 551 (1972)
O. Jepsen, D. Gloetzel, A.R. Mackintosh: Phys. Rev. B 23, 2683 (1981)
J.A. Wilson, A.D. Yoffe: Adv. Phys. 18, 193 (1969)
R.C. Tatar, S. Rabii: Phys. Rev. B 25, 4126 (1982)
F.R. McFeely, S.P. Kowalczyk, L. Ley, D.A. Shirley: Phys. Lett. A 49, 301 (1974)
F.R. McFeely, S.P. Kowalczyk, L. Ley, R.G. Cavell, R.A. Pollak, D.A. Shirley: Phys. Rev. B 9, 5268 (1974)
A.R. Law, M.T. Johnson, H.P. Hughes: Phys. Rev. B 34, 4289 (1986)
D. Marchan, C. Fretigny, M. Lagues, F. Batallan, Ch. Simon, I. Rosenman, R. Pinchaux: Phys. Rev. B 30, 4788 (1984)
T. Takahashi, H. Tokailin, T. Sagawa: Solid State Commun. 52, 765 (1984)
A.R. Law, J.J. Barry, H.P. Hughes: Phys. Rev. B 28, 5332 (1983)
I.T. McGovern, W. Eberhardt, E.W. Plummer, J.E. Fischer: Physica B 99B, 415 (1980)
P.M. Williams, D. Latham, J. Wood: J. Electron Spectros. and Rel. Phenom. 7, 281 (1975)
R.F. Willis, B. Feuerbacher, B. Fitton: Phys. Rev. B 4, 2441 (1971)
V. Dose, G. Reusing, H. Scheidt: Phys. Rev. B 26, 984 (1982)
Th. Fauster, F.J. Himpsel, J.J. Donelson, A. Marx: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 54, 68 (1983)
R.F. Willis, B. Fitton, G.S. Painter: Phys. Rev. B 9, 1926 (1974)
L.S. Caputi, G. Chiarello, E. Colavita, A. Santaniello, L. Papagno: Surface Sci. 152 /153, 278 (1985)
Th. Fauster, F.J. Himpsel, J.E. Fischer, E.W. Plummer: Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 470 (1983)
N.A.W. Holzwarth, S.G. Louie, S. Rabii: Phys. Rev. B 26, 5382 (1982)
M. Posternak, A. Baldereschi, A.J. Freeman, E. Wimmer, M. Weinert: Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 761 (1983)
M. Posternak, A. Baldereschi, A.J. Freeman, E. Wimmer: Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 863 (1984)
I. Schäfer, M. Schlitzer, M. Skibowski: Phys. Rev. B 35, 7663 (1987)
F. Maeda, T. Takahashi, H. Ohsawa, S. Suzuki: Phys. Rev. B 37, 4482 (1988)
C.T. Chen, N.V. Smith: Phys. Rev. B 40, 7487 (1989); and Surf. Sci. 247, 133 (1991)
R. Courths, B. Cord, H. Wem, H. Saalfeld, S. Hüfner: Solid State Commun. 63, 619 (1987)
A. Spitzer, H. Lüth: Surf. Sci. 118, 121 (1982)
R.A. Didio, D.M. Zehner, E.W. Plummer: J. Vac. Sci. Techn. A 62, 852 (1984)
W. Jacob, V. Dose, A. Goldmann: Appl. Phys. A 41, 145 (1986)
R.P.N. Bronckers, A.G.J. De Wit: Surf. Sci. 112, 133 (1981)
J. Lapujoulade, Y. LeCruer, M. Lefort, Y. Lejay, E. Maurel: Surf. Sci. 118, 103 (1982)
H.L. Davis, J.R. Noonan: 41st Physical Electronics Conference, Bozeman, Montana (1981)
R. Feidenhans’l, I. Stensgaard: Surf. Sci. 133, 453 (1983)
J.F. Wendelken: Surf. Sci. 108, 605 (1981)
U. Doebler, K. Baberschke, J. Haase, A. Puschmann: Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 1437 (1984)
G. Ertl: Surf. Sci. 6, 208 (1967)
G. Ertl, J. Kueppers: Surf. Sci. 24, 104 (1971)
A.J.de Wit, R.P.N. Bronckers, J.M. Fluit: Surf. Sci. 82, 177 (1979)
J. Lapujoulade, Y. Le Cruer, M. Lefort, Y. Lejay, E. Maurel: Phys. Rev. B 22, 5740 (1980)
M. Bader, A. Puschmann, C. Ocal, J. Haase: Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 3273 (1986)
U. Doebler, K. Baberschke, D.D. Vvedensky, J.B. Pendry: Surf. Sci. 178, 679 (1986)
P. Hofman, R. Unwin, W. Wyrobisch, A.M. Bradshaw: Surf. Sci. 72, 635 (1978)
H. Niehus, G. Comsa: Surf. Sci. 140, 18 (1984)
F.M. Chua, Y. Kuk, P.J. Silverman: Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 386 (1989)
J.A. Stroscio, M. Persson, W. Ho: Phys. Rev. B 33, 6758 (1986)
D.T. Ling, J.N. Miller, D.L. Weissman, P. Pianetta, P.M. Stefan, I. Lindau, W.E. Spicer: Surf. Sci. 95, 89 (1980)
D.T. Ling, J.N. Miller, D.L. Weissman, P. Pianetta, L.I. Johansson, I. Lindau, W.E. Spicer: Surf. Sci. 92, 350 (1980)
D.J. Coulman, J. Wintterlin, R.J. Behm, G. Ertl: Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 1761 (1990)
N.W. Ashcroft, N.D. Mermin: Solid State Physics (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York 1976 )
J.C. Slater, G.F. Koster: Phys. Rev. 94, 1498 (1954)
W.A. Harrison: Electronic Structure and the Properties of Solids ( Freeman, San Francisco 1980 )
V. Dose: Surf. Sci. Rep. 5, 337 (1986)
F. Bertel: Appl. Phys. A 53, 356 (1991)
H.J. Freund, M. Neumann: Apl. Phys. A 47, 3 (1988)
H. Kuhlenbeck, M. Neumann, H.J. Freund: Surf. Sci. 173, 194 (1986)
H. Kuhlenbeck, H.B. Saalfeld, U. Buskotte, M. Neumann, H.J. Freund, E.W. Plummer: Phys. Rev. B 39, 3475 (1989)
E.W. Plummer: Surf. Sci. 152 /153, 162 (1985)
T.-C. Chiang, J.A. Knapp, M. Aono, D.E. Eastman: Phys. Rev. B 21, 3513 (1980)
D. Straub, M. Skibowski, F.J. Himpsel: Phys. Rev. B 32, 5239 (1985)
For data on Si see L.S.O. Johansson, P.E.S. Persson, U.O. Karlsson, R.I.G. Uhrberg: Phys. Rev. B 42, 8991 (1990)
Those for Ge are found in X.H. Chen, W. Ranke, E. Schröder-Bergen: Phys. Rev. B 42, 7429 (1990)
H.J. Levinson, F. Greuter, E.W. Plummer: Phys. Rev. B 27, 727 (1983) 7.149 N.W. Ashcroft: Phil. Mag. 8, 2055 (1963)
J.R. Anderson, S.S. Lane: Phys. Rev. B 2, 298 (1970)
I.W. Lyo, E.W. Plummer: Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 1558 (1988)
K.W.K. Shung, G.D. Mahan: Phys. Rev. B 38, 3856 (1988)
S.K. Ma, K.W.K. Shung: Phys. Rev. B 49, 10617 (1994)
F.J. Himpsel: Adv. Phys. 32, 1 (1983)
C.S. Wang, B.M. Klein: Phys. Rev. B 24, 3393 (1982)
D. Straub, M. Skibowski, F.J. Himpsel: Phys. Rev. B 32, 5239 (1985)
S. Hüfner, G.K. Wertheim, J.H. Wernick: Phys. Rev. B 8, 4511 (1973)
S. Hüfner: In Photoemission in Solids f! ed. by L. Ley, M. Cardona, Topics Appl. Phys., Vol.27 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1979) Chap.3
H. Höchst, S. Hüfner, A. Goldmann: Z. Physik B 26, 133 (1977)
P. Steiner, S. Hüfner, A.J. Freeman, D. Wang: Solid State Commun. 44, 619 (1982)
L.F. Wagner, Z. Hussain, C.S. Fadley, R.J. Baird: Solid State Commun. 21, 453 (1977)
S. Hüfner, G.K. Wertheim, J.H. Wernick: Solid State Commun. 17, 1585 (1975)
J. Friedel: Can. J. Phys. 34, 1190 (1956)
J. Friedel: J. Phys. Radium 19, 573 (1958)
J. Friedel: Suppl. Nuovo Cimento VII, 287 (1958)
P.W. Anderson: Phys. Rev. 124, 41 (1961)
H. Höchst, P. Steiner, S. Hüfner: Journ. of Magnet. and Magnetic Mat. 6, 159 (1977)
P. Steiner, H. Höchst, W. Steffen, S. Hüfner: Z. Physik B 38, 191 (1980)
P. Steiner, H. Höchst, S. Hüfner: J. Phys. F 7, L105 (1977)
H. Höchst, P. Steiner, S. Hüfner: Z. Phys. B 38, 201 (1980)
D.v.d. Marel, G.A. Sawatzky, F.U. Hillebrecht: Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 206 (1984)
R.G. Jordan, W. Drube, D. Straub, F.J. Himpsel: Phys. Rev. B 33, 5280 (1986)
L. Wallden: Phil. Mag. 21, 571 (1970)
H.P. Meyers, L. Wallden, A. Karlson: Phil. Mag. 18, 725 (1968)
L. Ley, M. Cardona, R.A. Pollack: In Topics in Appl. Phys. 27, 11 (1979)
A. Goldmann: Phys. Stat. Sol. B 81, 9 (1977)
N.J. Shevchik, J. Tejeda, M. Cardona: Phys. Rev. B 9, 2627 (1974)
L. Ley, R.A. Pollak, F.R. McFeely, S.P. Kowalszcyk, D.A. Shirley: Phys. Rev. B 9, 600 (1974)
A.B. Pippard: Rep. Prog. Phys. 23, 176 (1960)
S.K. Shinha: Phys. Rev. 143, 422 (1966)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hüfner, S. (1995). Bandstructure and Angular-Resolved Photoemission Spectra. In: Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, vol 82. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03150-6_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03150-6_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-03152-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-03150-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive