Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Allgemeine Psychologie pp 185–222Cite as

Emotion

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Zusammenfassung

Was ist eine Emotion? Wie entsteht eine Emotion? Welche Funktionen haben Emotionen? Wie können wir Emotionen kontrollieren? Dieses Kapitel gibt auf diese und weitere Fragen aktuelle Antworten der Emotionspsychologie. Emotionen, ihre Entstehungsbedingungen und ihre Auswirkungen auf das Denken, Fühlen und Handeln einer Person werden in leicht verständlicher Form besprochen.

Schlüsselwörter: Emotion; Komponenten von Emotionen; Funktionen von Emotionen; Biologie von Emotionen; Emotionstheorien; Emotionsregulation

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Literatur

  • Anderson, A. K. (2005). Affective influences on the attentional dynamics supporting awareness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 134(2), 258–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arnold, M. B. (1960). Emotion and personality. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Averill, J. R. (1983). Studies on anger and aggression: Implications for theories of emotion. American Psychologist, 38(11), 1145–1160. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.38.11.1145.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bard, P. (1928). A diencephalic mechanism for the expression of rage with special reference to the sympathetic nervous system. American Journal of Physiology, 84, 490–515.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bard, P. (1934). On emotional expression after decortication with some remarks on certain theoretical views: Part I. Psychological Review, 41(4), 309–329. doi:10.1037/h0070765.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barrett, L. F. (2006a). Are emotions natural kinds? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1(1), 28–58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barrett, L. F. (2006b). Solving the emotion paradox: Categorization and the experience of emotion. Personality und Social Psychology Review, 10(1), 20–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barrett, L. F., & Bliss-Moreau, E. (2009). Affect as a psychological primitive. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 41, 167–218. doi:10.1016/S0065-2601(08)00404-8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Barrett, L. F., Lindquist, K. A., Bliss-Moreau, E., Duncan, S., Gendron, M., Mize, J., & Brennan, L. (2007a). Of mice and men: Natural kinds of emotions in the mammalian brain? A response to Panksepp and Izard. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2(3), 297–311.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Barrett, L. F., Lindquist, K. A., & Gendron, M. (2007b). Language as context for the perception of emotion. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11(8), 327–332.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Baumeister, R. F., DeWall, C. N., Vohs, K. D., & Alquist, J. L. (2010). Does emotion cause behavior (apart from making people do stupid, destructive things)? In C. R. Agnew, D. E. Carlston, W. G. Graziano, & J. R. Kelly (Hrsg.), Then a miracle occurs: Focusing on behavior in social psychological theory and research (S. 119–136). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bäuml, K.-H., & Kuhbandner, C. (2007). Remembering can cause forgetting – but not in negative moods. Psychological Science, 18(2), 111–115. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01857.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bechara, A., Damasio, A. R., Damasio, H., & Anderson, S. W. (1994). Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Cognition, 50(1–3), 7–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, R., & Fernandez, E. (1998). Cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of anger: A meta-analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 22(1), 63–74. doi:10.1023/A:1018763902991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bem, D. J. (1967). Self-perception: An alternative interpretation of cognitive dissonance phenomena. Psychological Review, 74(3), 183–200.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berkowitz, L. (1990). On the formation and regulation of anger and aggression: A cognitive-neoassociationistic analysis. American Psychologist, 45(4), 494–503. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.45.4.494.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blanchard, D. C., Hynd, A. L., Minke, K. A., Minemoto, T., & Blanchard, R. J. (2001). Human defensive behaviors to threat scenarios show parallels to fear- and anxiety-related defense patterns of non-human mammals. Neuroscience und Biobehavioral Reviews, 25(7–8), 761–770. doi:10.1016/S0149-7634(01)00056-2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bless, H., Clore, G. L., Schwarz, N., Golisano, V., Rabe, C., & Wölk, M. (1996). Mood and the use of scripts: Does a happy mood really lead to mindlessness? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(4), 665–679. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.71.4.665.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bodenhausen, G. V. (1993). Emotions, arousal, and stereotypic judgments: A heuristic model of affect and stereotyping. In D. M. Mackie, & D. L. Hamilton (Hrsg.), Affect, cognition, and stereotyping: Interactive processes in group perception (S. 13–37). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Botvinick, M. M. (2007). Conflict monitoring and decision making: reconciling two perspectives on anterior cingulate function. Cognitive, Affective und Behavioral Neuroscience, 7(4), 356–366.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (2000). Measuring emotion: Behavior, feeling, and physiology. In R. D. Lane, & L. Nadel (Hrsg.), Cognitive neuroscience of emotion (S. 242–276). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradley, M. M., Codispoti, M., Cuthbert, B. N., & Lang, P. J. (2001). Emotion and motivation I: defensive and appetitive reactions in picture processing. Emotion, 1, 276–298.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brandstätter, H. (2007). The time sampling diary (TSD) of emotional experience in everyday life situations. In J. A. Coan, & J. J. B. Allen (Hrsg.), Handbook of emotion elicitation and assessment (S. 318–331). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brosch, T., & Scherer, K. R. (2008). Plädoyer für das Komponenten-Prozess-Modell als theoretische Grundlage der experimentellen Emotionsforschung. In W. Janke, G. Debus, & M. Schmidt-Daffy (Hrsg.), Experimentelle Emotionspsychologie: Methodische Ansätze, Probleme und Ergebnisse (S. 193–204). Lengerich: Pabst.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brosch, T., & Sharma, D. (2005). The role of fear-relevant stimuli in visual search: A comparison of phylogenetic and ontogenetic stimuli. Emotion, 5(3), 360–364.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brosch, T., Sander, D., & Scherer, K. R. (2007). That baby caught my eye... Attention capture by infant faces. Emotion, 7(3), 685–689. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.7.3.685.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brosch, T., Pourtois, G., & Sander, D. (2010). The perception and categorisation of emotional stimuli: A review. Cognition and Emotion, 24(3), 377–400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, R., & Kulik, J. (1977). Flashbulb memories. Cognition, 5(1), 73–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, S. P., Homer, P. M., & Inman, J. J. (1998). A meta-analysis of relationships between ad-evoked feelings and advertising responses. Journal of Marketing Research, 35(1), 114–126. doi:10.2307/3151934.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butler, E. A., Egloff, B., Wlhelm, F. H., Smith, N. C., Erickson, E. A., & Gross, J. J. (2003). The social consequences of expressive suppression. Emotion, 3(1), 48–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cacioppo, J. T., Berntson, G. G., Larsen, J. T., Poehlman, T. A., & Ito, T. A. (2000). The psychophysiology of emotion. In M. Lewis, & J. M. Haviland (Hrsg.), Handbook of emotions (S. 173–191). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cacioppo, J. T., Berntson, G. G., Norris, C. J., & Gollan, J. K. (2012). The evaluative space model. In P. A. M. Van Lange, A. W. Kruglanski, & E. T. Higgins (Hrsg.), Handbook of theories of social psychology (Bd. 1, S. 50–72). Thousand Oaks: CA: Sage Publications Ltd..

    Google Scholar 

  • Camras, L. A. (1977). Facial expressions used by children in a conflict situation. Child Development, 48(4), 1431–1435.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cannon, W. B. (1927). The James-Lange theory of emotions: a critical examination and an alternative theory. American Journal of Psychology, 39, 106–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carstensen, L. L., Gottman, J. M., & Levenson, R. W. (1995). Emotional behavior in long-term marriage. Psychology and Aging, 10(1), 140–149. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.10.1.140.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carver, C. S., & Harmon-Jones, E. (2009). Anger is an approach-related affect: Evidence and implications. Psychological Bulletin, 135(2), 183–204. doi:10.1037/a0013965.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1990). Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: A control-process view. Psychological Review, 97(1), 19–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, T. F. (1997). The epidemiology of fears and phobias. In G. C. L. Davey (Hrsg.), Phobias: A handbook of theory, research and treatment (S. 415–434). London: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charland, L. C. (2005). The heat of emotion: Valence and the demarcation problem. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 12, 82–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christianson, S.-Å. (1992). Emotional stress and eyewitness memory: A critical review. Psychological Bulletin, 112(2), 284–309. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.112.2.284.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Christianson, S.-Å., & Hübinette, B. (1993). Hands upp: A study of witnesses’ emotional reactions and memories associated with bank robberies. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 7(5), 365–379. doi:10.1002/acp.2350070502.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clore, G. L., & Huntsinger, J. R. (2007). How emotions inform judgment and regulate thought. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11(9), 393–399.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Clore, G. L., & Ortony, A. (2000). Cognition in emotion: Always, sometimes, or never? In R. D. Lane, & L. Nadel (Hrsg.), Cognitive neuroscience of emotion (S. 24–61). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook, M., & Mineka, S. (1990). Selective associations in the observational conditioning of fear in rhesus monkeys. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 16(4), 372–389.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coombes, S. A., Cauraugh, J. H., & Janelle, C. M. (2007). Emotional state and initiating cue alter central and peripheral motor processes. Emotion, 7(2), 275–284.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (2000). Evolutionary psychology and the emotions. In M. Lewis, & J. M. Haviland-Jones (Hrsg.), Handbook of emotions (2. Aufl. S. 91–115). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Costafreda, S. G., Brammer, M. J., David, A. S., & Fu, C. H. Y. (2008). Predictors of amygdala activation during the processing of emotional stimuli: A meta-analysis of 385 PET and fMRI studies. Brain Research Reviews, 58(1), 57–70. doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.10.012.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Craig, A. D. (2011). Significance of the insula for the evolution of human awareness of feelings from the body: Insula and awareness. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1225(1), 72–82. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.05990.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Critchley, H. D., Wiens, S., Rotshtein, P., Öhman, A., & Dolan, R. J. (2004). Neural systems supporting interoceptive awareness. Nature Neuroscience, 7(2), 189–195. doi:10.1038/nn1176.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham, W. A., Dunfield, K. A., & Stillman, P. E. (2013). Emotional states from affective dynamics. Emotion Review, 5(4), 344–355. doi:10.1177/1754073913489749.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dalgleish, T. (2004). The emotional brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5(7), 583–589. doi:10.1038/nrn1432.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dalgleish, T., Dunn, B. D., & Mobbs, D. (2009). Affective neuroscience: Past, present, and future. Emotion Review, 1(4), 355–368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Damasio, A. (1998). The somatic marker hypothesis and the possible functions of the prefrontal cortex. In A. C. Roberts, T. W. Robbins, & L. Weiskrantz (Hrsg.), The prefrontal cortex: Executive and cognitive functions (S. 36–50). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Damasio, A. (1999). The feeling of what happens: Body and emotion in the making of consciousness. Fort Worth: Harcourt College Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Danziger, K. (1997). Naming the mind: How psychology found its language. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darwin, C. (1872). The expression of emotion in man and animals. London: William Clows und Sons.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, P. S. R. (2008). The cognitive and neural bases of flashbulb memories. In D. Ekrem, A. Easton, L. Nadel, & J. P. Huston (Hrsg.), Handbook of episodic memory (Bd. 18, S. 81–97). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Deffenbacher, J. L., Oetting, E. R., & DiGiuseppe, R. A. (2002). Principles of empirically supported interventions applied to anger management. The Counseling Psychologist, 30(2), 262–280. doi:10.1177/0011000002302004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Scollon, C. N. (2006). Beyond the hedonic treadmill: Revising the adaptation theory of well-being. American Psychologist, 61(4), 305–314. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.61.4.305.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DiGiuseppe, R., & Tafrate, R. C. (2003). Anger treatment for adults: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(1), 70–84. doi:10.1093/clipsy.10.1.70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dimberg, U. (1990). Facial electromyography and emotional reactions. Psychophysiology, 27(5), 481–494. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1990.tb01962.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dreisbach, G., & Goschke, T. (2004). How positive affect modulates cognitive control: Reduced perseveration at the cost of increased distractibility. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 30(2), 343–353. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.30.2.343.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duffy, E. (1934). Emotion: An example of the need for reorientation in psychology. Psychological Review, 41(2), 184–198. doi:10.1037/h0074603.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, B. D., Dalgleish, T., & Lawrence, A. D. (2006). The somatic marker hypothesis: A critical evaluation. Neuroscience und Biobehavioral Reviews, 30(2), 239–271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ebbinghaus, E. (1907). Psychologie. In P. Hinneberg (Hrsg.), Systematische Philosophie (S. 173). Berlin/Leipzig: Druck und Verlag von B G Teubner.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eder, A. B., & Dignath, D. (2013). Messung von Verhaltenstendenzen der Annäherung und Vermeidung: Eine praktische Anleitung [Measurement of approach and avoidance tendences: A manual]. In C. Bermeitinger (Hrsg.), Paradigmen der Kognitiven Psychologie: Affektive Reize II (S. 217–237). Berlin: Uni-Edition.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eder, A. B., & Rothermund, K. (2008). When do motor behaviors (mis)match affective stimuli? An evaluative coding view of approach and avoidance reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 137(2), 262–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eder, A. B., & Rothermund, K. (2013). Emotional action: An ideomotor model. In C. Mohiyeddini, & M. Eysenck (Hrsg.), Handbook of psychology of emotions: Recent theoretical perspectives and novel empirical findings (Bd. 1, S. 11–38). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eder, A. B., Hommel, B., & De Houwer, J. (2007). How distinctive is affective processing? On the implications of using cognitive paradigms to study affect and emotion. Cognition and Emotion, 21(6), 1137–1154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edery-Halpern, G., & Nachson, I. (2004). Distinctiveness in flashbulb memory: Comparative analysis of five terrorist attacks. Memory, 12(2), 147–157.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eisenberger, N. I., Lieberman, M. D., & Williams, K. D. (2003). Does rejection hurt? An fMRI study of social exclusion. Science, 302(5643), 290–292. doi:10.1126/science.1089134.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ekkekakis, P. (2013). The measurement of affect, mood, and emotion: A guide for health-behavioral research. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ekman, P. (1992). An argument for basic emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 6(3–4), 169–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ekman, P. (1993). Facial expression and emotion. American Psychologist, 48(4), 384–392.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1971). Constants across cultures in the face and emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 17(2), 124–129.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ekman, P., & Rosenberg, E. L. (1997). What the face reveals: Basic and applied studies of spontaneous expression using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). Bd. xvi. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekman, P., Sorenson, E. R., & Friesen, W. V. (1969). Pan-cultural elements in facial displays of emotion. Science, 164(3875), 86–88.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ekman, P., Levenson, R. W., & Friesen, W. V. (1983). Autonomic nervous system activity distinguishes among emotions. Science, 221(4616), 1208–1210.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elfenbein, H. A., & Ambady, N. (2002). On the universality and cultural specificity of emotion recognition: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 128(2), 203–235. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.2.203.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elliot, A. J. (2008). Approach and avoidance motivation. In A. J. Elliot (Hrsg.), Handbook of approach and avoidance motivation (S. 3–14). New York: Psychology Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliot, A. J., Eder, A. B., & Harmon-Jones, E. (2013). Approach-avoidance motivation and emotion: Convergence and divergence. Emotion Review, 5(3), 308–311. doi:10.1177/1754073913477517.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellsworth, P. C. (1994). William James and emotion: Is a century of fame worth a century of misunderstanding? Psychological Review, 101(2), 222–229.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ellsworth, P. C., & Scherer, K. R. (2003). Appraisal processes in emotion. In R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer, & H. H. Goldsmith (Hrsg.), Handbook of affective sciences (S. 572–595). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erdmann, G., & Lindern, B. van (1980). The effects of beta-adrenergic stimulation and beta-adrenergic blockade on emotional reactions. Psychophysiology, 17(4), 332–338.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fazio, R. H. (2007). Attitudes as object-evaluation associations of varying strength. Social Cognition, 25(5), 603–637.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fehr, B., & Russell, J. A. (1984). Concept of emotion viewed from a prototype perspective. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 113(3), 464–486. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.113.3.464.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, A. H., & Manstead, A. S. R. (2008). Social functions of emotions. In M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland-Jones, & L. F. Barrett (Hrsg.), Handbook of emotions (3. Aufl. S. 456–468). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fontaine, J. R. J., Scherer, K. R., Roesch, E. B., & Ellsworth, P. C. (2007). The world of emotions is not two-dimensional. Psychological Science, 18(12), 1050–1057.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218–226.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fridlund, A. J. (1994). Human facial expression: An evolutionary view. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fridlund, A. J., & Russell, J. A. (2006). The functions of facial expressions: What’s in a face? In V. Manusov, & M. L. Patterson (Hrsg.), The Sage handbook of nonverbal communication (S. 299–319). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, B. H. (2010). Feelings and the body: The Jamesian perspective on autonomic specificity of emotion. Biological Psychology, 84(3), 383–393. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.10.006.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friesen, W. V. (1973). Cultural differences in facial expressions in a social situation: An experimental test on the concept of display rules. San Francisco, US: University of California.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frijda, N. H. (1986). The emotions. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frijda, N. H. (1988). The laws of emotion. American Psychologist, 43(5), 349–358.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frijda, N. H., Kuipers, P., & Schure, E. ter (1989). Relations among emotion, appraisal, and emotional action readiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(2), 212–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galati, D., Miceli, R., & Sini, B. (2001). Judging and coding facial expression of emotions in congenitally blind children. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 25(3), 268–278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gasper, K., & Clore, G. L. (2002). Attending to the big picture: Mood and global versus local processing of visual information. Psychological Science, 13(1), 34–40. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00406.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gendron, M., & Barrett, L. F. (2009). Reconstructing the past: A century of ideas about emotion in psychology. Emotion Review, 1(4), 316–339.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gerull, F. C., & Rapee, R. M. (2002). Mother knows best: The effects of maternal modelling on the acquisition of fear and avoidance behaviour in toddlers. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(3), 279–287.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gosselin, P., Kirouac, G., & Doré, F. Y. (1995). Components and recognition of facial expression in the communication of emotion by actors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(1), 83–96. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.68.1.83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, J. A., & McNaughton, N. (2000). The neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the function of the septo-hippocampal system. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, D. P., Goldman, S. L., & Salovey, P. (1993). Measurement error masks bipolarity in affect ratings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(6), 1029–1041. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.64.6.1029.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gross, J. J. (1998). Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(1), 224–237.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gross, J. J., & Levenson, R. W. (1997). Hiding feelings: The acute effects of inhibiting negative and positive emotion. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106(1), 95–103.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gross, J. J., & Thompson, R. A. (2007). Emotion regulation: Conceptual foundations. In J. J. Gross (Hrsg.), Handbook of emotion regulation (S. 3–24). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross, J. J. & Barrett, L. F. (2013). The emerging field of affective science. Emotion, 13(6), 997–998.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hammond, D. (2011). Health warning messages on tobacco products: A review. Tobacco Control, 20, 327–337. doi:10.1136/tc.2010.037630.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hänze, M., & Hesse, F. W. (1993). Emotional influences on semantic priming. Cognition and Emotion, 7(2), 195–205. doi:10.1080/02699939308409184.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harlow, J. M. (1869). 1993). Recovery from the passage of an iron bar through the head. History of Psychiatry, 4(14), 274–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harmon-Jones, E., Gable, P. A., & Peterson, C. K. (2010). The role of asymmetric frontal cortical activity in emotion-related phenomena: A review and update. Biological Psychology, 84(3), 451–462. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.08.010.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Horstmann, G. (2003). What do facial expressions convey: Feeling states, behavioral intentions, or actions requests? Emotion, 3(2), 150–166.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Izard, C. E. (1994). Innate and universal facial expressions: Evidence from developmental and cross-cultural research. Psychological Bulletin, 115(2), 288–299.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Izard, C. E. (2010). The many meanings/aspects of emotion: Definitions, functions, activation, and regulation. Emotion Review, 2(4), 363–370. doi:10.1177/1754073910374661.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • James, W. (1884). What is an emotion? Mind, 9, 188–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, M. C. (1924). A laboratory study of fear: The case of Peter. The Pedagogical Seminary, 31, 308–316.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keillor, J. M., Barrett, A. M., Crucian, G. P., Kortenkamp, S., & Heilman, K. M. (2002). Emotional experience and perception in the absence of facial feedback. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 8(1), 130–135.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keltner, D., & Gross, J. J. (1999). Functional accounts of emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 13(5), 467–480.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keltner, D., & Haidt, J. (1999). Social functions of emotions at four levels of analysis. Cognition and Emotion, 13(5), 505–521.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koole, S. L. (2009). The psychology of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Cognition and Emotion, 23(1), 4–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kraut, R. E., & Johnston, R. E. (1979). Social and emotional messages of smiling: An ethological approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(9), 1539–1553.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kreibig, S. D. (2010). Autonomic nervous system activity in emotion: A review. Biological Psychology, 84(3), 394–421.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kvavilashvili, L., Mirani, J., Schlagman, S., Foley, K., & Kornbrot, D. E. (2009). Consistency of flashbulb memories of September 11 over long delays: Implications for consolidation and wrong time slice hypotheses. Journal of Memory and Language, 61(4), 556–572. doi:10.1016/j.jml.2009.07.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laham, S. M., Kashima, Y., Dix, J., & Wheeler, M. (2014). A meta-analysis of the facilitation of arm flexion and extension movements as a function of stimulus valence. Cognition and Emotion, 29(6), 1069–1090. doi:10.1080/02699931.2014.968096.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Laird, J. D., & Lacasse, K. (2014). Bodily influences on emotional Feelings: Accumulating evidence and extensions of William James’s theory of emotion. Emotion Review, 6(1), 27–34. doi:10.1177/1754073913494899.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lambie, J. A., & Marcel, A. J. (2002). Consciousness and the varieties of emotion experience: A theoretical framework. Psychological Review, 109(2), 219–259.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Landweer, H., & Renz, U. (2012). Handbuch Klassische Emotionstheorien: Von Platon bis Wittgenstein. Berlin: De Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laney, C., Campbell, H. V., Heuer, F., & Reisberg, D. (2004). Memory for thematically arousing events. Memory und Cognition, 32(7), 1149–1159. doi:10.3758/BF03196888.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lang, P. J. (1995). The emotion probe: Studies of motivation and attention. American Psychologist, 50(5), 372–385.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lang, P. J., & Bradley, M. M. (2010). Emotion and the motivational brain. Biological Psychology, 84(3), 437–450. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.10.007.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lange, C. G. (1887/2012). Über Gemütsbewegungen: Eine psycho-physiologische Studie. (H. Kurella, Übers.). Barsinghausen, DE: Unikum-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larsen, J. T., Berntson, G. G., Poehlmann, K. M., Ito, T. A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2008). The psychophysiology of emotion. In M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland-Jones, & L. F. Barrett (Hrsg.), Handbook of emotions (3. Aufl. S. 180–195). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R. S. (1982). Thoughts on the relations between emotion and cognition. American Psychologist, 37(9), 1019–1024.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R. S. (1984). On the primacy of cognition. American Psychologist, 39(2), 124–129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Progress on a cognitive-motivational-relational theory of emotion. American Psychologist, 46(8), 819–834.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R. S., Opton Jr., E. M., Nomikos, M. S., & Rankin, N. O. (1965). The principle of short-circuiting of threat: Further evidence. Journal of Personality, 33(4), 622–635.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • LeDoux, J. E. (1996). The emotional brain: The mysterious underpinnings of emotional life. New York: Simon und Schuster Paperbacks.

    Google Scholar 

  • LeDoux, J. E. (2000). Emotion circuits in the brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 23, 155–184.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lench, H. C., Flores, S. A., & Bench, S. W. (2011). Discrete emotions predict changes in cognition, judgment, experience, behavior, and physiology: A meta-analysis of experimental emotion elicitations. Psychological Bulletin, 137(5), 834–855. doi:10.1037/a0024244.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lerner, J. S., & Keltner, D. (2000). Beyond valence: Toward a model of emotion-specific influences on judgement and choice. Cognition and Emotion, 14(4), 473–493. doi:10.1080/026999300402763.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lerner, J. S., & Tiedens, L. Z. (2006). Portrait of the angry decision maker: How appraisal tendencies shape anger’s influence on cognition. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 19(2), 115–137. doi:10.1002/bdm.515.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levenson, R. W. (1999). The intrapersonal functions of emotion. Cognition and Emotion, 13(5), 481–504.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levine, L. J., & Edelstein, R. S. (2009). Emotion and memory narrowing: A review and goal-relevance approach. Cognition and Emotion, 23(5), 833–875.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lindquist, K. A., Gendron, M., Barrett, L. F., & Dickerson, B. C. (2014). Emotion perception, but not affect perception, is impaired with semantic memory loss. Emotion, 14(2), 375–387. doi:10.1037/a0035293.supp.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • MacLean, P. D. (1949). Psychosomatic disease and the „visceral brain“: Recent developments bearing on the Papez theory of emotion. Psychosomatic Medicine, 11, 338–353.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Macmillan, M. (2002). An odd kind of fame: Stories of Phineas Gage. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malatesta, C. Z., & Haviland, J. M. (1982). Learning display rules: The socialization of emotion expression in infancy. Child Development, 53(4), 991–1003. doi:10.2307/1129139.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mandler, G. (1964). The interruption of behavior. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 12, 163–219.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsh, A. A., Ambady, N., & Kleck, R. E. (2005). The effects of fear and anger facial expressions on approach- and avoidance-related behaviors. Emotion, 5(1), 119–124. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.5.1.119.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matsumoto, D. (2006). Culture and nonverbal behavior. In V. Manusov, & M. L. Patterson (Hrsg.), The Sage handbook of nonverbal communication (S. 219–235). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Mauss, I. B., Levenson, R. W., McCarter, L., Wilhelm, F. H., & Gross, J. J. (2005). The tie that binds? Coherence among emotion experience, behavior, and physiology. Emotion, 5(2), 175–190.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McDougall, W. (1909). An introduction to social psychology (2. Aufl.). Boston, MA: John W Luce und Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGaugh, J. L. (2004). The amygdala modulates the consolidation of memories of emotionally arousing experiences. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 27(1), 1–28.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Melo, C. M. de, Carnevale, P. J., Read, S. J., & Gratch, J. (2014). Reading people’s minds from emotion expressions in interdependent decision making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106(1), 73–88. doi:10.1037/a0034251.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morris, J. S., Öhman, A., & Dolan, R. J. (1998). Conscious and unconscious emotional learning in the human amygdala. Nature, 393(6684), 467–470. doi:10.1038/30976.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murray, E. A. (2007). The amygdala, reward and emotion. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11(11), 489–497. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2007.08.013.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, L. B., Burns, J. W., Derakshan, N., Elfant, E., Eysenck, M. W., & Phipps, S. (2008). Current issues in repressive coping and health. In A. Vingerhoets, I. Nyklíček, & J. Denollet (Hrsg.), Emotion regulation: Conceptual and clinical issues (S. 69–86). New York: Springer Science + Business Media.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Niemann, J., Wisse, B., Rus, D., Yperen, N., & Sassenberg, K. (2014). Anger and attitudinal reactions to negative feedback: The effects of emotional instability and power. Motivation and Emotion, 38(5), 687–699. doi:10.1007/s11031-014-9402-9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oatley, K., & Duncan, E. (1994). The experience of emotions in everyday life. Cognition und Emotion, 8(4), 369–381. doi:10.1080/02699939408408947.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oatley, K., & Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1987). Towards a cognitive theory of emotions. Cognition und Emotion, 1(1), 29–50. doi:10.1080/02699938708408362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Öhman, A. (2009). Of snakes and faces: An evolutionary perspective on the psychology of fear. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 50(6), 543–552.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Öhman, A., & Mineka, S. (2001). Fears, phobias, and preparedness: Toward an evolved module of fear and fear learning. Psychological Review, 108(3), 483–522.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ortony, A., & Turner, T. J. (1990). What’s basic about basic emotions? Psychological Review, 97(3), 315–331.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Panksepp, J. (1998). Affective neuroscience: The foundations of human and animal emotions. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panksepp, J. (2005). Affective consciousness: Core emotional feelings in animals and humans. Consciousness and Cognition: An International Journal, 14(1), 30–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Panksepp, J. (2011). Cross-species affective neuroscience: Decoding of the primal affective experiences of humans and related animals. PLoS ONE, 6(9), e21236. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021236.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Papez, J. W. (1937). A proposed mechanism of emotion. Archives of Neurology und Psychiatry (Chicago), 38, 725–743.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, C., & Whalen, N. (2001). Five years later: Children’s memory for medical emergencies. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 15(7), 7–24. doi:10.1002/acp.832.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plutchik, R. (2001). The nature of emotions. American Scientist, 89(4), 344–350. doi:10.1511/2001.4.344.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rakison, D. H., & Derringer, J. (2008). Do infants possess an evolved spider-detection mechanism? Cognition, 107(1), 381–393.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reisenzein, R. (1983). The Schachter theory of emotion: Two decades later. Psychological Bulletin, 94(2), 239–264.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reisenzein, R. (2000). Exploring the strength of association between the components of emotion syndromes: The case of surprise. Cognition and Emotion, 14(1), 1–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rolls, E. T. (2005). Emotion explained. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Roseman, I. J. (1984). Cognitive determinants of emotion: A structural theory. Review of Personality und Social Psychology, 5, 11–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roseman, I. J., Wiest, C., & Swartz, T. S. (1994). Phenomenology, behaviors, and goals differentiate discrete emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(2), 206–221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, J. A. (1980). A circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(6), 1161–1178. doi:10.1037/h0077714.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, J. A. (1991). Culture and the categorization of emotions. Psychological Bulletin, 110(3), 426–450.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, J. A. (1994). Is there universal recognition of emotion from facial expressions? A review of the cross-cultural studies. Psychological Bulletin, 115(1), 102–141.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, J. A. (2003). Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion. Psychological Review, 110(1), 145–172.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, J. A. (2009). Emotion, core affect, and psychological construction. Cognition and Emotion, 23(7), 1259–1283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, J. A., & Carroll, J. M. (1999). On the bipolarity of positive and negative affect. Psychological Bulletin, 125(1), 3–30. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.1.3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Safer, M. A., Christianson, S.-Å., Autry, M. W., & Österlund, K. (1998). Tunnel memory for traumatic events. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 12(2), 99–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schachter, S. (1964). The interaction of cognitive and physiological determinants of emotional state. In L. Berkowitz (Hrsg.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Bd. 1, S. 49–80). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schachter, S., & Singer, J. (1962). Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state. Psychological Review, 69(5), 379–399.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scherer, K. R. (1994). Toward a concept of „modal emotions“. In P. Ekman, & R. J. Davidson (Hrsg.), The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions (S. 25–31). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scherer, K. R. (2001). Appraisal considered as a process of multilevel sequential checking. In K. R. Scherer, A. Schorr, & T. Johnstone (Hrsg.), Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research (S. 92–120). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scherer, K. R. (2009). The dynamic architecture of emotion: Evidence for the component process model. Cognition and Emotion, 23(7), 1307–1351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scherer, K. R., & Wallbott, H. G. (1994). Evidence for universality and cultural variation of differential emotion response patterning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(2), 310–328.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scherer, K. R., Wranik, T., Sangsue, J., Tran, V., & Scherer, U. (2004). Emotions in everyday life: Probability of occurrence, risk factors, appraisal and reaction patterns. Social Science Information, 43(4), 499–570. doi:10.1177/0539018404047701.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schimmack, U. (2005). Attentional interference effects of emotional pictures: Threat, negativity, or arousal? Emotion, 5(1), 55–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz, N., & Clore, G. L. (1983). Mood, misattribution, and judgments of well-being: Informative and directive functions of affective states. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(3), 513–523.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz, N., & Clore, G. L. (2007). Feelings and phenomenal experiences. In A. W. Kruglanski, & E. T. Higgins (Hrsg.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (2. Aufl. S. 385–407). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz, N., Bless, H., & Bohner, G. (1991). Mood and persuasion: Affective states influence the processing of persuasive communications. In M. P. Zanna (Hrsg.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Bd. 24, S. 161–199). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seligman, M. E. (1971). Phobias and preparedness. Behavior Therapy, 2(3), 307–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seligman, M. E., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5–14. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seligman, M. E., Steen, T. A., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. American Psychologist, 60(5), 410–421. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.60.5.410.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shaver, P., Schwartz, J., Kirson, D., & O’Connor, C. (1987). Emotion knowledge: Further exploration of a prototype approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(6), 1061–1086.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simon, H. A. (1967). Motivational and emotional controls of cognition. Psychological Review, 74(1), 29–39. doi:10.1037/h0024127.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singer, T., Seymour, B., O’Doherty, J., Kaube, H., Dolan, R. J., & Frith, C. D. (2004). Empathy for pain involves the affective but not sensory components of pain. Science, 303(5661), 1157–1162. doi:10.1126/science.1093535.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. Oxford: Macmillan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slovic, P., Finucane, M. L., Peters, E., & MacGregor, D. G. (2007). The affect heuristic. European Journal of Operational Research, 177(3), 1333–1352. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2005.04.006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, C. A., & Ellsworth, P. C. (1985). Patterns of cognitive appraisal in emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48(4), 813–838. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.48.4.813.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Soussignan, R. (2004). Regulatory function of facial actions in emotion processes. In S. P. Shohov (Hrsg.), Advances in psychology research (Bd. 31, S. 173–198). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steenbergen, H. van, Band, G. P. H., & Hommel, B. (2009). Reward counteracts conflict adaptation: Evidence for a role of affect in executive control. Psychological Science, 20(12), 1473–1477. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02470.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stemmler, G. (2003). Methodological considerations in the psychophysiological study of emotion. In R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer, & H. H. Goldsmith (Hrsg.), Handbook of affective sciences (S. 225–255). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stemmler, G., Aue, T., & Wacker, J. (2007). Anger and fear: Separable effects of emotion and motivational direction on somatovisceral responses. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 66(2), 141–153. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2007.03.019.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Storbeck, J., & Clore, G. L. (2005). With sadness comes accuracy; with happiness, false memory: Mood and the false memory effect. Psychological Science, 16(10), 785–791. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01615.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Strack, F., Martin, L. L., & Stepper, S. (1988). Inhibiting and facilitating conditions of the human smile: A nonobtrusive test of the facial feedback hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(5), 768–777.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sukhodolsky, D. G., Kassinove, H., & Gorman, B. S. (2004). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anger in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 9(3), 247–269. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2003.08.005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tamir, M., Mitchell, C., & Gross, J. J. (2008). Hedonic and instrumental motives in anger regulation. Psychological Science, 19(4), 324–328.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tiedens, L. Z. (2001). Anger and advancement versus sadness and subjugation: The effect of negative emotion expressions on social status conferral. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(1), 86–94. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.80.1.86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tomkins, S. S. (1962). The positive affects. Affect, imagery, consciousness, Bd. I. Oxford: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tourangeau, R., & Ellsworth, P. C. (1979). The role of facial response in the experience of emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(9), 1519–1531.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tracy, J. L., & Randles, D. (2011). Four models of basic emotions: A review of Ekman and Cordaro, Izard, Levenson, and Panksepp and Watt. Emotion Review, 3(4), 397–405. doi:10.1177/1754073911410747.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valins, S. (1966). Cognitive effects of false heart-rate feedback. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4(4), 400–408.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vogt, J., De Houwer, J., Koster, E. H. W., Van Damme, S., & Crombez, G. (2008). Allocation of spatial attention to emotional stimuli depends upon arousal and not valence. Emotion, 8(6), 880–885.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vuilleumier, P., & Brosch, T. (2009). Interactions of emotion and attention. In M. S. Gazzaniga (Hrsg.), The cognitive neurosciences (Bd. IV, S. 925–934). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, W. R., Skowronski, J. J., Gibbons, J. A., Vogl, R. J., & Ritchie, T. D. (2009). Why people rehearse their memories: Frequency of use and relations to the intensity of emotions associated with autobiographical memories. Memory, 17(7), 760–773.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, J. B., & Rayner, R. (1920). Conditioned emotional reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3(1), 1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, D., & Tellegen, A. (1985). Toward a consensual structure of mood. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 219–235. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.219.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, D., & Tellegen, A. (1999). Issues in dimensional structure of affect – effects of descriptors, measurement error, and response formats: Comment on Russell and Carroll (1999). Psychological Bulletin, 125(5), 601–610.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, D., Wiese, D., Vaidya, J., & Tellegen, A. (1999). The two general activation systems of affect: Structural findings, evolutionary considerations, and psychobiological evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(5), 820–838.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, B. (1985). An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion. Psychological Review, 92(4), 548–573.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wundt, W. M. (1874). Grundzüge der physiologischen Psychologie. Leipzig: W. Engelmann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yiend, J. (2010). The effects of emotion on attention: A review of attentional processing of emotional information. Cognition and Emotion, 24(1), 3–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yik, M. S. M., Russell, J. A., & Barrett, L. F. (1999). Structure of self-reported current affect: Integration and beyond. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(3), 600–619.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zajonc, R. B. (1980). Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences. American Psychologist, 35(2), 151–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zajonc, R. B., Murphy, S. T., & Inglehart, M. (1989). Feeling and facial efference: Implications of the vascular theory of emotion. Psychological Review, 96(3), 395–416.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zillmann, D. (1983). Transfer of excitation in emotional behavior. In J. T. Cacioppo, & R. E. Petty (Hrsg.), Social psychophysiology: A sourcebook (S. 215–240). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zajonc, R. B. (1984). On the primacy of affect. American Psychologist, 39(2), 117–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Allgemeine Psychologie II, Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 10, 97070, Würzburg, Deutschland

    Prof. Dr. Andreas Eder

  2. Department of Psychology, Office 5139, University of Geneva, 40, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve, 1205, Geneva, Schweiz

    Prof. Dr. Tobias Brosch

Authors
  1. Prof. Dr. Andreas Eder
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Prof. Dr. Tobias Brosch
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andreas Eder .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Psychologie, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany

    Jochen Müsseler

  2. UMIT – Private Universität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Medizinische Informatik und Technik, Institut für Psychologie, Hall in Tirol, Austria

    Martina Rieger

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Eder, A., Brosch, T. (2017). Emotion. In: Müsseler, J., Rieger, M. (eds) Allgemeine Psychologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53898-8_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53898-8_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-53897-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-53898-8

  • eBook Packages: Psychology (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation