Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Benign Melanocytic Tumors of the Uvea

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Clinical Ophthalmic Oncology

  • 829 Accesses

Abstract

Benign melanocytic uveal tumors are generally known as nevi (also spelled as “naevi”). Nevus is a Latin word meaning birthmark or mole and is a general term for a congenital mark on the skin. In ophthalmology, the term nevus refers to an abnormal, hamartomatous cluster of melanocytes. Uveal melanocytes are derived from neural crest and share this embryologic origin with cutaneous melanocytes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Johnston MC. A radioautographic study of the migration and fate of cranial neural crest cells in the chick embryo. Anat Rec. 1966;156(2):143–55.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Harbour JW, Brantley Jr MA, Hollingsworth H, Gordon M. Association between posterior uveal melanoma and iris freckles, iris naevi, and choroidal naevi. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004;88(1):36–8.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Rodriguez-Sains RS. Ocular findings in patients with dysplastic nevus syndrome. An update. Dermatol Clin. 1991;9(4):723–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Toth-Molnar E, Olah J, Dobozy A, Hammer H. Ocular pigmented findings in patients with dysplastic naevus syndrome. Melanoma Res. 2004;14(1):43–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Bataille V, Sasieni P, Cuzick J, et al. Risk of ocular melanoma in relation to cutaneous and iris naevi. Int J Cancer. 1995;60(5):622–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Jakobiec FA, Silbert G. Are most iris ‘melanomas’ really nevi? A clinicopathologic study of 189 lesions. Arch Ophthalmol. 1981;99(12):2117–32.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Jakobiec FA, Moorman LT, Jones IS. Benign epithelioid cell nevi of the iris. Arch Ophthalmol. 1979;97(5):917–21.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Shields JA, Karan DS, Perry HD, Donoso LA. Epithelioid cell nevus of the iris. Arch Ophthalmol. 1985;103(2):235–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Margo CE, Groden L. Balloon cell nevus of the iris. Am J Ophthalmol. 1986;102(2):282–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Ticho BH, Tso MO, Kishi S. Diffuse iris nevus in oculodermal melanocytosis: a light and electron microscopic study. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1989;26(5):244–50.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Cogan DG, Reese AB. A syndrome of iris nodules, ectopic Descemet’s membrane, and unilateral glaucoma. Doc Ophthalmol. 1969;26:424–33.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Eagle Jr RC, Font RL, Yanoff M, Fine BS. Proliferative endotheliopathy with iris abnormalities. The iridocorneal endothelial syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol. 1979;97(11):2104–11.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Ragge NK, Acheson J, Murphree AL. Iris mammillations: significance and associations. Eye. 1996;10(Pt 1):86–91.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Gunduz K, Shields CL, Shields JA, et al. Iris mammillations as the only sign of ocular melanocytosis in a child with choroidal melanoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118(5):716–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Ragge NK, Falk RE, Cohen WE, Murphree AL. Images of Lisch nodules across the spectrum. Eye. 1993;7(Pt 1):95–101.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Carlson DW, Alward WL, Folberg R. Aggressive nevus of the iris with secondary glaucoma in a child. Am J Ophthalmol. 1995;119(3):367–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Paridaens D, Lyons CJ, McCartney A, Hungerford JL. Familial aggressive nevi of the iris in childhood. Arch Ophthalmol. 1991;109(11):1552–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Conway RM, Chew T, Golchet P, et al. Ultrasound biomicroscopy: role in diagnosis and management in 130 consecutive patients evaluated for anterior segment tumours. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005;89:950–5.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Radhakrishnan S, Rollins AM, Roth JE, et al. Real-time optical coherence tomography of the anterior segment at 1310 nm. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001;119(8):1179–85.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Bianciotto C, Shields CL, Guzman JM, et al. Assessment of anterior segment tumors with ultrasound biomicroscopy versus anterior segment optical coherence tomography in 200 cases. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(7):1297–302.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Harbour JW, Augsburger JJ, Eagle Jr RC. Initial management and follow-up of melanocytic iris tumors. Ophthalmology. 1995;102(12):1987–93.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Shields CL, Shields JA, Materin M, et al. Iris melanoma: risk factors for metastasis in 169 consecutive patients. Ophthalmology. 2001;108(1):172–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Territo C, Shields CL, Shields JA, et al. Natural course of melanocytic tumors of the iris. Ophthalmology. 1988;95(9):1251–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Zimmerman LE. Melanocytes, melanocytic nevi, and melanocytomas. Invest Ophthalmol. 1965;34:11–41.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Group COMS. COMS manual of procedures: accession no. PBS 179693. Springfield: National Technical Information Service; 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Anonymous. Factors predictive of growth and treatment of small choroidal melanoma: COMS Report No. 5. The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997;115(12):1537–44.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Singh AD, Kalyani P, Topham A. Estimating the risk of malignant transformation of a choroidal nevus. Ophthalmology. 2005;112(10):1784–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Yoshikawa H. The incidence of choroidal nevus in Japan. New Orleans: American Academy of Ophthalmology; 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Jonas JB, You QS, Xu L, Wang YX. Choroidal nevi in adult Chinese. Ophthalmology. 2008;115(6):1102–e1.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Nangia V, Jonas JB, Agarwal S, et al. Choroidal nevi in adult Indians: the Central India Eye and Medical Study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012;96(11):1443–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Naumann G, Yanoff M, Zimmerman LE. Histogenesis of malignant melanomas of the uvea. I. Histopathologic characteristics of nevi of the choroid and ciliary body. Arch Ophthalmol. 1966;76(6):784–96.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. McLean IW, Foster WD, Zimmerman LE, Gamel JW. Modifications of Callender’s classification of uveal melanoma at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Am J Ophthalmol. 1983;96(4):502–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Shields CL, Furuta M, Mashayekhi A, et al. Visual acuity in 3422 consecutive eyes with choroidal nevus. Arch Ophthal. 2007;125(11):1501–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Mashayekhi A, Siu S, Shields CL, Shields JA. Retinal pigment epithelial trough: a sign of chronicity of choroidal nevi. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2012;22(6):1019–25.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Singh AD, Mokashi AA, Bena JF, et al. Small choroidal melanocytic lesions: features predictive of growth. Ophthalmology. 2006;113(6):1032–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Fournier GA, Albert DM, Wagoner MD. Choroidal halo nevus occurring in a patient with vitiligo. Surv Ophthalmol. 1984;28(6):671–2.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Shields CL, Maktabi AM, Jahnle E, et al. Halo nevus of the choroid in 150 patients: the 2010 Henry van Dyke Lecture. Arch Ophthalmol. 2010;128(7):859–64.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Kovoor TA, Bahl D, Singh AD, Ufret-Vincenty R. Bilateral isolated choroidal melanocytosis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008;92(7):892, 1008.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Coms G. COMS manual of procedures: accession no. PBS 179693. Springfield: National Technical Information Service; 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Li HK, Shields CL, Mashayekhi A, et al. Giant choroidal nevus clinical features and natural course in 322 cases. Ophthalmology. 2010;117(2):324–33.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. You QS, Xu L, Jonas JB, et al. Change in choroidal nevi during a 5-year follow-up study: the Beijing Eye Study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2010;94(5):575–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Mashayekhi A, Siu S, Shields CL, Shields JA. Slow enlargement of choroidal nevi: a long-term follow-up study. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(2):382–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Yanoff M, Zimmerman LE. Histogenesis of malignant melanomas of the uvea. 3. The relationship of congenital ocular melanocytosis and neurofibromatosis in uveal melanomas. Arch Ophthalmol. 1967;77(3):331–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Sahel JA, Pesavento R, Frederick Jr AR, Albert DM. Melanoma arising de novo over a 16-month period. Arch Ophthalmol. 1988;106(3):381–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Singh AD, Schachat AP, Diener-West M, Reynolds SM. Small choroidal melanoma. Ophthalmology. 2008;115(12):2319–e3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Augsburger JJ, Schroeder RP, Territo C, et al. Clinical parameters predictive of enlargement of melanocytic choroidal lesions. Br J Ophthalmol. 1989;73(11):911–7.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Butler P, Char DH, Zarbin M, Kroll S. Natural history of indeterminate pigmented choroidal tumors. Ophthalmology. 1994;101(4):710–6; discussion 7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Shields CL, Shields JA, Kiratli H, et al. Risk factors for growth and metastasis of small choroidal melanocytic lesions. Ophthalmology. 1995;102(9):1351–61.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Zografos L, Mantel I, Schalenbourg A. Subretinal choroidal neovascularization associated with choroidal nevus. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2004;14(2):123–31.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Hemmerdinger C, Beech M, Groenewald C, Damato B. Validation of an online referral guide for melanocytic fundus lesions. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2011;31(6):574–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Shields CL, Cater J, Shields JA, et al. Combination of clinical factors predictive of growth of small choroidal melanocytic tumors. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118(3):360–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Singh AD, Bena JF, Mokashi AA, et al. Growth of small tumors. Ophthalmology. 2006;113(6):1061.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Coleman DJ, Silverman RH, Rondeau MJ, et al. Noninvasive in vivo detection of prognostic indicators for high-risk uveal melanoma: ultrasound parameter imaging. Ophthalmology. 2004;111(3):558–64.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Augsburger JJ, Correa ZM, Schneider S, et al. Diagnostic transvitreal fine-needle aspiration biopsy of small melanocytic choroidal tumors in nevus versus melanoma category. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2002;100:225–32; discussion 32–4.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Shields CL, Mashayekhi A, Materin MA, et al. Optical coherence tomography of choroidal nevus in 120 patients. Retina. 2005;25(3):243–52.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Singh AD, Belfort RN, Sayanagi K, Kaiser PK. Fourier domain optical coherence tomographic and auto-fluorescence findings in indeterminate choroidal melanocytic lesions. Br J Ophthalmol. 2010;94(4):474–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Sayanagi K, Pelayes DE, Kaiser PK, Singh AD. 3D Spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings in choroidal tumors. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2011;21(3):271–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Torres VL, Brugnoni N, Kaiser PK, Singh AD. Optical coherence tomography enhanced depth imaging of choroidal tumors. Am J Ophthalmol. 2011;151(4):586–93 e2.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Shah SU, Kaliki S, Shields CL, et al. Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of choroidal nevus in 104 cases. Ophthalmology. 2012;119(5):1066–72.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Mueller AJ, Freeman WR, Schaller UC, et al. Complex microcirculation patterns detected by confocal indocyanine green angiography predict time to growth of small choroidal melanocytic tumors: MuSIC Report II. Ophthalmology. 2002;109(12):2207–14.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Flower RW. Infrared absorption angiography of the choroid and some observations on the effects of high intraocular pressures. Am J Ophthalmol. 1972;74(4):600–14.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Shields CL, Mashayekhi A, Ho T, et al. Solitary congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium: clinical features and frequency of enlargement in 330 patients. Ophthalmology. 2003;110(10):1968–76.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Mines JA, Freilich DB, Friedman AH, Lazar M. Choroidal (subretinal) neovascularization secondary to choroidal nevus and successful treatment with argon laser photocoagulation. Case reports and review of literature. Ophthalmologica. 1985;190(4):210–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Parodi MB, Boscia F, Piermarocchi S, et al. Variable outcome of photodynamic therapy for choroidal neovascularization associated with choroidal nevus. Retina. 2005;25(4):438–42.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Cogan DG, Kuwabara T. Tumors of the ciliary body. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1971;11(3):27–56.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Gordon E. Nevus of the choroid and pars plana. Enucleation for suspected malignant melanoma. Surv Ophthalmol. 1963;123:507–11.

    Google Scholar 

  67. El-Harazi SM, Kellaway J, Font RL. Melanocytoma of the ciliary body diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Diagn Cytopathol. 2000;22(6):394–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Rummelt V, Naumann GO, Folberg R, Weingeist TA. Surgical management of melanocytoma of the ciliary body with extrascleral extension. Am J Ophthalmol. 1994;117(2):169–76.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Raichand M, Peyman GA, Juarez CP, et al. Resection of uveal melanocytoma: clinicopathological correlation. Br J Ophthalmol. 1983;67(4):236–43.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Fitzpatrick TB, Kitamura H, Kukita A, Zeller R. Ocular and dermal melanocytosis. AMA Arch Ophthalmol. 1956;56(6):830–2.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Singh AD, De Potter P, Fijal BA, et al. Lifetime prevalence of uveal melanoma in white patients with oculo(dermal) melanocytosis. Ophthalmology. 1998;105(1):195–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Ota M, Tanino H. Nevus fusco-ceruleus ophthalmomaxillaris. Tokyo Med J. 1939;63:1243–5.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Gonder JR, Shields JA, Albert DM, et al. Uveal malignant melanoma associated with ocular and oculodermal melanocytosis. Ophthalmology. 1982;89(8):953–60.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Velazquez N, Jones IS. Ocular and oculodermal melanocytosis associated with uveal melanoma. Ophthalmology. 1983;90(12):1472–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Biswas J, Shanmugam MP, Gopal L. Malignant melanoma of the choroid in association with oculodermal melanocytosis: a case report. Indian J Ophthalmol. 1995;43(3):140–1.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Infante de German-Ribon R, Singh AD, Arevalo JF, et al. Choroidal melanoma with oculodermal melanocytosis in Hispanic patients. Am J Ophthalmol. 1999;128(2):251–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Nik NA, Glew WB, Zimmerman LE. Malignant melanoma of the choroid in the nevus of Ota of a black patient. Arch Ophthalmol. 1982;100(10):1641–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Van Raamsdonk CD, Bezrookove V, Green G, et al. Frequent somatic mutations of GNAQ in uveal melanoma and blue naevi. Nature. 2009;457(7229):599–602.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Gerami P, Pouryazdanparast P, Vemula S, Bastian BC. Molecular analysis of a case of nevus of ota showing progressive evolution to melanoma with intermediate stages resembling cellular blue nevus. Am J Dermatopathol. 2010;32(3):301–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Singh AD, Shields CL, Shields JA, De Potter P. Bilateral primary uveal melanoma. Bad luck or bad genes? Ophthalmology. 1996;103(2):256–62.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Pomeranz GA, Bunt AH, Kalina RE. Multifocal choroidal melanoma in ocular melanocytosis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1981;99(5):857–63.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Rice CD, Brown HH. Primary orbital melanoma associated with orbital melanocytosis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1990;108(8):1130–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Sang DN, Albert DM, Sober AJ, McMeekin TO. Nevus of Ota with contralateral cerebral melanoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 1977;95(10):1820–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Howard GM, Forrest AW. Incidence and location of melanocytomas. Arch Ophthalmol. 1967;77(1):61–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Lee JS, Smith RE, Minckler DS. Scleral melanocytoma. Ophthalmology. 1982;89(2):178–82.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Verdaguer J, Valenzuela H, Strozzi L. Melanocytoma of the conjunctiva. Arch Ophthalmol. 1974;91(5):363–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Zimmerman LE, Garron LK. Melanocytoma of the optic disc. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1962;2:431–40.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Cogan DG. Discussion- pigmented ocular tumors. In: Boniuk M, editor. Ocular and adnexal tumors; new and controversial aspects. St Louis: CV Mosby; 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Reese AB. Congenital melanomas. Am J Ophthalmol. 1974;77(6):789–808.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Reidy JJ, Apple DJ, Steinmetz RL, et al. Melanocytoma: nomenclature, pathogenesis, natural history and treatment. Surv Ophthalmol. 1985;29(5):319–27.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Juarez CP, Tso MO. An ultrastructural study of melanocytomas (magnocellular nevi) of the optic disk and uvea. Am J Ophthalmol. 1980;90(1):48–62.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Shields JA, Demirci H, Mashayekhi A, Shields CL. Melanocytoma of optic disc in 115 cases: the 2004 Samuel Johnson Memorial Lecture, part 1. Ophthalmology. 2004;111(9):1739–46.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Brodsky MC, Phillips PH. Optic nerve hypoplasia and congenital hypopituitarism. J Pediatr. 2000;136(6):850.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Loeffler KU, Tecklenborg H. Melanocytoma-like growth of a juxtapapillary malignant melanoma. Retina. 1992;12(1):29–34.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Shields JA, Eagle Jr RC, Shields CL, De Potter P. Pigmented adenoma of the optic nerve head simulating a melanocytoma. Ophthalmology. 1992;99(11):1705–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Antcliff RJ, Ffytche TJ, Shilling JS, Marshall J. Optical coherence tomography of melanocytoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;130(6):845–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Mansour AM, Zimmerman L, La Piana FG, Beauchamp GR. Clinicopathological findings in a growing optic nerve melanocytoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 1989;73(6):410–5.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Apple DJ, Craythorn JM, Reidy JJ, et al. Malignant transformation of an optic nerve melanocytoma. Can J Ophthalmol. 1984;19(7):320–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Meyer D, Ge J, Blinder KJ, et al. Malignant transformation of an optic disk melanocytoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 1999;127(6):710–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Roth AM. Malignant change in melanocytomas of the uveal tract. Surv Ophthalmol. 1978;22(6):404–12.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Demirci H, Mashayekhi A, Shields CL, et al. Iris melanocytoma: clinical features and natural course in 47 cases. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;139(3):468–75.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Shields JA, Eagle Jr RC, Shields CL, Nelson LB. Progressive growth of an iris melanocytoma in a child. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;133(2):287–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Fineman MS, Eagle Jr RC, Shields JA, et al. Melanocytomalytic glaucoma in eyes with necrotic iris melanocytoma. Ophthalmology. 1998;105(3):492–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Teichmann KD, Karcioglu ZA. Melanocytoma of the iris with rapidly developing secondary glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol. 1995;40(2):136–44.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Cialdini AP, Sahel JA, Jalkh AE, et al. Malignant transformation of an iris melanocytoma. A case report. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1989;227(4):348–54.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. LoRusso FJ, Boniuk M, Font RL. Melanocytoma (magnocellular nevus) of the ciliary body: report of 10 cases and review of the literature. Ophthalmology. 2000;107(4):795–800.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Frangieh GT, el Baba F, Traboulsi EI, Green WR. Melanocytoma of the ciliary body: presentation of four cases and review of nineteen reports. Surv Ophthalmol. 1985;29(5):328–34.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Belfort RN, Schoenfield L, Singh AD. Ciliary body mass with vitreous pigment dispersion. Br J Ophthalmol. 2010;94(9):1260–1, 70–1.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Mohamed MD, Gupta M, Parsons A, Rennie IG. Ultrasound biomicroscopy in the management of melanocytoma of the ciliary body with extrascleral extension. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005;89(1):14–6.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Biswas J, D’Souza C, Shanmugam MP. Diffuse melanotic lesion of the iris as a presenting feature of ciliary body melanocytoma: report of a case and review of the literature. Surv Ophthalmol. 1998;42(4):378–82.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Brownstein S, Dorey MW, Mathew B, et al. Melanocytoma of the choroid: atypical presentation and review of the literature. Can J Ophthalmol. 2002;37(4):247–52.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Lehman LJ, Hohberger GG, Buettner H, Campbell RJ. Necrotic melanocytoma of the choroid in a 2-year-old child. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1997;34(1):40–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Haas BD, Jakobiec FA, Iwamoto T, et al. Diffuse choroidal melanocytoma in a child. A lesion extending the spectrum of melanocytic hamartomas. Ophthalmology. 1986;93(12):1632–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Shields JA, Font RL. Melanocytoma of the choroid clinically simulating a malignant melanoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 1972;87(4):396–400.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Robertson DM, Campbell RJ, Salomao DR. Mushroom-shaped choroidal melanocytoma mimicking malignant melanoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120(1):82–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Group COMS. Accuracy of diagnosis of choroidal melanomas in the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study. COMS report no. 1. Arch Ophthalmol. 1990;108(9):1268–73.

    Google Scholar 

  117. Kurli M, Finger PT, Manor T, et al. Finding malignant change in a necrotic choroidal melanocytoma: a clinical challenge. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005;89(7):921–2.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Shetlar DJ, Folberg R, Gass JD. Choroidal malignant melanoma associated with a melanocytoma. Retina. 1999;19(4):346–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Aponte EP, Stern RM, Hayden BC, Singh AD. Iridocorneal Endothelial (ICE) syndrome. A disease often misdiagnosed as an iris tumor. Adv Ocular Care. 2010;2010:31–2.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Bakri SJ, Singh AD, Lowder CY, Chalita MR, Li Y, Izatt JA, Rollins AM, Huang D. Imaging of iris lesions with high speed optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging. 2007;38(1):27–34.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Bakri SJ, Sculley L, Singh AD. Imaging techniques for uveal melanoma. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2006;46:1–13.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Singh AD. Optic disc melanocytoma. In: Huang D, Kaiser P, Lowder CY, Traboulsi EI, editors. Retinal imaging. Philadelphia: Elsevier, Inc; 2006. p. 556–8.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ophthalmic Oncology Section, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale New Haven, New Haven, CT, USA

    Miguel A. Materin MD

  2. Department of Ophthalmic Oncology, Cole Eye Institute, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA

    Arun D. Singh MD

Authors
  1. Miguel A. Materin MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Arun D. Singh MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arun D. Singh MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Ocular Oncology Service, Departments of Ophthalmology and Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA

    Bertil Damato

  2. Dept. of Ophthalmic Oncology, Cole Eye Institute Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

    Arun D. Singh

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Materin, M.A., Singh, A.D. (2014). Benign Melanocytic Tumors of the Uvea. In: Damato, B., Singh, A. (eds) Clinical Ophthalmic Oncology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54255-8_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54255-8_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-54254-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-54255-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation