Abstract
Antibodies have not been identified in invertebrates. It appears that rearranging immunoglobulin (Ig) genes and clonal selection arose in vertebrates after their evolutionary divergence from the invertebrates (Marchalonis and Schluter 1990). However, insects have been shown to mount a humoral response to bacterial infections, which includes the synthesis and secretion of a battery of antibacterial proteins (Dunn 1990; Hultmark 1993). It has recently been recognized through analysis of amino acid sequences deduced from cloned cDNAs that one of the hemolymph proteins induced by bacteria in the lepidopteran insects Hyalophora cecropia and Manduca sexta is a member of the Ig superfamily (Sun et al. 1990; Ladendorff and Kanost 1991). This protein, which has been named hemolin (previously known as P4), has no direct antibacterial activity but may function in recognition of bacteria and/or in modulation of the adhesive properties of hemocytes. Hemolin is composed of four Ig domains (see Sect. 4) which have more similarity in amino acid sequence to Ig domains from cell adhesion molecules than to those from antibodies. We will review the short history of research on hemolin and pose some hypotheses regarding the functions of hemolin in insect immunity.
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© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Kanost, M.R., Zhao, L. (1996). Insect Hemolymph Proteins from the Ig Superfamily. In: Cooper, E.L. (eds) Invertebrate Immune Responses. Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology, vol 23. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79693-7_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79693-7_7
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