Abstract
Antinuclear antibody (ANA) is a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), being almost invariably detected in the sera of active untreated SLE patients. The recent history of research in the serology of SLE is marked by the resolution of the heterogeneous group of antigen-antibody reactions characteristic of these patients into individual antigen-antibody systems. This has involved purification and biochemical characterization of the reactive antigens of several of the frequently occuring nuclear targets of autoimmune attack in these patients. The detection and analysis of unfractionated ANA as well as antibodies to the two forms of DNA [native or double-stranded (ds) and denatured or single-stranded (ss)] will not be discussed in this chapter as they have been adequately described in other publications [1, 2].
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Reichlin M (1985) Antinuclear antibodies. In: Kelley (ed) Textbook of rheumatology. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 690–706
Reichlin M (1981) Current perspectives on serological reactions in SLE patients. Clin Exp Immunol 44: 1–10
Tan EM, Kunkel HG (1966) Characteristics of a soluble nuclear antigen precipitating with the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Immunol 96: 464–471
Mattioli M, Reichlin M (1971) Characterization of a soluble nuclear ribonucleoprotein antigen reactive with LE sera. J Immunol 197: 1281–1290
Sharp GC, Irvin WS, Laroque O, Velez C, Daly V, Kaiser AD, Holman HR (1971) Association of autoantibodies to different nuclear antigens with clinical patterns of rheumatic disease and responsiveness to therapy. J Clin Invest 50: 350–359
Sharp GC, Irvin WS, Tan EM, Gould RG, Holman HR (1972) Mixed connective tissue disease — an apparently distinct rheumatic disease syndrome associated with a specific antibody to an extractable nuclear antigen ( ENA ). Am J Med 52: 148–159
Reichlin M, Mattioli M (1974) Antigens and antibodies characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus. Bull Rheum Dis 24: 756–760
Mattioli M, Reichlin M (1973) Physical association of two nuclear antigens and mutual occurrence of their antibodies: the relationship of the Sm and RNA protein ( Mo) systems in SLE sera. J Immunol 110: 1318–1324
Takano M, Agris PF, Sharp GC (1980) Purification and biochemical characterization of nuclear ribonucleoprotein antigen using purified antibody from serum of a patient with mixed connective tissue disease. J Clin Invest 65: 1449–1456
Takano M, Golden SS, Sharp GC, Agris PF (1981) Molecular relationship between two nuclear antigens, ribonucleoprotein and Sm: purification of active antigens and their biochemical characterization. Biochemistry 21: 5929–5935
Douvas AS (1982) Autoantibodies occurring in two different rheumatic diseases react with the same ribonucleoprotein particle. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 5401–5405
Lerner MR, Steitz JA (1979) Antibodies to small nuclear RNAs complexed with proteins are produced by patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 5495–5499
Lerner EA, Lerner MR, Janeway Jr CA, Steitz JA (1981) Monoclonal antibodies to nucleic acid-containing cellular constituents: probes for molecular biology and autoimmune disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 2737–2741
Notman DD, Kurata N, Tan EM (1975) Profiles of antinuclear antibodies in systemic diseases. Ann Intern Med 83: 464–469
Munves EF, Schur PH (1983) Antibodies to Sm and nRNP: prognosticators of disease involvement. Arthritis Rheum 26: 848–853
Cohen AS, Reynolds WE, Franklin EC, Kulka PJ, Ropes MW, Shulman LE, Wallace SE (1971) Preliminary criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Bull Rheum Dis 21: 643–648
Powers R, Akizuki M, Boehm-Truitt MJ, Daly V, Holman HR (1977) Substantial purification of the Sm antigen and association of high titer antibody to Sm with a clinical subset of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 20: 131 (abstract)
Winn DM, Wolfe JR, Lindberg DA, Fristoe FA, Kingsland L, Sharp GC (1979) Identification of a clinical subset of systemic lupus erythematosus by antibodies to the Sm antigen. Arthritis Rheum 22: 1334–1337
Winfield JB, Brunner CM, Koffler D (1978) Serologic studies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and central nervous system dysfunction. Arthritis Rheum. 21: 289–294
Barada FA Jr, Andrews BS, Davis JS, Taylor RP (1981) Antibodies to Sm in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 24: 1236–1244
Reichlin M, Mattioli M (1972) Correlations of a precipitin reaction to an RNA protein antigen and a low prevalence of nephritis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med 286: 908–911
Parker MD (1972) Ribonucleoprotein antibodies: frequency and clinical significance in systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and mixed connective tissue disease. J Lab Clin Med 82: 769–775
Maddison PG, Mogavero H, Reichlin M (1978) Patterns of clinical disease associated with antibodies to nuclear ribonucleoprotein. J Rheumatol 5: 407–411
Fuller TJ, Richman AV, Auerbach D, Alexander RW, Lottenberg R, Longley S (1977) Immune complex glomerulonephritis in a patient with mixed connective tissue disease. Am J Med 62: 761–764
Bennett RM, Spargo BH (1977) Immune complex nephropathy in mixed connective disease. Am J Med 63: 534–541
Maddison PG, Reichlin M (1979) Deposition of antibodies to a soluble cytoplasmic antigen in the kidneys of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 22: 858–863
Koffler D, Agnello V, Kunkel HG (1974) Polynucleotide immune complexes in serum and glomeruli of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Pathol 74: 109–124
Nimelstein SH, Brody S, McShane D, Holman HR (1980) Mixed connective tissue disease: a subsequent evaluation of the original 25 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 59: 239–248
Hardin JA, Rahn D, Shen C, Lerner MR, Wolin SL, Rosa MD, Steitz JA (1982) Antibodies from patients with connective tissue diseases bind specific subsets of cellular RNA-protein particles. J Clin Invest 70: 141–147
Solden MHL, Van Eekelan CAG, Habets WJA, Vierwinden G, Van de Putte LBA, Van Venrooy WJ (1982) Antinuclear matrix antibodies in mixed connective tissue disease. Eur J Immunol 12: 783–786
Fritzler MG, Ali R, Tan EM (1984) Antibodies from patients with mixed connective tissue disease react with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein or ribonucleic acid (hnRNP/ RNA) of the nuclear matrix. J Immunol 132: 1216–1222
Reeves WH, Fisher DE, Lahita RG, Kunkel HG (1985) Autoimmune sera reactive with Sm antigen contain high levels of RNP-like antibodies. J Clin Invest 75: 580–587
Maddison PJ, Reichlin MR (1977) Quantitation of precipitating antibodies to certain soluble nuclear antigens in SLE. Their contribution to hypergammaglobulinemia. Arthritis Rheum 20: 819–824
Gaither KK, Harley JB (1985) Affinity purification and immunoassay of anti-Ro/SSA. Protides Biol Fluids Colloq 33: 413–416
Jones BR (1958) Lacrimal and salivary precipitating antibodies in Sjögren’s syndrome. Lancet 2: 773–776
Anderson JR, Gray KG, Beck JS, Kinnear WI (1961) Precipitating autoantibodies in Sjögren’s disease. Lancet 2: 456–460
Anderson JR, Gray KG, Beck JS, Buchanan WW, McElhinney AJ (1962) Precipitating autoantibodies in the connective tissue diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 21: 360–369
Clark G, Reichlin M, Tomasi TB (1969) Characterization of a soluble cytoplasmic antigen reactive with sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Immunol 102: 117–122
Mattioli M, Reichlin M (1974) Heterogeneity of RNA protein antigens reactive with sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: description of a cytoplasmic non-ribosomal antigen. Arthritis Rheum 17: 421
Alspaugh MA, Tan EM (1975) Antibodies to cellular antigens in Sjögren’s syndrome. J Clin Invest 55: 1067–1073
Alspaugh MA, Maddison P (1979) Resolution of the identity of certain antigen-antibody systems in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren’s syndrome: an interlaboratory collaboration. Arthritis Rheum 22: 796–798
Sontheimer RD, Maddison PJ, Reichlin M, Jordan RE, Stastny P, Gilliam JN (1982) Serologic and HLA associations of a distinct clinical subset of lupus erythematosus: subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Ann Intern Med 97: 664–671
Lee LA, Bias WB, Arnett FC, Huff JC, Norris DA, Harmon C, Provost TT, Weston WL (1983) Immunogenetics of the neonatal lupus syndrome. Ann Intern Med 99: 592–596
Wasicek CA, Reichlin M (1982) Clinical and serological differences between systemic lupus erythematosus patients with antibodies to Ro versus patients with antibodies to Ro and La. J Clin Invest 69: 835–843
Maddison PJ, Reichlin M (1979) Deposition of antibodies to a soluble cytoplasmic antigen in the kidneys of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 22: 858–863
Maddison PJ, Provost TT, Reichlin M (1981) Serological findings in patients with “ANA-negative” systemic lupus erythematosus. Medicine 60: 87–94
Provost TT, Ahmed R, Maddison PJ, Reichlin M (1977) Antibodies to cytoplasmic antigens in lupus erythematosus. Serological marker for systemic disease. Arthritis Rheum 20: 1457–1463
Provost TT, Arnett FC, Reichlin M (1983) Homozygous C2 deficiency, lupus erythematosus, and anti-Ro/SSA antibodies. Arthritis Rheum 26: 1279–1282
Kephart D, Hood A, Provost TT (1981) Neonatal lupus: serologic findings. J Invest Derm 77: 331–333
Miyagawa S, Kitamura W, Yoshioka J, Sakamoto K (1981) Placental transfer of anticytoplasmic antibodies in annular erythema of newborns. Arch Dermatol 117: 569–572
Provost TT (1983) Neonatal lupus. Arch Dermatol 119: 619–622
Lumpkin LR, Hall J, Hogan JD, Tucker SB, Jordan RE (1985) Neonatal lupus erythematosus: a report of three cases associated with anti-Ro/SSA antibodies. Arch Dermatol 121: 377–381
Lee LA, Weston WL, Stevens JO, Kreuger GG, Emam M, Norris DA (1985) Differential in vivo binding of specific lupus sera in human skin. Arthritis Rheum 27: S35
Michaëlsson M, Engle MA (1972) Complete congenital heart block: an international study of the natural history. Cardiovasc Clin 4: 87–101
Scott JS, Maddison PJ, Taylor PV, Esscher E, Scott O, Skinner RP (1982) Connective-tissue disease, antibodies to ribonucleoprotein and congenital heart block. N Engl J Med 309: 209–212
Litsky SE, Noonan JA, O’Connor WN, Cottrill CM, Mitchell B (1985) Maternal connective tissue disease and congenital heart block. Demonstration of immunoglobulin in cardiac tissue. N Engl J Med 312: 98–100
Harley JB, Kaine JL, Fox OF, Reichlin M, Gruber B (1985) Ro/SSA antibody and antigen in congenital complete heart block. Arthritis Rheum 28: 1321–1325
Wolin SL, Steitz JA (1984) The Ro small cytoplasmic ribonuclear particles: structures and clues to the pathogenesis of congenital heart block. Clin Res 32: 470A
Alexander E, Arnett FC, Provost TI’, Stevens MB (1983) Sjögren’s syndrome: association of anti-Ro ( SSA) antibodies with vasculitis, hematologic abnormalities and serologic hyper-reactivity. Ann Intern Med 98: 155–159
Harley JB, Alexander E, Arnett F, Fox O, Reichlin M, Yamagata H (1984) Sjögren’s syndrome (SS): quantitative anti-Ro/SSA, -La/SSB, and -nRNP(Sm). Clin Res 32: 538A
Penner E, Reichlin M (1982) Primary biliary cirrhosis associated with Sjögren’s syndrome: evidence for circulating and tissue-deposited Ro/anti-Ro immune complexes. Arthritis Rheum 25: 1250–1253
Maddison PJ, Mogavero H, Provost TT, Reichlin M (1979) The clinical significance of autoantibodies to a soluble cytoplasmic antigen in systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases. J Rheumatol 6: 189–195
Mamula MJ, Fox OF, Harley JB (1985) Cross-reactivity of Ro/SSA and immunoglobulin G. Arthritis Rheum 28: S37
Harley JB, Rosario MO, Yamagata H, Fox OF, Koren E (1985) Immunologic and structural studies of the lupus/Sjögren’s syndrome autoantigen, La/SSB, with a monoclonal antibody. J Clin Invest 76: 801–806
Stefano JE (1984) Purified lupus antigen La recognizes an oligouridylate stretch common to the 3’ termini of RNA polymerase III transcripts. Cell 36: 145–154
Harmon CE, Deng JS, Peebles CL, Tan EM (1984) The importance of tissue substrate in the SS-A/Ro antigen-antibody system. Arthritis Rheum 27: 166–172
Wermuth DJ, Geoghegan WD, Jordan RE (1985) Anti-Ro/SSA antibodies: association with a particulate (large speckled like thread) immunofluorescent nuclear staining pattern. Arch Dematol 121: 335–338
Scopelitis E, Biundo JJ (1984) Inconsistent staining of HEp-2 cells with anti-SS-A antibody. Arthritis Rheum 27: 1318–1320
Akizuki M, Boehm-Truitt MJ, Kassan SS, et al. (1977) Purification of an acidic nuclear protein and demonstration of its antibodies in subsets of patients with sicca syndrome. J Immunol 119: 932–938
Venables PJW, Charles PW, Buchanan RRC, Yi P, Mumford PA, Schrieber L, Room GRW, Maini RN (1983) Quantitation and detection of isotypes of anti-SS-B antibodies by ELISA and Farr assays using affinity purified antigens. Arthritis Rheum 26: 146–155
Yamagata H, Harley JB, Reichlin M (1984) Molecular properties of the Ro/SSA antigen and ELISA for quantitation of antibody. J Clin Invest 74: 625–633
Maddison PJ, Skinner RP, Vlachoyiannopoulos P, Brennand DM, Hough D (1985) Antibodies to nRNP, Sm, Ro(SSA), and La(SSB) detected by ELISA: their specificity and interrelations in connective tissue disease sera. Clin Exp Immunol 62: 337–345
Harley JB, Yamagata H, Reichlin M (1984) Anti-La/SSB antibody is present in some normal sera and is coincident with anti-Ro/SSA precipitins in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 11: 309–314
Gaither KK, Fox OF, Reichlin M, Harley JB (1985) An hypothesis for differences in the occurrence of autoantibodies against extractable antigens. Arthritis Rheum 28: S68
Harley JB (1985) Autoantibodies in Sjögren’s syndrome: comparison of autoantibody determination methods shows that antinuclear antibody and rheumatoid factor are associated with Ro/SSA precipitin formation. Protides Biol Fluid Proc Colloq 33: 343–346
Lerner MR, Boyle JA, Hardin JA, Steitz JA (1981a) Two novel classes of small ribonucleoproteins detected by antibodies associated with lupus erythematosus. Science 211: 400–402
Lerner MR, Andrews NC, Miller G, Steitz JA (1981b) Two small RNAs encoded by Epstein-Barr virus and complexed with protein are precipitated by antibodies from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 805–809
Rosa MD, Gottlieb E, Lerner MR, Steitz JA (1981) Striking similarities are exhibited by two small Epstein-Barr virus-encoded ribonucleic acids and the adenovirus-associated ribonucleic acids VAI and VAIL Mol Cell Biol 1: 785–796
Hendrick JP, Wolin S, Rinke J, Lerner MR, Steitz JA (1981) Ro small cytoplasmic ribonucleoproteins are a subclass of La ribonucleoproteins: Further characterization of the Ro and La small ribonucleoproteins from uninfected mammalian cells. Mol Cell Biol 1: 1138–1149
Kato N, Hoshino H, Harada F (1982) Nucleotide sequence of 4.5S RNA (C8 or hY5) from HeLa cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 108: 363–370
Wolin SL, Steitz JA (1983) Genes for two small cytoplasmic Ro RNAs are adjacent and appear to be single copy in the human genome. Cell 32: 735–744
Wolin SL, Steitz JA (1984) The Ro small cytoplasmic ribonucleo proteins: identification of the antigenic protein and its binding on the Ro RNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 1996–2000
Rinke J, Steitz JA (1982) Precursor molecules of both human 5S ribosomal RNA and transfer RNAs are bound by a cellular protein reactive with anti-La lupus antibodies. Cell 29: 149–159
Jelinek WR, Toomey TP, Leinwand L, Duncan CH, Biro PA, Chondary PV, Weissman SM, Rubin CM, Houck CM, Deininger PL, Schmidt CW (1980) Ubiquitous, interspersed repeated sequences in mannalian genomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77: 1398–1402
Kunkel HG, Holman HR, Deicher HRG (1960) Multiple autoantibodies to cell constituents in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ciba Found Symp 8: 429–437
Stollar BD (1971) Reactions of systemic lupus erythematosus sera with histone fractions and histone-DNA complexes. Arthritis Rheum 14: 485–492
Kornberg RD, Klug A (1981) The nucleosome. Sci Am 244: 52–64
Fritzler MJ, Tan EM (1978) Antibodies to histones in drug induced and idiopathic lupus. J Clin Invest 62: 560–567
Gioud M, Ait Kaci M, Monier JC (1982) Histone antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 25: 407–413
Rubin RL, Joslin FG, Tan EM (1982) Specificity of anti-histone antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 25: 779–782
Krippner H, Springer B, Merle S, Pirlet K (1984) Antibodies to histones of the IgG and IgM class in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Immunol’58: 49–56
Hardin JA, Thomas JO (1983) Antibodies to histones in systemic. lupus erythematosus: localization of prominent autoantigens on histone H, and H2B. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 7410–7414
Craft JE, Bernstein RM, Hardin JA (1985) Autoimmunity to histones in drug induced lupus provides a model for antihistone responses to spontaneous lupus. Clin Res 33: 505A.
Gohill J, Fritzler MJ, Crane-Robinson C (1985) Histone epitopes binding antibodies from drug induced and idiopathic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 28: 1175
Bernstein RM, Hobbs RN, Lea DJ, Ward DJ, Hughes GRV (1985) Patterns of antihistone antibody specificity in rheumatic disease. Arthritis Rheum 28: 285–293
Johansson EA, Lassus A (1974) The occurrence of circulating anticoagulants in patients with syphilitic and biologically false positive antilipoidal antibodies. Ann Clin Res 6: 105–108
Labro MT, Andrieu M, Weber M, Homberg JC (1978) A new pattern of non-organ and non-species-specific anti-organelle antibody detected by immunofluorescence: the mitochondrial antibody number 5, Clin Exp Immunol 31: 357–366
Bowie EJW, Thompson JH Jr, Pascuzzi CA, Owen CA Jr (1963) Thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus despite circulating anti-coagulants. J Lab Clin Med 62: 412–430
Mueh JR, Herbst KD, Rapapurt SI (1980) Thrombosis in patients with the lupus anticoagulant. Ann Intern Med 92: 156–159
Firkin BG, Howard MA, Radford N (1980) Possible relationship between lupus inhibitor and recurrent abortion in young women. Lancet 2: 366
Boey ML, Colaco CB, Gharavi AE, Elkon KB, Loizou S, Hughes GRV (1983) Thrombosis in SLE: Striking association with the presence of circulating “lupus anticoagulant”. Br Med J 287: 1021–1023
Palmer SJ, Butler WS, Laggins GC (1983) Fetal survival after prednisolone suppression of maternal lupus anticoagulant. Lancet 1: 1361–1363
Asherson RA, Mackworth-Young CG, Boey ML, Hull RG, Saunders A, Gharavi AE, Hughes GRV (1983) Pulmonary hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus. Br Med J 287: 1024–1025
Harris EN, Gharavi AE, Boey ML, Pattel BM, Mackworth-Young CG, Loizou S, Hughes GRV (1983) Mantibodies: detection by radioimmunoassay and association with thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lancet 2: 1211–1214
Harris EN, Asherson RA, Gharavi AE, Morgan SH, Derue G, Hughes GRV (1985) Thrombocytopenia in SLE and related autoimmune disorders: association with anti-cardiolipin antibodies. Br J Haematol 59: 227–230
Lockshin M, Goei S, Qamar T, Jovanovic L, Druzin M, Magid M (1985) Anti-cardiolipin antibody, placental insufficiency and fetal death in SLE pregnancies. Arthritis Rheum 28: S39
Harris EN, Chan JKH, Asherson RA, Gharavi AE, Hughes GRV (1985) IgG anticardiolipin antibody: possible predictor for thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, and recurrent abortion (abstract). Arthritis Rheum 48: S39
Lockshin MD, Druzin M, Qamar T, Magid MS, Jovanovic L, Ferenc M (1985) Antibody to cardiolipin as a predictor of fetal distress in death in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engi J Med 313: 152–156
Harris EN, Gharavi AE, Hegde U, Derue G, Morgan SH, Englert H, Chan JKH, Asherson RA, Hughes GRV (1985) Anticardiolipin antibodies in autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. Br J Haematol 59: 231–234
Carreras LO, Vermylen JG (1982) “Lupus” anticoagulant and thrombosis — possible role of inhibition of prostacyclin formation. Thromb Haemostas (Stuttgart) 48:28–40
Sanfelippo MJ, Drayna CJ (1982) Prekallikrein inhibition associated with the lupus anticoagulant. Am J Clin Pathol 77: 275–279
Asherson RA, Chan JKH, Harris EN, Gharavi AE, Hughes GRV (1985) Anticardiolipin antibodies: recurrent thrombosis after cessation of anticoagulant therapy. Ann Rheum Dis 44: 823–825
Venables PJW, Smith PR, Maini RN (1983) Purification and characterization of the Sjögren’s syndrome A and B antigens. Clin Exp Immunol 54: 731–738
Chambers JC, Keene JD. Isolation and analysis of cDNA clones expressing human lupus La antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 2115–2119
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Reichlin, M., Harley, J.B. (1987). ANA Subsets in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. In: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71642-3_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71642-3_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-71644-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-71642-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive