Skip to main content
Book cover

Dermatology pp 571–647Cite as

Erythemato-Papulo-Squamous Diseases

  • Chapter

Abstract

The diseases covered below all feature erythematous or papular lesions which often become covered with scale. The term papulosquamous is most often used in the USA but fails to correctly describe diseases such as pityriasis rosea which has erythematous macules and then scale, but never papules. Thus we prefer erythematosquamous, even though it is not widely used in English. Most of these diseases have an unclear etiology and their appearance in the same chapter should not be interpreted as evidence of any biologic relationship.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

Erythemas Flushing

Blushing

  • Drott C, Claes G, Olsson R (1998) Successful treatment of facial blushing by endoscopic transthoracic sympathicotomy. Br J Dermatol 138:639–643

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Flushing in Carcinoid Syndrome

  • Roberts JL, Marney SR, Oates JA (1979) Blockage of the flush associated with metastatic gastric carcinoid by combined H1 and H2 receptor antagonists. Evidence for an important role of H2 receptors in human vasculature. N Engl J Med 300:236–238

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith AG, Greaves MW (1974) Blood prostaglandin activity associated with noradrenaline-provoked flush in the carcinoid syndrome. Br J Dermatol 90:547–551

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Familial Palmoplantar Erythema

Figurate Erythemas

  • Hurley H, Hurley JP (1984) The gyrate erythemas. Semin Dermatol 3:327–336

    Google Scholar 

  • Saurat JH, Janin-Mercier A (1984) Infantile epidermodys-plastic erythema gyratum responsive to imidazoles. A new entity? Arch Dermatol 1320:1601–1603

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Summerly R (1964) The figurative erythemas and neoplasia. Br J Dermatol 76:370–373

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Erythema Annulare Centrifugum

  • Bressler GS, Jones RE Jr (1981) Erythema annulare centrifugum. J Am Acad Dermatol 4:597–602

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Darier J (1916) De l’érythème annulaire centrifuge (éry-thème papulocirciné migrateur et chronique) et de quelques éruptions analogues. Ann Dermatol Syph 7:57–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Jilson D (1954) Allergic confirmation that some cases of erythema annulare centrifugum are dermatophytids. Arch Dermatol Syphilol 70:355–359

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mahboob A, Haroon TS (1998) Drugs causing fixed eruptions: a study of 450 cases. Int J Dermatol 37:833–838

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahood JM (1983) Erythema annulare centrifugum. A review of 24 cases with special reference to its association with underlying disease. Clin Exp Dermatol 8:383–387

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reichel M, Wheeland RG (1991) Inflammatory carcinoma masquerading as erythema annulare centrifugum. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 73:138–140

    Google Scholar 

  • Shelley WB (1965) Erythema annulare centrifugum due to Candida albicans. Br J Dermatol 77:383–384

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trying SK (1993) Reactive erythemas: erythema annulare centrifugum and erythema gyratum repens. Clin Dermatol 11:135–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

Erythema Gyratum Repens

  • Albers SE, Fenske NA, Glass LF (1993) Erythema gyratum repens: direct immunofluorescence findings. J Am Acad Dermatol 29:493–494

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barber PV, Doyle L, Vickers KM, et al. (1978) Erythema gyratum repens with pulmonary tuberculosis. Br J Dermatol 98:465–468

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyd AS, Neldner KH, Menter A (1992) Erythema gyratum repens: a paraneoplastic eruption. J Am Acad Dermatol 26:757–762

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gammel JA (1952) Erythema gyratum repens — skin manifestations in a patient with carcinoma of breast. Arch Dermatol Syphilol 66:494–505

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garret SJ, Roenigk HH Jr (1998) Erythema gyratum repens in a healthy woman. J Am Acad Dermatol 26:121–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kawakami T, Saito R (1995) Erythema gyratum repens un-associated with underlying malignancy. J Dermatol 22: 587–589

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurzrock R, Cohen PR (1995) Erythema gyratum repens. JAMA 273:594

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Annular Erythema of Infancy

Erythema Gyratum Perstans

  • Beare JM, Frogatt P, Jones JH (1966) Familial annular erythema. An apparently new dominant mutation. Br J Dermatol 78:59–68

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman SJ, Winkelmann RK (1987) Familial granuloma annulare. Report of two cases and review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol 16:600–605

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Erythema Marginatum

  • Burke JB (1993) Erythema marginatum. Arch Dis Child 30: 359–365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gadrat J (1983) Sur les érythèmes rhumatismaux. Ann Dermatol Syph 9:1045–1051

    Google Scholar 

  • Green ST,Harnlet NW, Willocks L (1990) Psittacosis presenting with erythema-marginatum-like lesions — a case report and a historical review. Clin Exp Dermatol 15: 225–227

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Erythema Scarlatiniforme Desquamativum Recidivans

  • Lausecker H (1954) Das Erythema scarlatiniforme desquamativum recidivans. Arch Dermatol Syphilol 198: 529–548

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landthaler M, Michalopoulos M, Schwab U et al. (1985) Erythema scarlatiniforme desquamativum recidivans localisatum. Hautarzt 36:581–585

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Necrolytic Migratory Erythema

  • Becker SW, Kahn D, Rothman S (1942) Cutaneous manifestations of internal malignant tumors. Arch Dermatol Syphilol 45:1069–1080

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burton JL (1993) Zinc and essential fatty acid therapy for necrolytic migratory erythema. Arch Dermatol 129:246

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doyle JA, Schroeter AL, Rogers RS III (1979) Hyperglucago-nemia and necrolytic migratory erythema in cirrhosis -possible pseudoglucagonoma syndrome. Br J Dermatol 101:581–587

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kheir SM, Omura EF, Grizzle WE et al. (1986) Histologic variation in the skin lesions of the glucagonoma syndrome. Am J Surg Pathol 10:445–453

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marinkovich MP, Botella R, Datloff J et al. (1995) Necrolytic migratory erythema without glucagonoma in patients with liver disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 32:604–609

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheperd ME, Raimer SS, Tyring SK et al. (1991) Treatment of necrolytic migratory erythema in glucagonoma syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 25:925–928

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sinclair SA, Reynolds NJ (1997) Necrolytic migratory erythema and zinc deficiency. Br J Dermatol 136:783–785

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vandersteen PR, Scheithauer BW (1985) Glucagonoma syndrome. A clinicopathologic, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study. J Am Acad Dermatol 12:1032–1039

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Multiforme and Nodose Erythemas Erythema Multiforme

  • Aslanzadeh J, Helm KF, Espy JM et al. (1992) Detection of HSV-specific DNA in biopsy tissue of patients with erythema multiforme by polymerase chain reaction. Br J Dermatol 126:19–23

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aurelian L, Kokuba H, Burnett JW (1998) Understanding the pathogenesis of HSV-associated erythema multiforme. Dermatology 197:219–222

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bedi TR, Pinkus H (1976) Histopathological spectrum of erythema multiforme. Br J Dermatol 95:243–250

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choy AC, Yarnold PR, Brown JE et al. (1995) Virus induced erythema multiforme and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Allergy Proc 16:157–161

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drago F, Parodi A, Rebora A (1995) Persistent erythema multiforme: report of two new cases and review of literature. J Am Acad Dermatol 33:366–369

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duvic M, Reisner EG, Dawson DV et al. (1983) HLA-B15 association with erythema multiforme. J Am Acad Dermatol 8:493–496

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fabbri P, Panconseni E (1993) Erythema multiforme (“minus” and “maius”) and drug intake. Clin Dermatol 11:479–489

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foedinger D, Anhalt GJ, Boecskoer B et al. (1995) Autoantibodies to desmoplakin I and II in patients with erythema multiforme. J Exp Med 181:169–179

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hewitt J, Ormerod AD (1992) Toxic epidermal necrolysis treated with cyclosporine. Clin Exp Dermatol 17:264–265

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huff JC (1988) Therapy and prevention of erythema multiforme with acyclovir. Semin Dermatol 7:212–217

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huff JC, Weston WL, Tonnesen MG (1983) Erythema multiforme: a critical review of characteristics, diagnostic criteria and causes. J Am Acad Dermatol 8:763–775

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lemak MA, Davis M, Bean SF (1986) Oral acyclovir for the prevention of herpes-associated erythema multiforme. J Am Acad Dermatol 15:50–54

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis DA, Brook MG (1992) Erythema multiforme as a presentation of human immunodeficiency virus seroconversion illness. Int J STD AIDS 3:56–57

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lyell A (1979) Toxic epidermal necrolysis (the scalded skin syndrome): a reappraisal. Br J Dermatol 100:69–86

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lyell A, Gordon AM, Dick HM (1967) Mycoplasmas and erythema multiforme. Lancet ii: 1116–1118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miura S, Smith CC, Burnett JW et al. (1992) Detection of viral DNA within skin of healed recurrent herpes simplex infection and erythema multiforme lesions. J Invest Dermatol 98:68–72

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rzany B, Hering O, Mockenhaupt M et al. (1996) Histopatho-logical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with erythema exudativum multiforme major, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Br J Dermatol 135:6–11

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shelley WB (1967) Herpes simplex virus as a cause of erythema multiforme. JAMA 201:153–156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Todd P, Halpern S, Munro DD (1995) Oral terbinafine and erythema multiforme. Clin Exp Dermatol 201 247–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wuepper KD, Watson PA, Katzmierowski JA (1980) Immune complexes in erythema multiforme and the Stevens-Johnson syndrome. J Invest Dermatol 74:368–371

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Acute Febrile Neutrophilic Dermatosis

  • Cohen PR (1993) Pregnancy-associated Sweet’s syndrome: world literature review. Obstet Gynecol Surv 48:584–587

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen PR, Kurzrock R (1987) Sweet’s syndrome and malignancy. Am J Med 82:1220–1226

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen PR, Holder WR, Tucker SB et al. (1993) Sweet syndrome in patients with solid tumors. Cancer 72:2723–2731

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Driesch P van den (1994) Sweet’s syndrome: acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 31:535–556

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hofmann C, Braun-Falco O, Petzoldt D (1976) Akute febrile neutrophile Dermatose (Sweet-Syndrom). Dtsch Med Wochenschr 101:1113–1118

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeanfils S, Joly P, Young P (1997) Indomethacin treatment of eighteen patients with Sweet’s syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 36:436–439

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kemmett D, Hunter JAA, Berth-Jones J et al. (1989) Sweet’s syndrome and malignancy: a case associated with multiple myeloma and review of the literature. Br J Dermatol 121:123–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kemmett D, Hunter JAA, Berth-Jones J et al. (1989) Sweet’s syndrome: a clinicopathologic review of twenty nine cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 23:503–507

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Storer JS, Nesbitt LT, Galen WK et al. (1983) Sweet’s syndrome: a review. Int J Dermatol 22:8–12

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sweet RD (1964) An acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis. Br J Dermatol 76: 349–356

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sweet RD (1979) Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis -1978. Br J Dermatol 100:93–99

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tikjob G, Kassis V, Klem-Thomsen H et al. (1985) Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis and abnormal bone marrow chromosomes as a marker for preleukemia. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 65:177–179

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walker DC, Cohen PR (1996) Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxa-zole-associated acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis: case report and review of drug-induced Sweet’s syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 34:918–923

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Pityriasis Rosea

  • Aiba S, Tagami H (1985) Immunohistologic studies in pityriasis rosea. Arch Dermatol 121:761–765

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aoshima T, Komura J, Ofiji S (1981) Virus-like particles in the herald patch of pityriasis rosea. Dermatologica 162: 64–65

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arndt KA, Paul BS, Stern RS et al. (1983) Treatment of pityriasis rosea with UV radiation. Arch Dermatol 119:381–382

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Björnberg A, Hellgren L (1962) Pityriasis rosea: a statistical, clinical and laboratory investigation of 826 patients and matched healthy controls. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 42 [Suppl 50]: 1–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Drago F, Ranieri E, Malaguti F et al. (1997) Human herpesvirus 7 in pityriasis rosea. Lancet 349:1367–1368

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gibert GM (1860) Traité pratique des maladies de la peau et de la syphilis, 3rd edn. Plon, Paris, p 402

    Google Scholar 

  • Leenutaphong V, Jiamtom S (1995) UVB phototherapy for pityriasis rosea. A bilateral comparison study. J Am Acad Dermatol 33:996–999

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marcus-Faber BS, Bergman R, Ben-Porath E et al. (1997) Serum antibodies to parvovirus B19 in patients with pityriasis rosea. Dermatology 194:371

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Messenger AG, Knox EG, Summerly R et al. (1982) Case clustering in pityriasis rosea: support for role of an infective agent, Br Med J 284:371–373

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Panizzon R, Bloch PH (1982) Histopathology of pityriasis rosea Gibert. Qualitative and quantitative lightmicro-scopic study of 62 biopsies of 40 patients. Dermatologica 165:551–558

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons JM (1986) Pityriasis rosea update:1986. J Am Acad Dermatol 15:159–167

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pierson JC, Dijkstra JW, Elston DM (1993) Purpuric pityriasis rosea. J Am Acad Dermatol 28:1021

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Pityriasis Rotunda

  • Aste N, Pau M, Biggio P (1997) Pityriasis rotunda: a survey of 42 cases observed in Sardinia, Italy. Dermatology 194: 32–35

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grimait R, Gelmetti C, Brusasco A et al. (1994) Pityriasis rotunda: report of a familial occurrence and review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol 31:866–871

    Article  Google Scholar 

Psoriasis General

  • Abel EA, DiCicco LM, Orenberg EK et al. (1986) Drugs in exacerbation of psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 15:1007–1022

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashcroft DM, Li Wan A, Williams HC et al. (1999) Clinical measures of disease severity and outcome in psoriasis: a critical appraisal of their quality. Br J Dermatol 141: 185–191

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baker BS, Fry L (1992) The immunology of psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 126:1–9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beutner EH (ed) (1984) Autoimmunity in psoriasis. CRC, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  • Bos JD (1988) The pathomechanism of psoriasis; the skin immune system and cyclosporine. Br J Dermatol 118: 141–155

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eedy DJ, Burrows D, Bridges JM et al. (1990) Clearance of severe psoriasis after allogenic bone marrow transplantation. BMJ 300:908

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gottlieb SL, Gilleaudeau P, Johnson R et al. (1995) Response of psoriasis to a lymphocyte-selective toxin (DAB389IL-2) suggests a primary immune, but not keratinocyte, pathogenic basis. Nat Med 1:442–447

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kulick KB, Mogavero H Jr, Provost TT et al. (1983) Serologic studies in patients with lupus erythematosus and psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 8:631–634

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menssen A, Trommler P, Vollmer S et al. (1995) Evidence for an antigen-specific cellular immune response in skin lesions of patients with psoriasis vulgaris. J Immunol 155:4078–4083

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naldi L, Peli L, Parazzini F (1999) Association of early-stage psoriasis with smoking and male alcohol consumption. Arch Dermatol 135:1479–1484

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Obuch ML, Maurer TA, Becker B et al. (1992) Psoriasis and human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Am Acad Dermatol 27:667–673

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poikolainen K, Karvonen J, Pukkala E (1999) Excess mortality related to alcohol and smoking among hospital-treated patients with psoriasis. Arch Dermatol 135: 1490–1493

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prinz JC, Gross B, Vollmer S et al. (1994) T cell clones from psoriasis skin lesions can promote keratinocyte proliferation in vitro. Eur J Immunol 24:593–598

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roenigk HH, Maibach HI (eds) (1998) Psoriasis, 3rd edn. Dekker, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Valdimarson H, Baker BS, Jonsdottir I et al. (1986) Psoriasis: a disease of abnormal keratinocyte proliferation induced by T lymphocytes. Immunol Today 7:256–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valdimarsson H, Sigmundsdottir H, Jonsdottir I (1997) Is psoriasis induced by streptococcal superantigens and maintained by M-protein-specific T cells that cross-react with keratin? Clin Exp Immunol 107 [Suppl 1]: 21–24

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vollmer S, Menssen A, Trommler P et al. (1994) T lymphocytes derived from skin lesions of patients with psoriasis vulgaris express a novel cytokine pattern that is distinct from that of T helper type 1 and T helper type 2 cells. Eur J Immunol 24:2377–2382

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wrone Smith T, Nickoloff BJ (1996) Dermal injection of immunocytes induces psoriasis. J Clin Invest 98:1878–1887

    Article  Google Scholar 

Genetics

  • Christophers E, Henseler T (1992) Psoriasis type I and II as subtypes of nonpustular psoriasis. Semin Dermatol 11:261–266

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elder JT, Henseler T, Christophers E et al. (1994) Of genes and antigens: the inheritance of psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 103:150S–153S

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farber EM, Nail ML, Watson W (1974) Natural history of psoriasis in 61 twin pairs. Arch Dermatol 109:207–210

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henseler T (1998) Genetics of psoriasis. Arch Dermatol Res 290:463–476

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henseler T, Christophers E (1985) Psoriasis of early and late onset: characterization of two types of psoriasis vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol 13:450–456

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jenisch S, Henseler T, Nair RP et al. (1998) Linkage analysis of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) markers in familial psoriasis: strong disequilibrium effects provide evidence for a major determinant in the HLA-B/-C region. Am J Hum Genet 63:191–199

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karvonen J (1975) HL-A antigens in psoriasis with special reference to the clinical type, age of onset, exacerbation after respiratory infections an occurrence of arthritis. Ann Clin Res 7:301–311

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karvonen J, Tiilikainen A, Lassus A (1975) HL-A antigen in patients with persistent palmoplantar pustulosis and pustular psoriasis. Ann Clin Res 7:112–115

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lerner MR, Lerner AB (1972) Congenital psoriasis. Arch Dermatol 105:598–602

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lomholt G (1963) Psoriasis: prevalence, spontaneous course and genetics. A census study on the prevalence of skin diseases on the Faroe Islands. G.E.C. GAD, Copenhagen

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthews D, Fry L, Powles A et al. (1996) Evidence that a locus for familial psoriasis maps to chromosome 4q. Nat Genet 14:231–233

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nair RP, Guo SW, Jenisch S et al. (1995) Scanning chromosome 17 for psoriasis susceptibility: lack of evidence for a distal 17q locus. Hum Hered 45:219–230

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nair RP, Henseler T, Jenisch S et al. (1997) Evidence for two psoriasis susceptibility loci (HLA and 17q) and two novel candidate regions (16q and 20p) by genome-wide scan. Hum Mol Genet 6:1349–1356

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Russell TJ, Schultes LM, Kuban DJ (1972) Histocompatibility (HL-A) antigens associated with psoriasis. N Engl J Med 287:738–740

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tomfohrde J, Silverman A, Barnes R et al. (1994) Gene for familial psoriasis susceptibility mapped to the distal end of human chromosome vq. Science 264:1141–1145

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trembath RC, Clough RL, Rosbotham JL et al. (1997) Identification of a major susceptibility locus on chromosome 6p and evidence for further disease loci revealed by a two stage genome-wide search in psoriasis. Hum Mol Genet 6:813–820

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Clinical Features

  • Braun-Falco O (1963) Zur Morphogenese der psoriatischen Hautreaktion. Eine morphologisch-histochemische Studie. Arch Klin Exp Dermatol 216:130–154

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braun-Falco O, Christophers E (1974) Structural aspects of initial psoriatic lesions. Arch Dermatol Forsch 251:95–110

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braun-Falco O, Schmoeckel C (1977) The dermal inflammatory reaction in initial psoriatic lesions. Arch Dermatol Res 258:9–16

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christophers E, Parzefall R, Braun-Falco O (1973) Initial events in psoriasis: quantitative assessment. Br J Dermatol 89:327–334

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farber EM, Nall L (1992) Nail psoriasis. Cutis 50:174–178

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farber EM, Nall L (1992) Nonpustular palmoplantar psoriasis. Cutis 50:407–410

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farber EM, Nall L (1993) Psoriasis associated with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Cutis 52:29–35

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lazar AP, Roenigk HH (1987) Aids and psoriasis. Cutis 39:347–351

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nickoloff BJ (1987) Interferons and psoriasis — 1987 perspective. Dermatologica 175:1–4

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ragaz A, Ackerman AB (1979) Evolution, maturation and regression of lesions of psoriasis. Am J Dermatopathol 1:199–214

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Therapy

  • Abel EA, DiCicco LM, Orenberg EK et al. (1986) Drugs in exacerbation of psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 15:1007–1022

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abels DJ, Kattan-Byron J (1985) Psoriasis treatment at the Dead Sea: a natural selective ultraviolet phototherapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 12:639–643

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Altmeyer PJ, Matthes U, Pawlak F et al. (1994) Antipsoriatic effect of fumaric acid derivatives. Results of a multicen-ter double-blind study in 100 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 30: 977–981

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berth-Jones J, Hutchinson PE (1992) Vitamin D analogues and psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 127:71–78

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berth Jones J, Voorhees JJ (1996) Consensus conference on cyclosporine microemulsion for psoriasis, June 1996. Br J Dermatol 135:775–777

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bos JD, Meinardi MM, Van Joost T et al. (1989) Use of cyclosporine in psoriasis. Lancet 2:1500–1502

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Calzavara Pinton PG, Ortel B, Carlino et al. (1993) Photo-testing and phototoxic side effects in bath PUVA. J Am Acad Dermatol 28:657–659

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins P, Rogers S (1992) The efficacy of methotrexate in psoriasis — a review of 40 cases. Clin Exp Dermatol 17: 257–260

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis CN, Voorhees JJ (1987) Etretinate therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 16:267–291

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis CN, Gorsulowsky DC, Hamilton TA et al. (1986) Cyclosporine improves psoriasis in a double-blind study. JAMA 256:3110–3116

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis CN, Fradin MS, Hamilton TA et al. (1995) Duration of remission during maintenance cyclosporine therapy for psoriasis. Relationship to maintenance dose and degree of improvement during initial therapy. Arch Dermatol 131:791–795

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Esgleyes Ribot T, Chandraratna RA, Lew Kaya DA et al. (1994) Response of psoriasis to a new topical retinoid, AGN190168. J Am Acad Dermatol 30:581–590

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farber EM, Nall L, Morhenn V et al. (1987) Psoriasis. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium. Elsevier, New York Amsterdam London

    Google Scholar 

  • Farber EM (1992) History of the treatment of psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 27:640–645

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farber EM, Harris DR (1970) Hospital treatment of psoriasis. A modified anthralin program. Arch Dermatol 101: 381–389

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gollnick H, Bauer R, Brindley C et al. (1988) Acitretin versus etretinate in psoriasis. Clinical and pharmacological results of a German multicenter study. J Am Acad Dermatol 19:458–469

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gollnick HP (1996) Oral retinoids — efficacy and toxicity in psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 135 [Suppl 49]: 6–17

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greaves MW, Weinstein GD (1995) Treatment of psoriasis. New Engl J Med 332:581–588

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heidbreder G, Christophers E (1979) Therapy of psoriasis with retinoid plus PUVA: clinical and histological data. Arch Dermatol 264:331–337

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henseler T, Christophers E, Hönigsmann H (1987) Skin tumors in the European PUVA Study. Eight year follow-up of 1643 patients treated with PUVA for psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 16:108–116

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ingram JT (1954) The approach to psoriasis. Brit Med J ii: 591–594

    Google Scholar 

  • Jekler J, Swanbeck G (1992) One-minute dithranol therapy in psoriasis: a placebo-controlled paired comparative study. Acta Dermato Venereol (Stockh) 72:449–450

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kerkhof PC van de (1998) An update on vitamin D3 analogues in the treatment of psoriasis. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol 11:2–10

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kerscher M, Volkenandt M, Plewig G et al. (1993) Combination phototherapy of psoriasis with calcipotriol and narrow-band UVB. Lancet 342:923

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koo JY (1998) Tazarotene in combination with phototherapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 39: S144–S148

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koo J, Lebwohl M (1999) Duration of remission of psoriasis therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol 41:51–59

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kragballe K, Dam TN, Hansen ER et al. (1994) Efficacy and safety of the 20-epi-vitamin D3 analogue KH 1060 in the topical therapy of psoriasis: results of a dose-ranging study. Acta Derm Venereol 74:398–402

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lebwohl M, Ellis C, Gottlieb A et al. (1998) Cyclosporine consensus conference: with emphasis on the treatment of psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 39:464–475

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lebwohl M, Poulin Y (1998) Tazarotene in combination with topical corticosteroids. J Am Acad Dermatol 39:8139

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowe NJ, Wortzman MS, Breeding J et al. (1983) Coal tar phototherapy for psoriasis reevaluated: erythemogenic versus suberythemogenic ultraviolet with a tar extract in oil and crude coal tar. J Am Acad Dermatol 8:781–789

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marks JM (1986) Cyclosporin A treatment of severe psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 115:745–746

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menne T, Larsen K (1992) Psoriasis treatment with vitamin D derivatives. Semin Dermatol 11:278–183

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menter A, Cram DL (1983) The Goeckerman regimen in two psoriasis day care centers. J Am Acad Dermatol 9: 59–65

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michel G, Kemeny L, Homey B et al. (1996) FK506 in the treatment of inflammatory skin disease: promises and perspectives. Immunol Today 17:106–108

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morel P, Revillard JP, Nicolas JF et al. (1992) Anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody therapy in severe psoriasis. J Autoim-mun 5:465–477

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mrowietz U, Christophers E, Altmeyer P (1999) Treatment of severe psoriasis with fumaric acid esters: scientific background and guidelines for therapeutic use. Br J Dermatol 141:424–429

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ortel B, Perl S, Kinaciyan T et al. (1993) Comparison of narrow-band (311 nm) UVB and broad-band UVA after oral or bath-water 8-methoxypsoralen in the treatment of psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 29:736–740

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peter RU, Ruzicka T (1992) Cyclosporin A in der Therapie entzündlicher Dermatosen. Hautarzt 43:687–694

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Powles AV, Cook T, Huhne B et al. (1993) Renal function and biopsy findings after 5 years’ treatment with low-dose cyclosporine for psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 128:159–165

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Powles AV, Hardman CM, Porter WM et al. (1998) Renal function after 10 years’ treatment with cyclosporine for psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 138:443–449

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prinz JC, Braun-Falco O, Meurer M et al. (1991) Chimeric CD4 monoclonal antibody in treatment of generalized pustular psoriasis. Lancet 338:320–321

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roenigk HH Jr, Auerbach R, Maibach H et al. (1998) Methotrexate in psoriasis: consensus conference. J Am Acad Dermatol 38:478–485

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Runne U, Kunze JJ (1982) Short-duration (“minutes”) therapy with dithranol for psoriasis: a new out-patient regimen. Br J Dermatol 106:135–139

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shroot B (1986) Anthralin. Dermatologica 173:261–263

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Speight EL, Farr PM (1994) Calcipotriol improves the response of psoriasis to PUVA. Br J Dermatol 130:79–82

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steigleder GK, Orfanos CE, Pullmann H (1979) Retinoid-SUP-Therapie der Psoriasis. Z Hautkr 54:19–23

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stern RS (1997) Psoriasis. Lancet 350:349–353

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stern RS, Nichols KT, Vakeva LH (1997) Malignant melanoma in patients treated for psoriasis with methoxsalen (psoralen) and ultraviolet A radiation (PUVA). N Engl J Med 336:1041–1045.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stern RS, Lange R, Members of the Photochemotherapy Follow-up Study (1988) Non-melanoma skin cancer occurring in patients treated with PUVA five to ten years after treatment. J Invest Dermatol 91:120–124

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Streit V, Wiedow O, Christophers E (1994) Innovative Balneotherapie mit reduzierten Badevolumina: Folienbäder. Hautarzt 45:140–144

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Studniberg HM, Weller P (1993) PUVA, UVB, psoriasis, and nonmelanoma skin cancer. J Am Acad Dermatol 29:1013–1022

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanew A, Ortel B, Rappersberger K et al. (1988) 5-methoxy-psoralen (Bergapten) for photochemotherapy. Bioavailability, phototoxicity, and clinical efficacy in psoriasis of a new drug preparation. J Am Acad Dermatol 18:333–338

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vallat VP, Gilleaudeau P, Battat L et al. (1994) PUVA bath therapy strongly suppresses immunological and epidermal activation in psoriasis: a possible cellular basis for remittive therapy. J Exp Med 180:283–296

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walters IB, Burack LH, Coven TR et al. (1999) Suberythemogenic narrow-band UVB is markedly more effective than conventional UVB in treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol 40:893–900

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang JTC, Krazmien RJ, Dahlheim CR (1986) Anthralin stain removal. J Am Acad Dermatol 15:951–955

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein GD (1996) Safety, efficacy and duration of therapeutic effect of tazarotene used in the treatment of plaque psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 135 [Suppl 49]:32–36

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zachariae H, Abrams B, Bleehen SS et al. (1998) Conversion of psoriasis patients from the conventional formulation of cyclosporin to a new microemulsion formulation: a randomized, open, multicentre assessment of safety and tolerability. Dermatology 196:231–236

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zachariae H (2000) Liver biopsies and methotrexate: A time for recondsideration? J Am Acad Dermatol 42:531–534

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zaun H (1985) Orale Glukokortikosteroidtherapie bei Psoriasis vulgaris: Pro und Contra. Hautarzt 36:13–15

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Pustular Psoriasis

  • Baker H, Ryan TJ (1968) Generalized pustular psoriasis. A clinical and epidemiological study of 104 cases. Br J Dermatol 8:771–793

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barber HW (1936) Pustular psoriasis of the extremities. Guy Hosp Rep 86:108

    Google Scholar 

  • Braun-Falco O, Weidner F (1968) Psoriasis vom Typ des Erythema anulare centrifigum mit Pustulation. Hautarzt 19:109–115

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braun-Falco O, Berthold D, Ruzicka T (1987) Psoriasis pustulosa generalisata — Klassifikation, Klinik und Therapie. Übersicht und Erfahrungen an 18 Patienten. Hautarzt 38:509–520

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan SA, Peterkin GA, Mitchell PC (1972) Juvenile generalized pustular psoriasis. A report of five cases and a review of the literature. Arch Dermatol 105: 167–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearson LH, Allen BS, Smith JG Jr (1984) Acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau: treatment with etretinate and review of relapsing pustular eruptions of the hands and feet. J Am Acad Dermatol 11:755–762

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peter RU, Ruzicka T, Donhauser G et al. (1990) Acrodermatitis continua-type of pustular psoriasis responds to low-dose cyclosporine. J Am Acad Dermatol 23: 515–516

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shelnitz LS, Esterly NB, Honig PJ (1987) Etretinate therapy for generalized pustular psoriasis in children. Arch Dermatol 123:230–233

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zelickson BD, Muller SA (1991) Generalized pustular psoriasis. A review of 63 cases. Arch Dermatol 127:1339–1345

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zumbusch LR von (1909–1910) Psoriasis und pustuloses Exanthem. Arch Dermatol Syph 99:335

    Google Scholar 

Psoriatic Arthritis

  • Braun-Falco O, Ruzicka T (1994) Psoriatic arthritis. Int J Dermatol 33:320–322

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carette S, Calin A, McCafferty JP et al. (1989) A double-blind placebo-controlled study of auranofin in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 32:158–165

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chamot AM, Benhamou CL, Kahn MF et al. (1987) Acne-pustulosis-hyperostosis-osteitis syndrome. Results of a national survey Rev Rheum Mal Osteoartic 54:187–196

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farr M, Kitas GD, Waterhouse L et al. (1988) Treatment of psoriatic arthritis with sulphasalazine: a one year open study. Clin Rheumatol 7:372–377

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldges DH, Barnes CG (1974) Treatment of psoriatic arthropathy with either azathioprine or methotrexate. Rheumatol Rehabil 13:120–124

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta AK, Matteson EL, Ellis CN et al. (1989) Cyclosporine in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis. Arch Dermatol 125:507–510

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moll JMH (1986) Psoriatic arthropathy. In: Mier PD, Kerkhof PCM van de (eds) Textbook of psoriasis. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 55–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsen TG (1981) Chloroquine and psoriasis. Ann Intern Med 94:546–549

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruzicka T (1996) Psoriatic arthritis. New types, new treatments. Arch Dermatol 132:215–219

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salvarani C, Zizzi F, Macchioni P et al. (1989) Clinical response to auranofin in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 8:54–57

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seideman P, Fjellner B, Johannesson A (1987) Psoriatic arthritis treated with oral colchicine. J Rheumatol 14: 777–779

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sonozaki H, Mitusi H, Miyanaga Y et al. (1981) Clinical features of 53 cases with pustulotic arthro-osteitis. Ann Rheum Dis 40:547–553

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watts RA, Crisp AJ, Hazleman BL et al. (1993) Arthroosteitis: a clinical spectrum. Br J Rheumatol 32:403–407

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Reiter Syndrome

  • Aho K, Ahvonen P, Lassus A et al. (1974) HL-A 27 in reactive arthritis. A study of Yersinia arthritis and Reiter’s disease. Arthritis Rheum 17:521–526

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barron KS, Reveille JD, Carrington M et al. (1995) Susceptibility to Reiter’s syndrome is associated with alleles of TAP genes. Arthritis Rheum 38:684–689

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brewerton DA, Caffrey M, Nicholls A et al. (1973) Acute anterior uveitis and HL-A 27. Lancet 2:994–996

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butler MJ, Russell AS, Percy JS et al. (1979) A follow-up study of 48 patients with Reiter’s syndrome. Am J Med 67:808–810

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fiessinger N, Leroy E (1916) Contribution à l’étude d’une épidémie de dysenterie dans la Somme (juliett-octobre 1916) Bull Soc Med Hôp 40:2030–2069

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes RA, Keat AC (1994) Reiter’s syndrome and reactive arthritis: a current view. Semin Arthritis Rheum 24: 190–210

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marks JS, Holt PJ (1986) The natural history of Reiter’s disease — 21 years of observations. Q J Med 60:685–697

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reiter H (1916) Ueber eine bisher unbekannte Spirochaeten-infektion (Spirochaetosis arthitica). Dtsch Med Wochen-schr 42:1535–1536

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • WüTkens RF, Arnett FC, Bitter T et al. (1981) Reiter’s syndrome. Evaluation of preliminary criteria for definite disease. Arthritis Rheum 24:844–849

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yli Kerttula UI (1984) Clinical characteristics in male and female uro-arthritis or Reiter’s syndrome. Clin Rheumatol 3:351–360

    Article  Google Scholar 

Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris

  • Braun-Falco O, Ryckmanns F, Schmoeckel C et al. (1983) Pityriasis rubra pilaris: a clinico-pathological and therapeutic study with special reference to histochemistry, autoradiography, and electron microscopy. Arch Dermatol Res 275:287–295

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen PR, Prystowsky JH (1989) Pityriasis rubra pilaris: a review of diagnosis and treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol 20:801–807

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson CL, Winkelmann RK, Kierland RR (1969) Pityriasis rubra pilaris — follow up study of 57 patients. Arch Dermatol 100:175–183

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Devergie A (1857) Pityriasis pilaris. In: Traité practique des maladies de la peau, 2nd edn. Martinet, Paris pp 454–464

    Google Scholar 

  • Dicken CH (1994) Treatment of classic pityriasis rubra pilaris. J Am Acad Dermatol 31:997–999

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fleissner J, Happle R (1981) Etretinate in the treatment of juvenile pityriasis rubra pilaris. Arch Dermatol 117:749–750

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldsmith LA, Weinrich AE, Shupack J (1982) Pityriasis rubra pilaris response to 13-cis-retinoic acid. J Am Acad Dermatol 6:1710–1715

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grimnalt R, Gelmetti C, Brusasco A et al. (1994) Pityriasis rotunda: report of a familial ocurrence and review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol 31:866–871

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin AG, Weaver CC, Cockerell CJ et al. (1992) Pityriasis rubra pilaris in the setting of HIV infection: clinical behaviour and association with explosive cystic acne. Br J Dermatol 126:617–620

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer P, Voorst PC van (1989) Lack of effect of cyclosporine in pityriasis rubra pilaris. Acta Derm Venereol 69:272

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pavlidakey GP, Hashimoto K, Savoy LB et al. (1985) Stanazo-lol in the treatment of pityriasis rubra pilaris. Arch Dermatol 121:546–548

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Piamphongsant T, Akaraphant R (1994) Pityriasis rubra pilaris: a new proposed classification. Clin Exp Dermatol 19:134–138

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soeprono FF (1986) Histologic criteria for the diagnosis of pityriasis rubra pilaris. Am J Dermatopathol 8:277–283

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vanderhooft SL, Francis JS, Holbrook KA et al. (1995) Familial pityriasis rubra pilaris. Arch Dermatol 131:448–453

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Parapsoriasis

  • Altmann J (1984) Parapsoriasis: a histopathological review and classification. Semin Dermatol 3:14–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Brocq L (1902) Les parapsoriasis. Ann Dermatol 3:433–468

    Google Scholar 

  • Burg G, Dummer R (1995) Small plaque (digitate) parapsoriasis is an abortive cutaneous T cell lymphoma and is not mycosis fungoides. Arch Dermatol 131:336–338

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burg G, Hoffmann-Fezer G, Nikolowski J et al. (1981) Lym-phomatoid papulosis. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 61:491–496

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cliff S, Cook MG, Ostlere LS et al. (1996) Segmental pityriasis lichenoides chronica. Clin Exp Dermatol 21:464–465

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • English JC, Collins M, Bryant-Bruce C (1995) Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta and group-A beta hemolytic streptococcal infection. Int J Dermatol 34:642–644

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fink-Puches R, Soyer HP, Kerl H (1994) Febrile ulcerone-crotic pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta. J Am Acad Dermatol 30:261–263

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gelmetti C, Rigoni C, Alessi et al. (1990) Pityriasis lichenoides in children: a long term follow-up eighty-nine cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 23:473–478

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Habermann R (1925) Über die akut verlaufende, nekroti-siernde Unterart der Pityriasis lichenoides (pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta). Dermatol Z 45:42–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hood AF, Mark EJ (1982) Histopathologic diagnosis of PLEVA and its clinical correlation. Arch Dermatol 118: 478–482

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hu CH, Winkelmann RK (1973) Digitate dermatosis. A new look at symmetrical small plaque parapsoriasis. Arch Dermatol 107:65–69

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobi E (1906) Fall zur Diagnose. (Poikiloderma vascularis atrophicans). Verh Deut Dermatol Ges, 9th Congress, pp 321–323

    Google Scholar 

  • Jadassohn J (1894) Über ein eigenartiges psoriasiformes und lichenoides Exanthem. In: Verhandlung Deut Dermatol Ges, 4th Congress Breslau, p 524

    Google Scholar 

  • Juliusberg F (1899) Über die Pityriasis lichenoides chronica (psoriasiform-lichenoides Exanthem). Arch Dermatol Syph 50:359–374

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kikuchi A, Naka W, Harada T et al. (1993) Parapsoriasis en plaques: its potential for progression to malignant lymphoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 29:419–422

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert WB, Everett MA (1981) The nosology of parapsoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 5:373–395

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Le Vine MJ (1983) Phototherapy for pityriasis lichenoides. Arch Dermatol 119:378–380

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Longley J, Demar L, Feinstein RP et al. (1987) Clinical and histological features of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta in children. Arch Dermatol 123:1335–1339

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maekawa Y, Nakamura T, Nogami R (1994) Febrile ulcero-necrotic Mucha-Habermann’s disease. J Dermatol 21: 46–49

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mucha V (1916) Über einen der Parakeratosis variegate (Unna) bzw. Pityriasis lichenoides chronica (Neisser-Juliusberg) nahestehenden eigentümlichen Fall. Arch Dermatol Syphilol 123:586–592

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muhlbauer JE, Bhan AK (1984) Immunopathology of PLEVA. J Am Acad Dermatol 10:783–795

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Panizzon RG, Speich R, Dazzi H (1992) Atypical manifestations of pityriasis lichenoides chronica: development into paraneoplasia and non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the skin. Dermatology 184:65–69

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radcliffe-Crocker H (1905) Xanthoerythroderma perstans. Br J Dermatol 17:119–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers M (1992) Pityriasis lichenoides and lymphomatoid papulosis. Semin Dermatol 11:73–79

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rongioletti F, Rivara G, Rebora A (1987) Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta and acquired toxoplasmosis. Dermatologica 175:41–44

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ross S, Sanchez JL (1990) Parapsoriasis. A century later. Int J Dermatol 29:329–330

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suarez J, Lopez B, Vilalba R et al. (1996) Febrile ulcerone-crotic Mucha-Habermann disease: a case report and review of the literature. Dermatology 192:277–279

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi K, Atsumi M (1993) Pityriasis lichenoides chronica resolving after tonsillectomy. Br J Dermatol 129: 353–354

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Truhan AP, Hebert AA, Esterly NB (1986) Pityriasis lichenoides in children: therapeutic response to erythromycin. J Am Acad Dermatol 15:66–70

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Unna PG, Santi DR, Pollitzer S (1890) Über die Parakeratosen im Allgemeinen und eine neue Form derselben (Parakeratosis variegata). Monatsch Prakt Dermatol 10:404–412, 444–459

    Google Scholar 

  • Vella Briffa D, Warin AP, Calnon CD (1979) Parakeratosis variegata: a report of two cases and their treatment with PUVA. Clin Exp Dermatol 4:537–541

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Papuloerythroderma

  • Depaire F, Dereure O, Guilhou J (1996) Ofuji’s papuloerythroderma: report of a new case responding to PUVA. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 76:93–94

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dwyer CM, Chapman RS, Smith GD (1994) Papuloerythroderma and cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Dermatology 188:326–328

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Patos V, Repiso T, Rodriguez-Cano L et al. (1996) Ofuji papuloerythroderma in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Dermatology 192:164–166

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harris DW, Spencer MJ, Tidman MJ (1990) Papuloerythroderma — clinical and ultrastructural features. Clin Exp Dermatol 15:105–106

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ofuji S, Furukawa F, Miyachi Y et al. (1984) Dermatologica 169:125–130

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tay YK, Tan KC, Wong WK et al. (1994) Papuloerythroderma of Ofuji: a report of three cases and review of the literature. Br J Dermatol 130:773–776

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Erythroderma

  • Abel EA, Lindae ML, Hoppe TR et al. (1988) Benign and malignant forms of cutaneous erythroderma: cutaneous immunophenotypic characteristics. J Am Acad Dermatol 19:1089–1095

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyd AS, Menter A (1989) Erythrodermic psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 21:985–991

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hasan T, Jansen CT (1983) Erythroderma. A follow-up of fifty cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 8:836–840

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krook G (1960) Hypothermia in patients with exfoliative dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol 40:142–160

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Montgomery H (1933) Exfoliative dermatosis and malignant erythroderma: the value and limitations of histopathologic studies. Arch Dermat Syphil 27:253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nicolis GD, Hewig EB (1973) Exfoliative dermatitis. A clini-copathologic study of 135 cases. Arch Dermatol 108: 788–797

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pal S, Haroon TS (1998) Erythroderma: a clinico-etiologic study of 90 cases. Int J Dermatol 37:104–107

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rubins AY, Hartmane IV, Lielbriedis YM et al. (1992) Therapeutic options for erythroderma. Cutis 49:424–426

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sentis HJ, Willemze R, Scheffer E (1986) Histopathologic studies of Sézary syndrome and erythrodermic mycosis fungoides: a comparison with benign forms of erythroderma. J Am Acad Dermatol 15:1217–1226

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shuster S, Wilkinson P (1963) Protein metabolism in exfoliative dermatitis and erythroderma. Br J Dermatol 75: 344–353

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sigurdsson V, Toonstra J, Vloten WA van (1997) Idiopathic erythroderma: a follow-up study of 28 patients. Dermatology 194: 198–101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thestrup-Pedersen K, Halkier-S0rensen L, S0gaard H et al. (1988) The red man syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 18:1307–1312

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh NM, Prokopetz R, Tron VA et al. (1994) Histopatholo-gy in erythroderma: review of a series of cases by multiple observers. J Cutan Pathol 21:419–423

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winkelmann RK, Buechner SA, Diaz-Perez JL (1984) Pre-Sézary syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 10:992–999

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Worm AM, Taaning E, Rossing N (1981) Distribution and degradation of albumin in extensive skin disease. Br J Dermatol 104:389–396

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lichen Planus

  • Acactingi S, Chosidow O (1998) Cutaneous graft-versus-host disease. Arch Dermatol 134:602–612

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Annessi G, Signoretti S, Angelo C et al. (1997) Neutrophilic figurate erythema of infancy. Am J Dermatopathol 19: 403–406

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bellman B, Reddy RK, Falanga V (1995) Lichen planus associated with hepatitis C. Lancet 346:1234

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Black MM (1977) What is going on in lichen planus. Clin Exp Dermatol 2:303–310

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Camisa C, Hamaty FG, Gay JD (1998) Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue arising in lichen planus: a case report and review of the literature. Cutis 62:175–178

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cram DL, Kierland RR, Winkelmann RK (1966) Ulcerative lichen planus of the feet. Arch Dermatol 93:692–701

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cribier B, Frances C, Chosidow O (1998) Treatment of lichen planus. An evidence-based medicine analysis of efficacy. Arch Dermatol 134:1521–1530

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crotty CP, Su WPD, Winkelmann RK (1980) Ulcerative lichen planus. Follow-up of surgical excision and grafting. Arch Dermatol 116:1252–1256

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellgehausen P, Eisner P, Burg G (1998) Drug-induced lichen planus. Clin Dermatol 16: 325–332

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fellner MJ (1980) Lichen planus. Int J Dermatol 19:71–75

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hintner H, Tappeiner G, Hönigsmann H et al. (1979) Lichen planus and bullous pemphigoid. Acta Dermato Venereol (Stockh) 59 [Suppl 85]: 71–76

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katzenellenbogen I (1962) Lichen planus actinicus (lichen planus in subtropical countries). Dermatologica 124:10–20

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kronenberg K, Fretzing D, Potter B (1971) Malignant degeneration of lichen planus. Arch Dermatol 104:304–307

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oliver GF, Winkelmann RK (1993) Treatment of lichen planus. Drugs 45:56–65

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plotnick H, Burnham TK (1986) Lichen planus and coexisting lupus erythematosus versus lichen planus-like lupus erythematosus. Clinical, histologic, and immunopatho-logic considerations. J Am Acad Dermatol 14:931–938

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Powell FC, Rogers RS, Dickson ER et al. (1986) An association between HLA DR1 and lichen planus. Int J Dermatol 114:473–478

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ragaz A, Ackerman B (1981) Evolution, maturation and regression of lesions of lichen planus. New observations and correlation of clinical and histologic findings. Am J Dermatopathol 3:5–25

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sehgal VN, Abraham GIS, Malik GB (1972) Griseofulvin therapy in lichen planus: a double-blind controlled trial. Brit J Dermatol 87:383–385

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shklar P (1968) Erosive and bullous oral lesions of lichen planus. Arch Dermatol 97:411–416

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tosti A, Peluso AM, Fanti PA et al. (1993) Nail lichen planus: clinical and pathologic study of twenty-four patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 28:724–730

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson E (1869) On leichen planus. J Cutan Med Dis Skin 3:117–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Woo TY (1985) Systemic isotretinoin treatment of oral and cutaneous lichen planus. Cutis 35:385–393

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lichen Nitidus

  • Chen W, Schramm M, Zouboulis CC (1997) Generalized lichen nitidus. J Am Acad Dermatol 36:630–631

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mihara M, Nakayama H, Shimao S (1991) Lichen nitidus: a histologic and electron microscopic study. J Dermatol 18:475–480

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pinkus F (1907) Über eine neue knochenformige Hauteruption: Lichen nitidus. Arch Dermatol Syph 85:11–36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smoller BR, Flynn TC (1992) Immunohistochemical examination of liehen nitidus suggests that it is not a localized papular variant of lichen planus. J Am Acad Dermatol 27:232–236

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Actinic Lichen Nitidus

  • Bedi TR (1978) Summertime actinic lichenoid eruption. Dermatológica 157:115–125

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hussain K (1998) Summertime actinic lichenoid eruption, a distinct entity, should be termed actinic lichen nitidus. Arch Dermatol 134:1302–1303

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Graft Versus Host Disease

  • Aractingi S, Chosidow O (1998) Cutaneous graft-versus-host disease. Arch Dermatol 134:602–612

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson K, Horowitz MM, Biggs JC (1988) The clinical diagnosis of acute graft-versus-host disease: a diversity of views amongst marrow transplant centers. Bone Marrow Transplant 3:5–10

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chosidow O, Bagot M, Vernant JP et al. (1992) Sclerodermatous chronic graft-versus-host disease. Analysis of seven cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 26:49–55

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Darmstadt GL, Donnenberg AD, Vogelsang GB (1992) Clinical, laboratory, and histopathologic indications of the development of progressive acute graft-versus-host disease. J Invest Dermatol 99:397–402

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrara JL, Deeg HJ (1991) Graft-versus-host disease. N Engl J Med 324:667–664

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gale RP, Horowitz MM, Butturini A et al. (1992) What determines who develops graft-versus-host disease: the graft or the host (or both)? Bone Marrow Transplant 10:99–102

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greinix HAT, Volc-Platzer B, Rabitsch W et al. (1998) Successful use of extracorporeal photochemotherapy in the treatment of severe acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease. Blood 92:3098–3104

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelemen E, Szebeni J, Petranyi GG (1993) Graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow transplantation: experimental, laboratory, and clinical contributions of the last few years. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 102:309–320

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loughran TP Jr, Sullivan K, Morton T et al. (1990) Value of day 100 screening studies for predicting the development of chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Blood 76:228–234

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rowe JM, Ciobanu N, Ascensao J et al. (1994) Recommended guidelines for the management of autologous and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. A report from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG). Ann Intern Med 120:143–158

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saurat JH (1981) Cutaneous manifestations of graft-versus-host disease. Int J Dermatol 20:249–256

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saurat JH, Gluckman E, Bussel A et al. (1975) The lichen planus-like eruption after bone marrow transplantation. Br J Dermatol 93:675–681

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schiller G, Gale RP (1993) Is there an effective therapy for chronic graft-versus-host disease? Bone Marrow Transplant 11:189–192

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siadak MF, Kopecky K, Sullivan KM (1994) Reduction in transplant-related complications in patients given intravenous immuno globulin after allogeneic marrow transplantation. Clin Exp Immunol 97 [Suppl 1]: 53–57

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka K, Sullivan KM, Shulman HM (1991) A clinical review: cutaneous manifestations of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease following bone marrow transplantation. J Dermatol 18:11–17

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volc-Platzer B, Hönigsmann H, Hinterberger W (1990) Photochemotherapy improves chronic cutaneous graft-versus-host disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 23:220–228

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Frictional Lichenoid Dermatitis

  • Asthon RE, Russel-Jones R, Griffiths WAD (1985) Juvenile plantar dermatosis. Arch Dermatol 121:253–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones SK, English JSC, Forsyth A (1987) Juvenile plantar dermatosis — an 8-year follow-up of 102 patients. Clin Exp Dermatol 1:5–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKie RM (1982) Juvenile plantar dermatosis. Semin Dermatol 1:67–71

    Google Scholar 

  • McKie RM, Husain SL (1976) Juvenile plantar dermatosis. A new entity? Clin Exp Dermatol 1:253–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moller H (1972) Atopic winter feet in children. Acta Dermato Venereol (Stockh) 52:401–405

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sutton RL, Jr (1956) Diseases of the skin, 11th edn. Mosby, St. Louis, p 898

    Google Scholar 

  • Waisman M, Sutton RL (1966) Frictional lichenoid eruption in children. Arch Dermatol 94:592–593

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Gianotti-Crosti Syndrome

  • Baldari U, Monti A, Righini MG (1994) An epidemic of infantile papular acrodermatitis (Gianotti-Crosti syndrome) due to Epstein-Barr virus. Dermatology 188: 203–204

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braun-Falco O, Rupee M (1964) Über das Gianotti-Crosti-Syndrom (Acrodermatitis papulosa eruptiva infantilis). Med Klin 52:210–214

    Google Scholar 

  • Caputo R, Gelmetti C, Ermacora E (1992) Gianotti-Crosti syndrome: a retrospective analysis of 308 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 26:207–210

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carrascosa JM, Just M, Ribera M (1998) Papular acrodermatitis of childhood related to poxvirus and parvovirus B19 infection. Cutis 61:265–267

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crosti A, Gianotti F (1956) Dermatosi infantile eruttiva acroesposta di probabile orgine virosica. Minerva Dermatol 31 (Suppl 12): 483

    Google Scholar 

  • Crosti A, Gianotti F (1964) Ulteriore contributo alla conos-cenza delPacrodermatite papulosa infantile. G Ital Derm 105:477

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gianotti F (1955) Rilievi di una particolare casisistica tos-sinfettiva caratterizzata da eruzione eritemato-infiltra-tiva desquamativa a focolai lenticolari, a sede elettiva acroesposta. G Ital Derm Sif 96:678–697

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gianotti F (1973) Papular acrodermatitis of childhood. Arch Dis Child 43:794–799

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gianotti F (1979) Papular acrodermatitis of childhood and other papulovesicular acro-located syndromes. Br J Dermatol 100: 49–59

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • James WD, Odom RB, Hatch MH (1982) Gianotti-Crosti-like eruption associated with Coxsackie A-16 infection. J Am Acad Dermatol 6:862–866

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lowe L, Hebert AA, Duvic M (1989) Gianotti-Crosti syndrome associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. J Am Acad Dermatol 20:336–338

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramelet A-A (1984) Mononucléose infectieuse avec manifestations cutanées à type d’acrosyndrome de Gianotti-Crosti. Dermatologica 168:19–24

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sagi EF, Linden N, Shonval D (1985) Papular acrodermatitis of childhood associated with hepatitis A virus infection. Pediatr Dermatol 3:31–33

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spear KL, Winkelmann RK (1984) Gianotti-Crosti syndrome. Arch Dermatol 120:891–896

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taieb A, Plantin P, du Pasquier P et al. (1986) Gianotti-Crosti syndrome: a study of 26 cases. Br J Dermatol 115:49–59

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lichen Simplex Chronicus

  • Berlin C (1939) Lichenification gigantea (Lichenification géante of Brocq and Pautrier). Arch Dermatol 39:1012–1020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brocq, Pautrier (1910) Über einige abnormale Formen von Lichenifikation. Arch Dermatol Syph 99:421

    Google Scholar 

  • Kantor GR, Resnik KS (1996) Treatment of lichen simplex chronicus with topical capsaicin cream. Acta Derm Venereol 76:161

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kinsella LJ, Carney-Godley K, Feldmann E (1992) Lichen simplex chronicus as the initial manifestation of intramedullary neoplasm and syringomyelia. Neurosurgery 30:418–421

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson IM, Jordan JM, Withlock FA (1975) Emotions and skin (III) — the conditioning of scratch responses in cases of lichen simplex. Br J Dermatol 92:407–412

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh G (1973) Atopy in lichen simplex (neurodermatitis circumscripta). Br J Dermatol 88:625–627

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vidal E (1886) Du lichen (lichen, prurigo, strophulus) Ann Derm Syph 7:133–154

    Google Scholar 

Lichen Striatus

  • Gianotti R, Restano L, Grimait R (1995) Lichen striatus — a chameleon: an histopathological and immunohistologi-cal study of forty-one cases. J Cutan Pathol 22:18–22

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grosshans E, Margot L (1990) Blaschkite de Fadulte. Ann Dermatol Venereol 117:9–15

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herd RM, McLaren KM, Aldrige RD (1993) Linear lichen planus and lichen striatus — opposite ends of a spectrum. Clin Exp Dermatol 19:335–337

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karp DL, Cohen BA (1993) Onychodystrophy in lichen striatus. Pediatr Dermatol 10:359–361

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman J (1974) Lichen striatus with nail involvement. Cutis 14:232–234

    Google Scholar 

  • Taieb A, El-Youbi A, Grosshans E et al. (1991) Lichen striatus: a Blaschko linear acquired inflammatory skin eruption. J Am Acad Dermatol 25:637–642

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toda K, Okamoto H, Horio T (1986) Lichen striatus. Int J Dermatol 25:584–585

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tosti A, Peluso AM, Misciali C (1997) Nail lichen striatus: clinical features and long-term follow-up of five patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 36:908–913

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Braun-Falco, O., Plewig, G., Wolff, H.H., Burgdorf, W.H.C. (2000). Erythemato-Papulo-Squamous Diseases. In: Dermatology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97931-6_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97931-6_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-97933-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-97931-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics